{"id":42772,"date":"2026-07-14T11:08:28","date_gmt":"2026-07-14T04:08:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=42772"},"modified":"2026-07-14T11:08:28","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T04:08:28","slug":"cac-lenh-linux-thong-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cac-lenh-linux-thong-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c L\u1ec7nh Linux C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n V\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng D\u1ee5ng &#8211; Cheat Sheet L\u1ec7nh Linux Tra C\u1ee9u Nhanh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<style>\n.interdata-plan-carousel,.interdata-plan-carousel *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.interdata-plan-carousel{--blue:#005bea;--blue-dark:#004dcc;--text:#071832;--muted:#516173;--border:#d8e6fb;--bg:#f3f8ff;--shadow:0 5px 14px rgba(0,62,145,.08);container-type:inline-size;background:var(--bg);padding:14px 40px 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.interdata-carousel-mark{margin-right:-2px}\n@container (max-width:640px){.interdata-plan-carousel{padding:12px 38px 16px}.interdata-plan-card{flex-basis:calc((100% - 12px)\/2);min-height:370px}.interdata-carousel-heading{font-size:16px}}\n@container (max-width:480px){.interdata-plan-carousel{padding:12px 34px 16px}.interdata-plan-card{flex-basis:100%;min-height:360px}.interdata-plan-price{font-size:25px}.interdata-carousel-arrow{width:34px;height:44px}.interdata-carousel-mark{font-size:32px!important}.interdata-carousel-prev{left:5px}.interdata-carousel-next{right:5px}}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"interdata-plan-carousel\" data-interdata-carousel>\n  <div class=\"interdata-carousel-heading\">Si\u00eau \u01afu \u0110\u00e3i <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vps-la-gi\/\">VPS<\/a> \/ CLOUD SERVER - Ti\u1ebft Ki\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ebfn 70%<\/div>\n\n  <svg width=\"0\" height=\"0\" style=\"position:absolute;visibility:hidden\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    <symbol id=\"id-icon-cpu\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"7\" y=\"7\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><path d=\"M4 9h3M4 15h3M17 9h3M17 15h3M9 4v3M15 4v3M9 17v3M15 17v3\"><\/path><path d=\"M10 10h4v4h-4z\"><\/path><\/symbol>\n    <symbol id=\"id-icon-ram\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"8\" width=\"16\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><path d=\"M7 16v2M11 16v2M15 16v2M19 16v2M7 11h1M11 11h1M15 11h1\"><\/path><\/symbol>\n    <symbol id=\"id-icon-storage\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"6\" y=\"3\" width=\"12\" height=\"18\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><path d=\"M9 7h6\"><\/path><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"16\" r=\"1.5\"><\/circle><\/symbol>\n    <symbol id=\"id-icon-network\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5 12.5a10 10 0 0 1 14 0\"><\/path><path d=\"M8.5 16a5 5 0 0 1 7 0\"><\/path><path d=\"M12 19h.01\"><\/path><\/symbol>\n    <symbol id=\"id-icon-gift\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"8\" width=\"18\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><path d=\"M12 8v13M3 12h18\"><\/path><path d=\"M7.5 8C6.1 8 5 6.9 5 5.5S6.1 3 7.5 3C10 3 12 8 12 8\"><\/path><path d=\"M16.5 8C17.9 8 19 6.9 19 5.5S17.9 3 16.5 3C14 3 12 8 12 8\"><\/path><\/symbol>\n  <\/svg>\n\n  <button class=\"interdata-carousel-arrow interdata-carousel-prev\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Xem 4 g\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc\">\n    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M15 18l-6-6 6-6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n    <span class=\"interdata-carousel-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#8249;<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n\n  <div class=\"interdata-plan-viewport\">\n    <div class=\"interdata-plan-track\">\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">Premium Base<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">299K<span>\/3 th\u00e1ng<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>2 vCore Intel<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>2GB <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ram-server\/\">RAM<\/a><\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>30GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 300Mbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/best-value-plans-2026\/best-value-plans-premium-base\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">Premium Base<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">999K<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>3 vCore Intel<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>3GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>30GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 300Mbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/cyber-week-2026\/premium-base\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">Premium Pro<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">2.599K<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>6 vCore Intel<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>8GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>80GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 350Mbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/cyber-week-2026\/premium-pro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">Premium Ultra<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">5.679K<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>12 vCore Intel<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>16GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>180GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 450Mbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/cyber-week-2026\/premium-ultra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">BD-CLOUD 1<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">988K<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>3 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vcpu-la-gi\/\">vCPU<\/a><\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>3 GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>30 GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 300 Mbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/cart.php?a=add&pid=521&billingcycle=annually\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">BD-CLOUD 2<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">2.988K<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>4 vCPU<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>8 GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>80 GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 300 Mbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/cart.php?a=add&pid=522&billingcycle=annually\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">Cloud-Day - Base<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">2.666K<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-gift\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>T\u1eb7ng 80GB S3 v\u00e0 1 n\u0103m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi mua 2 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>4 vCPU AMD G3<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>6GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>60GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 10Gbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/cloud-day-by-interdata-2026\/cloud-day-base\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">Cloud-Day - Pro<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">5.666K<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-gift\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>T\u1eb7ng 200GB S3 v\u00e0 1 n\u0103m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi mua 2 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>8 vCPU AMD G3<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>12GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>160GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 10Gbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/cloud-day-by-interdata-2026\/cloud-day-pro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <button class=\"interdata-carousel-arrow interdata-carousel-next\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Xem 4 g\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp theo\">\n    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9 18l6-6-6-6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n    <span class=\"interdata-carousel-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#8250;<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function(){\n  function setupInterDataCarousel(root){\n    var track=root.querySelector('.interdata-plan-track');\n    var prev=root.querySelector('.interdata-carousel-prev');\n    var next=root.querySelector('.interdata-carousel-next');\n    if(!track||!prev||!next||track.dataset.ready==='1')return;\n    