{"id":41596,"date":"2026-06-08T11:34:36","date_gmt":"2026-06-08T04:34:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=41596"},"modified":"2026-06-08T11:40:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T04:40:35","slug":"tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/","title":{"rendered":"9+ C\u00e1ch T\u1ea1o File Tr\u00ean Linux B\u1eb1ng Terminal Chi Ti\u1ebft 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#1-File-trong-Linux-la-gi\" >1. File trong Linux l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#2-06-dinh-dang-tep-tin-co-ban-trong-Linux\" >2.\u00a006 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong Linux<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#3-Dieu-kien-tien-quyet\" >3. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#4-9-Cach-tao-File-Linux-bang-dong-lenh\" >4. 9 C\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o File Linux b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#Lenh-1-touch-%E2%80%94-Tao-nhanh-file-rong-hoac-nhieu-file-cung-luc\" >L\u1ec7nh 1 touch \u2014 T\u1ea1o nhanh file r\u1ed7ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u file c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#Lenh-2-Toan-tu-chuyen-huong-%3E-%E2%80%94-Tao-file-rong-hoac-ghi-de\" >L\u1ec7nh 2 To\u00e1n t\u1eed chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng &gt; \u2014 T\u1ea1o file r\u1ed7ng ho\u1eb7c ghi \u0111\u00e8<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#Lenh-3-cat-%E2%80%94-Tao-file-va-nhap-noi-dung-truc-tiep-tu-terminal\" >L\u1ec7nh 3 cat \u2014 T\u1ea1o file v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb terminal<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#Lenh-4-echo-%E2%80%94-Tao-file-voi-mot-dong-van-ban-cu-the\" >L\u1ec7nh 4 echo \u2014 T\u1ea1o file v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#Lenh-5-printf-%E2%80%94-Tao-file-nhieu-dong-voi-dinh-dang-tuy-chinh\" >L\u1ec7nh 5 printf \u2014 T\u1ea1o file nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#Lenh-6-fallocate-%E2%80%94-Tao-file-co-kich-thuoc-co-dinh\" >L\u1ec7nh 6 fallocate \u2014 T\u1ea1o file c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#Lenh-7-vim-%E2%80%94-Trinh-soan-thao-terminal-day-du-tinh-nang\" >L\u1ec7nh 7 vim \u2014 Tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o terminal \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#Lenh-8-vi-%E2%80%94-Phien-ban-goc-co-tren-moi-he-thong-UnixLinux\" >L\u1ec7nh 8 vi \u2014 Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Unix\/Linux<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#Lenh-9-nano-%E2%80%94-Trinh-soan-thao-terminal-than-thien-nhat-cho-nguoi-moi\" >L\u1ec7nh 9 nano \u2014 Tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o terminal th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#5-FAQ-%E2%80%94-Cau-hoi-thuong-gap\" >5. FAQ \u2014 C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#Tao-file-tren-Linux-co-can-quyen-root-khong\" >T\u1ea1o file tr\u00ean Linux c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n root kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#Su-khac-nhau-giua-touch-va-%3E-khi-tao-file\" >S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa touch v\u00e0 &gt; khi t\u1ea1o file?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#Lam-sao-tao-file-an-tren-Linux\" >L\u00e0m sao t\u1ea1o file \u1ea9n tr\u00ean Linux?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#Tao-file-trong-thu-muc-chua-ton-tai-duoc-khong\" >T\u1ea1o file trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tao-file-tren-linux-bang-terminal\/#fallocate-tao-file-nhanh-hon-dd-nhu-the-nao\" >fallocate t\u1ea1o file nhanh h\u01a1n dd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div class=\"summary\"><strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/he-dieu-hanh-linux-la-gi\/\">Linux<\/a> h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 6 lo\u1ea1i file (regular, directory, link, special, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/socket-cpu-la-gi\/\">socket<\/a>, pipe). \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o file m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng terminal, c\u00f3 9 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: touch, &gt;, cat, echo, printf, fallocate, vim, vi, v\u00e0 nano \u2014 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/div>\n<p>L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin th\u00f4ng qua c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 terminal l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Linux c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng. B\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean Linux, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ecf t\u00fai nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o t\u1ec7p tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-41600\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Huong-Dan-Cach-Tao-File-Tren-Linux-Bang-Terminal.jpg\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn C\u00e1ch T\u1ea1o File Tr\u00ean Linux B\u1eb1ng Terminal\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Huong-Dan-Cach-Tao-File-Tren-Linux-Bang-Terminal.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Huong-Dan-Cach-Tao-File-Tren-Linux-Bang-Terminal-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-File-trong-Linux-la-gi\"><\/span>1. File trong Linux l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Linux, t\u1ec7p tin (file) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/he-dieu-hanh\/\">h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/a> n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8220;m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p tin&#8221;. H\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gom chung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c (directory). K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, nh\u1eefng th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p h\u00ecnh c\u00e2y, g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp tin (filesystem).<\/p>\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n hay <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/source-code-la-gi\/\">m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/a> ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &#8220;t\u1ec7p tin&#8221; trong Linux c\u00f2n bao tr\u00f9m lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a, c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c driver \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n linh ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-06-dinh-dang-tep-tin-co-ban-trong-Linux\"><\/span>2.