track.dataset.ready='1';\n\n    function pageWidth(){\n      return track.clientWidth;\n    }\n\n    function updateButtons(){\n      var maxScroll=track.scrollWidth-track.clientWidth-2;\n      prev.disabled=track.scrollLeft<=2;\n      next.disabled=track.scrollLeft>=maxScroll;\n    }\n\n    prev.addEventListener('click',function(){\n      track.scrollBy({left:-pageWidth(),behavior:'smooth'});\n    });\n\n    next.addEventListener('click',function(){\n      track.scrollBy({left:pageWidth(),behavior:'smooth'});\n    });\n\n    track.addEventListener('scroll',function(){\n      window.requestAnimationFrame(updateButtons);\n    });\n\n    window.addEventListener('resize',updateButtons);\n    updateButtons();\n  }\n\n  function initInterDataCarousels(){\n    document.querySelectorAll('[data-interdata-carousel]').forEach(setupInterDataCarousel);\n  }\n\n  if(document.readyState==='loading'){\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',initInterDataCarousels);\n  }else{\n    initInterDataCarousels();\n  }\n})();\n<\/script>\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-1529766673\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1529766673 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\"><strong>C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux<\/strong> l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n khi m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u nh\u1eafc \u0111en ng\u00f2m v\u00e0 con tr\u1ecf nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y ch\u1edd l\u1ec7nh. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi thu\u00ea VPS r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3: SSH v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c server nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00f5 g\u00ec ti\u1ebfp theo. B\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t, chia theo nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tra c\u1ee9u nhanh khi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean <a style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg,#1E3A8A 0%,#2563EB 100%); -webkit-background-clip: text; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/\">InterData<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color: #eff6ff; padding: 20px; border: 1.5px solid #BFDBFE; border-radius: 12px; margin-bottom: 40px; box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(37,99,235,0.05);\">\n<p style=\"font-family: 'Be Vietnam Pro', sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-size: 18px; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 15px; color: #1e3a8a;\">N\u1ed8I DUNG B\u00c0I VI\u1ebeT<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: none; padding-left: 0; margin: 0;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section1\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n khi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb VPS<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section2\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd file, th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section3\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh xem, t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda n\u1ed9i dung file<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section4\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu file<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section5\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section6\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh Linux th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd g\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section7\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi systemctl<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section8\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh n\u00e9n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i n\u00e9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section9\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i VPS t\u1eeb xa qua SSH<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section10\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section11\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft trong terminal Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section12\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"section1\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin-top: 40px; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n khi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb VPS<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng qua terminal, thay v\u00ec thao t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng chu\u1ed9t tr\u00ean giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda. V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb VPS, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n file v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 khi server kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 desktop.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao m\u1ecdi thao t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u quy v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean n\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/he-dieu-hanh-linux-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a>. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t Linux l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/source-code-la-gi\/\">m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/a> m\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i k\u00e8m giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n server, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c thao t\u00e1c qua terminal l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u01a1i b\u1ea1n g\u00f5 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 shell, ch\u1ea1y b\u00ean trong <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cli-command-line-interface\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">giao di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh CLI<\/a>. Shell ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Bash, c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, Rocky Linux hay AlmaLinux. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1: g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec th\u00ec g\u00f5 l\u1ec7nh g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft chia c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: file, ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, g\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, n\u00e9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 output m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ngay khi thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean VPS th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42777\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Cac-lenh-Linux-la-gi.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux l\u00e0 g\u00ec\" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Cac-lenh-Linux-la-gi.jpg 700w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Cac-lenh-Linux-la-gi-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section2\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin-top: 40px; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd file, th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c trong Linux<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh Linux c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c, xem n\u1ed9i dung, t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi, sao ch\u00e9p, di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 x\u00f3a file. G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean terminal \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px 0; font-size: 15px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #1E3A8A; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">L\u1ec7nh<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>pwd<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">In \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>pwd<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>cd<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>cd \/var\/www\/html<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>ls<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea file v\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>ls -lah<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>mkdir<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">T\u1ea1o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>mkdir -p project\/logs<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>touch<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">T\u1ea1o file r\u1ed7ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt timestamp<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>touch index.html<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>cp<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Sao ch\u00e9p file ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>cp -r site\/ site_backup\/<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>mv<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Di chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean file<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>mv old.conf new.conf<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>rm<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">X\u00f3a file ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>rm -rf old_folder\/<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>find<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">T\u00ecm file theo t\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i, th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>find \/var\/log -name \"*.log\"<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<pre>$ cd \/var\/www &amp;&amp; ls -lah\r\ntotal 20K\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 4 root     root     4.0K Jul 10 09:12 .\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 3 www-data www-data 4.0K Jul 08 08:00 ..\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 5 www-data www-data 4.0K Jul 10 09:05 html\r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root     root      512 Jul 05 14:20 README.md<\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; background: #FEF2F2; border-left: 4px solid #DC2626; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 6px;\"><strong>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o:<\/strong> <code>rm -rf<\/code> x\u00f3a v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng r\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i. G\u00f5 nh\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 <code>rm -rf \/<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>rm -rf .\/*<\/code> khi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng sai th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Lu\u00f4n <code>pwd<\/code> ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ecb tr\u00ed hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed v\u1edbi <code>ls<\/code> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00eam c\u1edd <code>-rf<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section3\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin-top: 40px; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh xem, t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda n\u1ed9i dung file trong Linux<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc log, s\u1eeda file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong file l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c khi debug l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean VPS, v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i n\u1eb1m trong log d\u1ea1ng text.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px 0; font-size: 15px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #1E3A8A; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">L\u1ec7nh<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>cat<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">In to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i dung file<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>cat <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/\">nginx<\/a>.conf<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>less<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Xem file d\u00e0i theo trang, cu\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>less \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>head<\/code> \/ <code>tail<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Xem \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1i file<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>tail -f access.log<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>grep<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">T\u00ecm d\u00f2ng ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a trong file<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>grep -i \"error\" app.log<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>nano<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>nano \/etc\/hosts<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>vim<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ea1nh, nhi\u1ec1u thao t\u00e1c ph\u00edm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>vim wp-config.php<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<pre>$ tail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log\r\n2026\/07\/13 10:02:11 [error] 1421#1421: *8 connect() failed (111: Connection refused)\r\n2026\/07\/13 10:02:11 [error] 1421#1421: *8 upstream sent no valid HTTP\/1.1 header<\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; background: #FEF2F2; border-left: 4px solid #DC2626; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 6px;\"><strong>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o:<\/strong> D\u1ea5u <code>&gt;<\/code> ghi \u0111\u00e8 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i dung file, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 <code>echo \"\" &gt; nginx.conf<\/code> s\u1ebd x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n th\u00eam n\u1ed9i dung, d\u00f9ng <code>&gt;&gt;<\/code>. N\u00ean sao l\u01b0u file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng <code>cp file file.bak<\/code> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean production.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section4\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin-top: 40px; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu file trong Linux<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Linux ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 ba quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecdc, ghi, th\u1ef1c thi (r, w, x) \u00e1p cho ba nh\u00f3m: ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc, s\u1eeda hay ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t file, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t khi website b\u00e1o 403 Forbidden ho\u1eb7c script kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px 0; font-size: 15px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #1E3A8A; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">L\u1ec7nh<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>chmod<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">\u0110\u1ed5i quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecdc\/ghi\/th\u1ef1c thi<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>chmod 755 deploy.sh<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>chown<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">\u0110\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu file\/th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/html<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>chgrp<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">\u0110\u1ed5i nh\u00f3m s\u1edf h\u1eefu file<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>chgrp deploy app.log<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>umask<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Xem\/\u0111\u1eb7t quy\u1ec1n m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho file m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>umask 022<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<pre>$ ls -l deploy.sh\r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 214 Jul 12 08:40 deploy.sh\r\n$ chmod +x deploy.sh\r\n$ ls -l deploy.sh\r\n-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Jul 12 08:40 deploy.sh<\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; background: #FEF2F2; border-left: 4px solid #DC2626; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 6px;\"><strong>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o:<\/strong> <code>chmod 777<\/code> m\u1edf to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecdc, ghi, th\u1ef1c thi cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhanh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng upload bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh shell \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean server. V\u1edbi th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c web, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng <code>755<\/code> cho th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 <code>644<\/code> cho file, ch\u1ec9 n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00fang nh\u00f3m b\u1eb1ng <code>chown<\/code>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; background-color: #fff; border: 1.5px solid #BFDBFE; box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(37,99,235,0.08); border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 35px 0;\">\n<div style=\"flex: 1; min-width: 250px; background: linear-gradient(135deg,#1E3A8A 0%,#2563EB 100%); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 30px; text-align: center;\">\n<div>\n<p style=\"color: white; font-size: 34px; font-family: 'Be Vietnam