\u00a006 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong Linux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh g\u00f5 l\u1ec7nh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p m\u00e0 Linux \u0111ang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh 06 nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u1ec7p tin th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (Regular file)<\/strong>:\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i file ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9a n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh, video, \u00e2m thanh, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n hay c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n script. \u0110i\u1ec3m th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 tr\u00ean Linux, nh\u00f3m file n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n \u0111u\u00f4i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (extension) cho n\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ec7p tin th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c (Directory file)<\/strong>:\u00a0C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd nh\u00f3m t\u1ec7p n\u00e0y. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ee9a n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng file \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t chuy\u00ean l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin con n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ec7p tin li\u00ean k\u1ebft (Link file)<\/strong>:\u00a0Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7p n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft (shortcut) tr\u1ecf v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t file g\u1ed1c \u0111ang n\u1eb1m \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh: li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee9ng (hard link) v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ec1m\/t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng (symbolic link).<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ec7p tin \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (Special file)<\/strong>:\u00a0To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 linh ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd (m\u00e1y in, m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, \u1ed5 CD\/DVD, \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng&#8230;) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Linux nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gom chung v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn\u00a0<code>\/dev<\/code>. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh hai d\u1ea1ng: t\u1ec7p x\u1eed l\u00fd theo k\u00fd t\u1ef1 (character) v\u00e0 t\u1ec7p x\u1eed l\u00fd theo kh\u1ed1i (block).<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ec7p tin Socket<\/strong>:\u00a0Khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n &#8220;n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n&#8221; v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho nhau (ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb xa), ch\u00fang s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi socket. M\u1ed7i socket lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/port-la-gi\/\">port<\/a>) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/\">\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP<\/a> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ec7p tin Pipe \u0111\u00edch danh (Named pipe file)<\/strong>:\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 file FIFO (V\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc). Lo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5i Kernel ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u00fang tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb t\u1ea1m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd xu\u1ed1ng \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Linux ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 6 lo\u1ea1i file ch\u00ednh. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y <code>ls -l<\/code>:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i file<\/th>\n<th>K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\n<th>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Regular file<\/td>\n<td><code>-<\/code><\/td>\n<td>File th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng: v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, \u1ea3nh, script, binary. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 extension.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Directory file<\/td>\n<td><code>d<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u2014 l\u01b0u t\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c file b\u00ean trong, kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Link file<\/td>\n<td><code>l<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Con tr\u1ecf t\u1edbi file kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng: hard link (c\u00f9ng inode) v\u00e0 symbolic link (tr\u1ecf theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Special file<\/td>\n<td><code>c<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>b<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Character device (<code>c<\/code>) x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eebng byte, block device (<code>b<\/code>) x\u1eed l\u00fd theo kh\u1ed1i. N\u1eb1m trong <code>\/dev<\/code>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Socket file<\/td>\n<td><code>s<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0110i\u1ec3m giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa client v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/may-chu-server-la-gi\/\">server<\/a> c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. M\u1ed7i socket g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 port.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pipe file (FIFO)<\/td>\n<td><code>p<\/code><\/td>\n<td>Kernel x\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo ki\u1ec3u First In First Out. T\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u trong filesystem m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ghi v\u00e0o \u0111\u0129a theo ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-Dieu-kien-tien-quyet\"><\/span>3. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o terminal Linux. N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u00e1y Linux, c\u00f3 3 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngay:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e0i m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i Linux (Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora\u2026) tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c qua <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/virtual-machine-la-gi\/\">m\u00e1y \u1ea3o<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f9ng <strong>WSL<\/strong> (Windows Subsystem for Linux) tr\u00ean Windows 10\/11 \u2014 g\u00f5 <code>wsl<\/code> trong <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/windows-powershell-la-gi\/\">PowerShell<\/a> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngay terminal Ubuntu.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f9ng <strong>Replit<\/strong> (replit.com) \u2014 t\u1ea1o project Bash, terminal m\u1edf ngay trong tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e0i g\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sau khi c\u00f3 terminal, ki\u1ec3m tra th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng <code>pwd<\/code> v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea file b\u1eb1ng <code>ls<\/code> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-9-Cach-tao-File-Linux-bang-dong-lenh\"><\/span>4. 9 C\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o File Linux b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><!-- TOUCH --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lenh-1-touch-%E2%80%94-Tao-nhanh-file-rong-hoac-nhieu-file-cung-luc\"><\/span><span class=\"method-tag\">L\u1ec7nh 1<\/span> touch \u2014 T\u1ea1o nhanh file r\u1ed7ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u file c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i Linux \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n ti\u1ec7n \u00edch\u00a0<code>touch<\/code>. C\u00f4ng n\u0103ng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a t\u1ec7p (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian truy c\u1eadp hay ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng). D\u00f9 v\u1eady,\u00a0<code>touch\u00a0<\/code>l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-la-gi\/\">l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/a> vi\u00ean d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ra m\u1ed9t file r\u1ed7ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. L\u01b0u \u00fd, n\u1ebfu t\u00ean file b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong m\u00e1y, l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ghi \u0111\u00e8 m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a file \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n g\u00f5:<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t file:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>touch filename.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u file trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>touch filename1.txt filename2.txt filename3.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1o d\u00e3y file \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 10:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>touch test_{1..10}.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1o d\u00e3y file theo b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i t\u1eeb a \u0111\u1ebfn j:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>touch test_{a..j}.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n<pre><code>ls<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1edd (option) h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi\u00a0<code>touch<\/code>:<\/p>\n<p><code>--version<\/code>\u00a0(ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<code>-v<\/code>): Xem th\u00f4ng tin phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5.<br \/>\n<code>--help<\/code>: M\u1edf b\u1ea3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n<code>-a<\/code>: C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt l\u1ea1i m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian truy c\u1eadp t\u1ec7p.<br \/>\n<code>-m<\/code>: C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt l\u1ea1i m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ec7p.<br \/>\n<code>-no-dereference<\/code>\u00a0(ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<code>-h<\/code>): Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian cho m\u1ed9t file li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ec1m.<br \/>\n<code>-c<\/code>\u00a0(ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<code>--no-create<\/code>): B\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o file m\u1edbi n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n file ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n<code>--date=&lt;string&gt;<\/code>\u00a0(ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<code>-d=&lt;string&gt;<\/code>): \u00c9p th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a t\u1ec7p tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y do b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a.<br \/>\n<code>--reference=&lt;file&gt;<\/code>\u00a0(ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<code>-r=&lt;file&gt;<\/code>): Sao ch\u00e9p m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t file m\u1eabu sang.<br \/>\n<code>-t&lt;stamp&gt;<\/code>: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian theo \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y\/gi\u1edd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>Do\u00a0touch\u00a0kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00e8n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nh\u00e1p h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<div class=\"note\"><strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> <code>touch<\/code> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u file placeholder \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1n n\u1ed9i dung sau \u2014 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf editor n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u00f5 n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/div>\n<p><!