Pro', sans-serif; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; line-height: 1.1;\">Thu\u00ea VPS<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #dbeafe; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; margin-top: 12px;\">To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n root \u00b7 SSD NVMe U.2 \u00b7 H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt 24\/7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 2; padding: 25px; min-width: 300px;\">\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Be Vietnam Pro', sans-serif; color: #1e3a8a; margin-top: 0; font-size: 20px;\">C\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px;\">\u0110\u1ecdc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 tay g\u00f5 l\u1ec7nh. M\u1ed9t VPS c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n root cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i th\u1eed <code>chmod<\/code>, <code>systemctl<\/code>, c\u00e0i g\u00f3i, ph\u00e1 r\u1ed3i s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><a style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg,#2563EB 0%,#1E3A8A 100%); color: white; padding: 12px 25px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 15px; display: inline-block; box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(37,99,235,0.3);\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-vps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xem g\u00f3i VPS \u27f6<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"section5\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin-top: 40px; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khi website ch\u1eadm, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cpu-server\/\">CPU<\/a> t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t script ch\u1ea1y m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px 0; font-size: 15px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #1E3A8A; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">L\u1ec7nh<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>ps<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>ps aux | grep nginx<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>top<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>top<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>htop<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">B\u1ea3n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a top, giao di\u1ec7n m\u00e0u<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>htop<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>kill<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">D\u1eebng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh theo PID<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>kill 4821<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>kill -9<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Bu\u1ed9c d\u1eebng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>kill -9 4821<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>nice<\/code> \/ <code>renice<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">\u0110\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean CPU cho ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>renice 10 -p 4821<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<pre>$ ps aux | grep php\r\nwww-data  4821  0.3  2.1  98244 43120 ?  S  09:40  0:03 php-fpm: pool www\r\n$ kill -9 4821<\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; background: #FEF2F2; border-left: 4px solid #DC2626; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 6px;\"><strong>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o:<\/strong> <code>kill -9<\/code> ng\u1eaft ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f3ng file, l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i database. N\u00ean th\u1eed <code>kill<\/code> (t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u SIGTERM) tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p, ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng <code>-9<\/code> khi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh treo h\u1eb3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>\n.interdata-plan-carousel,.interdata-plan-carousel *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.interdata-plan-carousel{--blue:#005bea;--blue-dark:#004dcc;--text:#071832;--muted:#516173;--border:#d8e6fb;--bg:#f3f8ff;--shadow:0 5px 14px rgba(0,62,145,.08);container-type:inline-size;background:var(--bg);padding:14px 40px 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden}\n.interdata-carousel-heading{color:#f00;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif;font-size:18px;line-height:1.35;font-weight:800;text-align:center;margin:0 0 14px}\n.interdata-plan-viewport{overflow:hidden;width:100%}\n.interdata-plan-track{display:flex;gap:12px;overflow-x:auto;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;scroll-behavior:smooth;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;scrollbar-width:none;padding:0 0 4px}\n.interdata-plan-track::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}\n.interdata-plan-card{flex:0 0 calc((100% - 36px)\/4);min-width:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:8px;padding:15px 10px 13px;min-height:370px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;scroll-snap-align:start;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}\n.interdata-plan-title{color:var(--blue-dark);font-size:16px;line-height:1.22;font-weight:800;text-align:center;margin:0 0 7px;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}\n.interdata-plan-price{color:var(--blue-dark);font-size:24px;line-height:1;font-weight:900;text-align:center;margin-bottom:12px;white-space:nowrap;letter-spacing:0}\n.interdata-plan-price span{font-size:10px;font-weight:800;margin-left:2px}\n.interdata-plan-badge{align-self:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#ff3934;color:#fff;border-radius:5px;padding:7px 8px;font-size:9px;line-height:1;font-weight:800;margin-bottom:15px;white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%}\n.interdata-plan-features{list-style:none!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important}\n.interdata-plan-features li{display:flex;gap:7px;align-items:flex-start;color:var(--text);font-size:12px;line-height:1.35;font-weight:700;text-align:left;margin:0 0 10px!important;padding:0!important}\n.interdata-plan-icon{width:14px;min-width:14px;height:14px;color:#0069ff;margin-top:2px}\n.interdata-plan-icon svg{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:2;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}\n.interdata-plan-spacer{flex:1;min-height:16px}\n.interdata-plan-button{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:42px;width:100%;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border-radius:5px;font-size:13px;font-weight:800;text-decoration:none!important;box-shadow:0 7px 14px rgba(0,91,234,.24);transition:transform .2s ease,background .2s ease}\n.interdata-plan-button:hover{background:var(--blue-dark);color:#fff!important;transform:translateY(-1px)}\n.interdata-carousel-arrow{position:absolute;top:50%;z-index:5;width:44px;height:54px;border:2px solid #fff!important;border-radius:999px;background:var(--blue)!important;color:#fff!important;box-shadow:0 8px 22px rgba(0,62,145,.32);display:flex!important;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:pointer;transform:translateY(-35%);transition:background .2s ease,color .2s ease,opacity .2s ease,transform .2s ease}\n.interdata-carousel-arrow:hover{background:var(--blue-dark)!important;color:#fff!important;transform:translateY(-35%) scale(1.04)}\n.interdata-carousel-arrow:disabled{opacity:.78;cursor:not-allowed;background:#8aa6cf!important;color:#fff!important}\n.interdata-carousel-arrow:disabled:hover{background:#8aa6cf!important;color:#fff!important;transform:translateY(-35%)}\n.interdata-carousel-arrow svg{display:none!important}\n.interdata-carousel-arrow:before{content:none!important;display:none!important}\n.interdata-carousel-mark{display:block!important;color:#fff!important;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important;font-size:38px!important;font-weight:900!important;line-height:1!important;text-align:center!important;pointer-events:none!important;transform:translateY(-2px)}\n.interdata-carousel-prev{left:14px}\n.interdata-carousel-prev .interdata-carousel-mark{margin-left:-2px}\n.interdata-carousel-next{right:14px}\n.interdata-carousel-next .interdata-carousel-mark{margin-right:-2px}\n@container (max-width:640px){.interdata-plan-carousel{padding:12px 38px 16px}.interdata-plan-card{flex-basis:calc((100% - 12px)\/2);min-height:370px}.interdata-carousel-heading{font-size:16px}}\n@container (max-width:480px){.interdata-plan-carousel{padding:12px 34px 16px}.interdata-plan-card{flex-basis:100%;min-height:360px}.interdata-plan-price{font-size:25px}.interdata-carousel-arrow{width:34px;height:44px}.interdata-carousel-mark{font-size:32px!important}.interdata-carousel-prev{left:5px}.interdata-carousel-next{right:5px}}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"interdata-plan-carousel\" data-interdata-carousel>\n  <div class=\"interdata-carousel-heading\">Si\u00eau \u01afu \u0110\u00e3i VPS \/ CLOUD SERVER - Ti\u1ebft Ki\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ebfn 70%<\/div>\n\n  <svg width=\"0\" height=\"0\" style=\"position:absolute;visibility:hidden\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    <symbol id=\"id-icon-cpu\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"7\" y=\"7\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><path d=\"M4 9h3M4 15h3M17 9h3M17 15h3M9 4v3M15 4v3M9 17v3M15 17v3\"><\/path><path d=\"M10 10h4v4h-4z\"><\/path><\/symbol>\n    <symbol id=\"id-icon-ram\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"8\" width=\"16\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><path d=\"M7 16v2M11 16v2M15 16v2M19 16v2M7 11h1M11 11h1M15 11h1\"><\/path><\/symbol>\n    <symbol id=\"id-icon-storage\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"6\" y=\"3\" width=\"12\" height=\"18\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><path d=\"M9 7h6\"><\/path><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"16\" r=\"1.5\"><\/circle><\/symbol>\n    <symbol id=\"id-icon-network\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5 12.5a10 10 0 0 1 14 0\"><\/path><path d=\"M8.5 16a5 5 0 0 1 7 0\"><\/path><path d=\"M12 19h.01\"><\/path><\/symbol>\n    <symbol id=\"id-icon-gift\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"8\" width=\"18\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><path d=\"M12 8v13M3 12h18\"><\/path><path d=\"M7.5 8C6.1 8 5 6.9 5 5.5S6.1 3 7.5 3C10 3 12 8 12 8\"><\/path><path d=\"M16.5 8C17.9 8 19 6.9 19 5.5S17.9 3 16.5 3C14 3 12 8 12 8\"><\/path><\/symbol>\n  <\/svg>\n\n  <button class=\"interdata-carousel-arrow interdata-carousel-prev\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Xem 4 g\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc\">\n    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M15 18l-6-6 6-6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n    <span class=\"interdata-carousel-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#8249;<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n\n  <div class=\"interdata-plan-viewport\">\n    <div class=\"interdata-plan-track\">\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">Premium Base<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">299K<span>\/3 th\u00e1ng<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>2 vCore Intel<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>2GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>30GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 300Mbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/best-value-plans-2026\/best-value-plans-premium-base\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">Premium Base<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">999K<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>3 vCore Intel<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>3GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>30GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 300Mbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/cyber-week-2026\/premium-base\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">Premium Pro<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">2.599K<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>6 vCore Intel<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>8GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>80GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 350Mbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/cyber-week-2026\/premium-pro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">Premium Ultra<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">5.679K<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>12 vCore Intel<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>16GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>180GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 450Mbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/cyber-week-2026\/premium-ultra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">BD-CLOUD 1<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">988K<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>3 vCPU<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>3 GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>30 GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 300 Mbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/cart.php?a=add&pid=521&billingcycle=annually\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">BD-CLOUD 2<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">2.988K<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>4 vCPU<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>8 GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>80 GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 300 Mbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/cart.php?a=add&pid=522&billingcycle=annually\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">Cloud-Day - Base<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">2.666K<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-gift\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>T\u1eb7ng 80GB S3 v\u00e0 1 n\u0103m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi mua 2 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>4 vCPU AMD G3<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>6GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>60GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 10Gbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/cloud-day-by-interdata-2026\/cloud-day-base\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">Cloud-Day - Pro<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">5.666K<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-gift\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>T\u1eb7ng 200GB S3 v\u00e0 1 n\u0103m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi mua 2 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>8 vCPU AMD G3<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>12GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>160GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Network: 10Gbps<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-spacer\"><\/div>\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/cloud-day-by-interdata-2026\/cloud-day-pro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <button class=\"interdata-carousel-arrow interdata-carousel-next\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Xem 4 g\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp theo\">\n    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9 18l6-6-6-6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n    <span class=\"interdata-carousel-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#8250;<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function(){\n  function setupInterDataCarousel(root){\n    var track=root.querySelector('.interdata-plan-track');\n    var prev=root.querySelector('.interdata-carousel-prev');\n    var next=root.querySelector('.interdata-carousel-next');\n    if(!track||!prev||!next||track.dataset.ready==='1')return;\n    track.dataset.ready='1';\n\n    function pageWidth(){\n      return track.clientWidth;\n    }\n\n    function updateButtons(){\n      var maxScroll=track.scrollWidth-track.clientWidth-2;\n      prev.disabled=track.scrollLeft<=2;\n      next.disabled=track.scrollLeft>=maxScroll;\n    }\n\n    prev.addEventListener('click',function(){\n      track.scrollBy({left:-pageWidth(),behavior:'smooth'});\n    });\n\n    next.addEventListener('click',function(){\n      track.scrollBy({left:pageWidth(),behavior:'smooth'});\n    });\n\n    track.addEventListener('scroll',function(){\n      window.requestAnimationFrame(updateButtons);\n    });\n\n    window.addEventListener('resize',updateButtons);\n    updateButtons();\n  }\n\n  function initInterDataCarousels(){\n    document.querySelectorAll('[data-interdata-carousel]').forEach(setupInterDataCarousel);\n  }\n\n  if(document.readyState==='loading'){\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',initInterDataCarousels);\n  }else{\n    initInterDataCarousels();\n  }\n})();\n<\/script>\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-116464466\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-116464466 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2 id=\"section6\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin-top: 40px; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh Linux th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd g\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1ch c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c nhau theo b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t khi chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Ubuntu sang CentOS ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 25px;\">Tr\u00ean Ubuntu\/Debian d\u00f9ng apt<\/h3>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px 0; font-size: 15px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #1E3A8A; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">L\u1ec7nh<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>apt update<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt danh s\u00e1ch g\u00f3i<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>sudo apt update<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>apt upgrade<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">N\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p g\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0i<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>sudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>apt install<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">C\u00e0i g\u00f3i m\u1edbi<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>sudo apt install nginx<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>apt remove<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">G\u1ee1 g\u00f3i<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>sudo apt remove nginx<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 25px;\">Tr\u00ean CentOS\/RHEL\/Rocky\/Alma d\u00f9ng yum ho\u1eb7c dnf<\/h3>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px 0; font-size: 15px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #1E3A8A; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">L\u1ec7nh<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>yum update<\/code> \/ <code>dnf update<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>sudo dnf update -y<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>yum install<\/code> \/ <code>dnf install<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">C\u00e0i g\u00f3i m\u1edbi<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>sudo dnf install nginx<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>yum remove<\/code> \/ <code>dnf remove<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">G\u1ee1 g\u00f3i<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>sudo dnf remove nginx<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<pre>$ sudo apt update &amp;&amp; sudo apt install -y nginx\r\nReading package lists... Done\r\nSetting up nginx (1.24.0-2ubuntu7) ...\r\nCreated symlink \/etc\/systemd\/system\/multi-user.target.wants\/nginx.service<\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">RHEL 8 tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 Rocky, Alma khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb d\u00f9ng <code>dnf<\/code> thay <code>yum<\/code>, d\u00f9 <code>yum<\/code> v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh tr\u1ecf t\u1edbi <code>dnf<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section7\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin-top: 40px; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi systemctl<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">systemctl l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (service) tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Linux hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng systemd, thay th\u1ebf cho l\u1ec7nh <code>service<\/code> ki\u1ec3u c\u0169. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u00f5 m\u1ed7i khi c\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1eebng ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Nginx, MySQL, PHP-FPM&#8230;<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px 0; font-size: 15px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #1E3A8A; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">L\u1ec7nh<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>systemctl status<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Xem tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>systemctl status nginx<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>systemctl start<\/code> \/ <code>stop<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1eebng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>sudo systemctl restart mysql<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>systemctl enable<\/code> \/ <code>disable<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">B\u1eadt\/t\u1eaft t\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>sudo systemctl enable nginx<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>systemctl list-units<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>systemctl list-units --type=service<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<pre>$ systemctl status nginx\r\n\u25cf nginx.service - A high performance web server\r\n     Loaded: loaded (\/lib\/systemd\/system\/nginx.service; enabled)\r\n     Active: active (running) since Mon 2026-07-13 08:02:11 +07<\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u1ec7nh <code>service<\/code> (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 <code>service nginx restart<\/code>) v\u1eabn ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1edd l\u1edbp t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean <code>systemctl<\/code> tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00ec n\u00f3 thao t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi systemd, th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">systemctl v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kernel-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Kernel<\/a>, ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5i \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh. Mu\u1ed1n xem phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kernel \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y, d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh <code>uname -r<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section8\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin-top: 40px; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh n\u00e9n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i n\u00e9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong Linux<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng khi backup d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, di chuy\u1ec3n source code gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c server ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea3i file c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e9n. tar l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gzip \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9n dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px 0; font-size: 15px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #1E3A8A; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">L\u1ec7nh<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>tar -czvf<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">N\u00e9n th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh file .tar.gz<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>tar -czvf backup.tar.gz \/var\/www\/html<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>tar -xzvf<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Gi\u1ea3i n\u00e9n file .tar.gz<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz -C \/restore<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>gzip<\/code> \/ <code>gunzip<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">N\u00e9n\/gi\u1ea3i n\u00e9n file \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>gzip access.log<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>zip<\/code> \/ <code>unzip<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">N\u00e9n\/gi\u1ea3i n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng .zip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>unzip source.zip -d source\/<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<pre>$ tar -czvf backup-2026-07-13.tar.gz \/var\/www\/html\r\n\/var\/www\/html\/\r\n\/var\/www\/html\/index.php\r\n\/var\/www\/html\/wp-config.php\r\n$ ls -lh backup-2026-07-13.tar.gz\r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18M Jul 13 10:20 backup-2026-07-13.tar.gz<\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n Linux t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n <code>unzip<\/code>, c\u00e0i nhanh b\u1eb1ng <code>apt install unzip<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>dnf install unzip<\/code> t\u00f9y distro, theo \u0111\u00fang nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd g\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section9\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin-top: 40px; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i VPS t\u1eeb xa qua SSH<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh m\u1ea1ng gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, xem c\u1ed5ng n\u00e0o \u0111ang m\u1edf v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o VPS t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb xa \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ssh-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">giao th\u1ee9c SSH l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a>, m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n server qua m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ng\u1ed3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px 0; font-size: 15px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #1E3A8A; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">L\u1ec7nh<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>ssh<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o VPS t\u1eeb xa<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>ssh root@103.x.x.x -p 22<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>scp<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Sao ch\u00e9p file qua SSH<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>scp backup.tar.gz root@103.x.x.x:\/root\/<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>ping<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t host<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>ping -c 4 google.com<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>ss<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Xem socket\/c\u1ed5ng \u0111ang l\u1eafng nghe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>ss -tulnp<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>netstat<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Xem k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng (l\u1ec7nh c\u0169, d\u1ea7n thay b\u1eb1ng ss)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>netstat -tulnp<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<pre>$ ssh root@103.x.x.x -p 22\r\nThe authenticity of host '103.x.x.x' can't be established.\r\nAre you sure you want to continue connecting (yes\/no)? yes\r\nWelcome to Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS\r\nroot@vps:~#<\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng SSH v\u00e0o VPS l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cach-truy-cap-vps-linux-bang-ssh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c\u00e1ch truy c\u1eadp VPS Linux b\u1eb1ng SSH<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang key ho\u1eb7c m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thao t\u00e1c. Khi c\u1ea7n m\u1edf d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi ra Internet ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng b\u1ecb d\u00f2 qu\u00e9t, tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/huong-dan-tat-mo-port-tren-vps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c\u00e1ch t\u1eaft\/m\u1edf port tr\u00ean VPS b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh<\/a> th\u00f4ng qua firewall nh\u01b0 ufw ho\u1eb7c firewalld.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; background: #FEF2F2; border-left: 4px solid #DC2626; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 6px;\"><strong>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o:<\/strong> \u0110\u00f3ng nh\u1ea7m c\u1ed5ng SSH (m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh 22) tr\u00ean firewall trong l\u00fac \u0111ang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb xa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 kh\u00f3a m\u00ecnh ngo\u00e0i server. Lu\u00f4n m\u1edf m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean SSH d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra qua console c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed5i rule firewall li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi c\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section10\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin-top: 40px; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nghi ng\u1edd server y\u1ebfu hay b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m l\u1ec7nh n\u00ean ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 tr\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vps-linux-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VPS Linux l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a> b\u1ea1n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u h\u1ebft dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i RAM.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px 0; font-size: 15px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #1E3A8A; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">L\u1ec7nh<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>df<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Xem dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u00f2n tr\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>df -h<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>du<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Xem dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>du -sh \/var\/log<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>free<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Xem RAM v\u00e0 swap \u0111ang d\u00f9ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>free -h<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>uptime<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Xem th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>uptime<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<pre>$ free -h\r\n              total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\r\nMem:           3.8G        1.2G        800M         45M        1.8G        2.3G\r\nSwap:          2.0G          0B        2.0G\r\n\r\n$ df -h \/\r\nFilesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\r\n\/dev\/vda1        40G   14G   24G  37% \/<\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khi <code>df -h<\/code> b\u00e1o dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7y ho\u1eb7c <code>free -h<\/code> cho th\u1ea5y RAM lu\u00f4n \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 traffic \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thay v\u00ec ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; background-color: #fff; border: 1.5px solid #BFDBFE; box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(37,99,235,0.08); border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; margin: 35px 0;\">\n<div style=\"flex: 1; min-width: 250px; background: linear-gradient(135deg,#1E3A8A 0%,#2563EB 100%); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 30px; text-align: center;\">\n<div>\n<p style=\"color: white; font-size: 34px; font-family: 'Be Vietnam Pro', sans-serif; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; line-height: 1.1;\">Cloud Server<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #dbeafe; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; margin-top: 12px;\">M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean linh ho\u1ea1t \u00b7 CPU th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u00b7 Ch\u1ed1ng DDoS<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 2; padding: 25px; min-width: 300px;\">\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Be Vietnam Pro', sans-serif; color: #1e3a8a; margin-top: 0; font-size: 20px;\">Khi df, free b\u00e1o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea1m ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px;\">VPS ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf. Khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp t\u0103ng, database ph\u00ecnh to ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n scale CPU\/RAM theo th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, Cloud Server cho ph\u00e9p n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0i l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p><a style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg,#2563EB 0%,#1E3A8A 100%); color: white; padding: 12px 25px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 15px; display: inline-block; box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(37,99,235,0.3);\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/cloud-server\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xem g\u00f3i Cloud Server \u27f6<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"section11\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin-top: 40px; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi terminal Linux<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch gi\u00fap thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean terminal nhanh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u1ea7n tra c\u1ee9u c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1y t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px 0; font-size: 15px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #1E3A8A; color: #fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">L\u1ec7nh<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>sudo<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Ch\u1ea1y l\u1ec7nh v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n root<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>sudo systemctl restart nginx<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>man<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Xem t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>man tar<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>history<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Xem l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>history | grep chmod<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>whoami<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">Xem t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n \u0111ang \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>whoami<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>crontab -e<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\">T\u1ea1o l\u1ecbch ch\u1ea1y l\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #BFDBFE;\"><code>crontab -e<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<pre>$ man tar\r\nTAR(1)                    User Commands                   TAR(1)\r\nNAME\r\n       tar - an archiving utility\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\n       tar [OPTION...] [FILE]...<\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 backup h\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00eam hay d\u1ecdn log \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, \u0111\u1eebng ng\u1ed3i g\u00f5 tay m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/crontab-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi Crontab<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ea1y l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n can thi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; background: #FEF2F2; border-left: 4px solid #DC2626; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 6px;\"><strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c:<\/strong> <code>dd<\/code> ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp xu\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tham s\u1ed1 sai; <code>mkfs<\/code> \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a, x\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ch\u1ea1y khi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn 100% v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 sao l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section12\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin-top: 40px; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 20px;\">L\u1ec7nh Linux n\u00e0o n\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng file: <code>pwd<\/code>, <code>cd<\/code>, <code>ls<\/code>, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc <code>cat<\/code>, <code>nano<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 xem v\u00e0 s\u1eeda file. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ec7nh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 20px;\">L\u00e0m sao xem t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux c\u00f3 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">G\u00f5 <code>compgen -c<\/code> trong Bash \u0111\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ecdi l\u1ec7nh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 alias v\u00e0 h\u00e0m shell. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, d\u00f9ng <code>man &lt;t\u00ean l\u1ec7nh&gt;<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>&lt;t\u00ean l\u1ec7nh&gt; --help<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 20px;\">sudo l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">sudo cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n root t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, thay v\u00ec \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp h\u1eb3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n root. D\u00f9ng khi l\u1ec7nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy\u1ec1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, s\u1eeda file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 20px;\">L\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t trong Linux, c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh g\u00f5 nh\u1ea7m?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><code>rm -rf \/<\/code> l\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec x\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng file m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i. Theo sau l\u00e0 <code>dd<\/code>, <code>mkfs<\/code> ghi \u0111\u00e8 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, v\u00e0 <code>chmod 777<\/code> tr\u00ean th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c web l\u00e0m h\u1edf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp cho b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 20px;\">C\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi vim ho\u1eb7c nano khi b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong vim, nh\u1ea5n <code>Esc<\/code> r\u1ed3i g\u00f5 <code>:q!<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u, ho\u1eb7c <code>:wq<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t. Trong nano, nh\u1ea5n <code>Ctrl + X<\/code>, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn <code>Y<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u ho\u1eb7c <code>N<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border-top: 2px dashed #BFDBFE; margin-top: 50px; padding-top: 30px;\">\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Be Vietnam Pro', sans-serif; color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 22px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 15px;\">Tra c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u1eafm c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cheat sheet \u0111\u1ec3 tra c\u1ee9u nhanh, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 g\u00f5 l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eadt. Ba nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb nh\u1ea5t: \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng\/ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n file cho thao t\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, systemctl cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m m\u1ea1ng\/SSH cho vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb VPS t\u1eeb xa. N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp an to\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t VPS ri\u00eang v\u1edbi to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n root l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #EFF6FF; border: 1px solid #2563EB; padding: 30px; margin-top: 25px; border-radius: 12px; text-align: center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family: 'Be Vietnam Pro', sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; color: #1e3a8a; margin-top: 0;\">S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eadt<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 20px; color: #4b5563;\">Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o VPS trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n root \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<p><a style=\"background: #2563EB; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 30px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; border-radius: 6px; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-vps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xem g\u00f3i VPS \u27f6<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; color: #6b7280; margin-top: 30px; border-top: 1px solid #E5E7EB; padding-top: 15px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\"><em>N\u1ed9i dung trong b\u00e0i mang t\u00ednh tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00fa ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i Linux th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng. T\u00ean tham s\u1ed1, h\u00e0nh vi m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 output th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n distro, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh shell v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng server. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng production, n\u00ean sao l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n khi m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u nh\u1eafc \u0111en ng\u00f2m v\u00e0 con tr\u1ecf nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y ch\u1edd l\u1ec7nh. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi thu\u00ea VPS r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3: SSH v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c server nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00f5 g\u00ec ti\u1ebfp theo. B\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":42776,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[165],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc-it"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42772","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42772"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42772\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42778,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42772\/revisions\/42778"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}