-- REDIRECT --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lenh-2-Toan-tu-chuyen-huong-%3E-%E2%80%94-Tao-file-rong-hoac-ghi-de\"><\/span><span class=\"method-tag\">L\u1ec7nh 2<\/span> To\u00e1n t\u1eed chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng <code>&gt;<\/code> \u2014 T\u1ea1o file r\u1ed7ng ho\u1eb7c ghi \u0111\u00e8<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>K\u00fd t\u1ef1 d\u1ea5u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n (<code>&gt;<\/code>) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea9y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o trong t\u1ec7p tin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebb ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p tin tr\u1ed1ng tr\u01a1n:<\/p>\n<pre><code>&gt; filename.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"warn\"><strong>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/strong>: N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9a s\u1eb5n m\u1ed9t file tr\u00f9ng t\u00ean, to\u00e1n t\u1eed n\u00e0y s\u1ebd x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung c\u0169 v\u00e0 ghi \u0111\u00e8 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t file r\u1ed7ng.<\/div>\n<p><!-- CAT --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lenh-3-cat-%E2%80%94-Tao-file-va-nhap-noi-dung-truc-tiep-tu-terminal\"><\/span><span class=\"method-tag\">L\u1ec7nh 3<\/span> cat \u2014 T\u1ea1o file v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb terminal<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>D\u00f9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c file v\u0103n b\u1ea3n,\u00a0<code>cat\u00a0<\/code>ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o mini ngay tr\u00ean Terminal. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n g\u00f5:<\/p>\n<pre><code>cat &gt; cat.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u00e3y g\u00f5 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u1ea5n <strong>Enter<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<pre><code>This file has been created with cat command<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp, b\u1ea1n b\u1ea5m t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p\u00a0<strong>Ctrl + D<\/strong>. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 xem th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3, h\u00e3y g\u1ecdi l\u1ea1i l\u1ec7nh:<\/p>\n<pre><code>cat cat.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"note\"><strong>Khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng cat \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o file?<\/strong> Khi c\u1ea7n g\u00f5 v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng nhanh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf vim hay nano. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n con tr\u1ecf l\u00ean d\u00f2ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f5 \u2014 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng editor th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/div>\n<p><!-- ECHO --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lenh-4-echo-%E2%80%94-Tao-file-voi-mot-dong-van-ban-cu-the\"><\/span><span class=\"method-tag\">L\u1ec7nh 4<\/span> echo \u2014 T\u1ea1o file v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng,\u00a0<code>echo\u00a0<\/code>c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 in ra m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh Terminal nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n ra l\u1ec7nh. Nh\u01b0ng khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi to\u00e1n t\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd sinh ra m\u1ed9t file m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a (ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a) d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1o file r\u1ed7ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>echo -n &gt; filename.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1o t\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u00fang s\u1eb5n m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef v\u00e0o trong:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>echo \"File text\" &gt; filename.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"note\">Nh\u1edb \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea5u nh\u00e1y k\u00e9p xung quanh n\u1ed9i dung. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf d\u1ea5u nh\u00e1y v\u00e0 text c\u00f3 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 <code>$<\/code>, <code>!<\/code>, bash s\u1ebd interpret ch\u00fang theo ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Nh\u1edb k\u1ef9<\/strong>: V\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n ch\u00e8n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong c\u1eb7p d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p!<\/div>\n<p><!-- PRINTF --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lenh-5-printf-%E2%80%94-Tao-file-nhieu-dong-voi-dinh-dang-tuy-chinh\"><\/span><span class=\"method-tag\">L\u1ec7nh 5<\/span> printf \u2014 T\u1ea1o file nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng\u00a0<code>echo<\/code>, tuy nhi\u00ean\u00a0<code>printf\u00a0<\/code>cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed9 khung t\u00f9y bi\u1ebfn v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t file ch\u1ee9a s\u1eb5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u0103n b\u1ea3n chia l\u00e0m hai d\u00f2ng, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1o file hai d\u00f2ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>printf 'Some text\\nSome more text' &gt; filename.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ho\u1eb7c theo c\u00fa ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng:<\/p>\n<pre><code>printf 'Some text\r\nSome more text' &gt; filename.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Khi c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o file config <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/templates-la-gi\/\">template<\/a> ho\u1eb7c file CSV \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh, <code>printf<\/code> cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n <code>echo<\/code> nh\u1edd format specifier.<\/p>\n<p><!-- FALLOCATE --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lenh-6-fallocate-%E2%80%94-Tao-file-co-kich-thuoc-co-dinh\"><\/span><span class=\"method-tag\">L\u1ec7nh 6<\/span> fallocate \u2014 T\u1ea1o file c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><code>fallocate<\/code> c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u0129a cho file ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng byte. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh d\u00f9ng khi c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o file gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ghi \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c test gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<pre><code>fallocate -l 10MB filename<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"note\">Trong l\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean, ch\u1eef &#8220;<code>filename<\/code>&#8221; l\u00e0 t\u00ean t\u1ec7p b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t. <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tham-so-parameter-la-gi\/\">Tham s\u1ed1<\/a>\u00a0<code>-l\u00a0<\/code>y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0\u00a010MB\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc file. T\u00f9y theo nhu c\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay MB th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 TB, GB, ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef M \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n chu\u1ea9n mebibyte.<\/div>\n<p><!-- VIM --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lenh-7-vim-%E2%80%94-Trinh-soan-thao-terminal-day-du-tinh-nang\"><\/span><span class=\"method-tag\">L\u1ec7nh 7<\/span> vim \u2014 Tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o terminal \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Vim (Vi IMproved) l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y. G\u00f5 t\u00ean file sau l\u1ec7nh <code>vim<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u2014 n\u1ebfu file ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, vim t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o khi b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u:<\/p>\n<pre><code>vim filename.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Vim kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf <strong>Normal mode<\/strong> \u2014 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u00f5 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngay.<\/p>\n<p>Giao di\u1ec7n Vim xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5m ph\u00edm\u00a0<strong>I<\/strong>\u00a0(Insert) m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f5 ch\u1eef. Sau khi so\u1ea1n xong, \u1ea5n n\u00fat\u00a0<strong>Esc\u00a0<\/strong>\u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u, g\u00f5 c\u1ee5m\u00a0<code>:wq<\/code>\u00a0v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng ph\u00edm\u00a0<strong>Enter\u00a0<\/strong>\u0111\u1ec3 ghi \u0111\u00e8 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<div class=\"note\">Vim c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mode. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi quen r\u1ed3i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file tr\u00ean server (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 GUI) nhanh h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u2014 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u00edm t\u1eaft di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 search\/replace.<\/div>\n<p><!-- VI --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lenh-8-vi-%E2%80%94-Phien-ban-goc-co-tren-moi-he-thong-UnixLinux\"><\/span><span class=\"method-tag\">L\u1ec7nh 8<\/span> vi \u2014 Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Unix\/Linux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Vi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Vim, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Unix v\u00e0 Linux k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. C\u00fa ph\u00e1p gi\u1ed1ng Vim:<\/p>\n<pre><code>vi vi.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Nh\u1ea5n <kbd>i<\/kbd> \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o Insert mode v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadp. Khi xong, nh\u1ea5n <kbd>Esc<\/kbd> r\u1ed3i g\u00f5 <code>:wq<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Vi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng cao nh\u01b0 syntax highlighting hay <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/plugin-la-gi\/\">plugin<\/a> nh\u01b0 Vim. D\u00f9ng vi khi <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ssh-la-gi\/\">SSH<\/a> v\u00e0o server kh\u00f4ng c\u00e0i s\u1eb5n vim ho\u1eb7c nano.<\/p>\n<p><!-- NANO --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lenh-9-nano-%E2%80%94-Trinh-soan-thao-terminal-than-thien-nhat-cho-nguoi-moi\"><\/span><span class=\"method-tag\">L\u1ec7nh 9<\/span> nano \u2014 Tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o terminal th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>N\u1ebfu Vim hay Vi qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, GNU nano ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi b\u1edfi giao di\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n. M\u1edf Nano \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o file b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh:<\/p>\n<pre><code>nano filename.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 g\u00f5 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 d\u00f9ng Word. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh xong, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p\u00a0Ctrl + S\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0\u00a0Ctrl + X\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Linux trao cho b\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00f4 t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ec7p tin, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c click chu\u1ed9t qua c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda cho \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn linh ho\u1ea1t qua h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tr\u00ean Terminal.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-box\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #ed1c24; font-size: 130%;\"><strong>\u0110ang c\u1ea7n <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vps-la-gi\/\">VPS<\/a> t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>InterData cung c\u1ea5p VPS hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao v\u1edbi SSD\/NVMe v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ubuntu-server-la-gi\/\">h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Ubuntu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/he-dieu-hanh-centos\/\">CentOS<\/a>, Debian,&#8230; \u2014 deploy trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, full <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/root-access-la-gi\/\">root access<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/uptime-la-gi\/\">uptime<\/a> cao. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cac-lenh-linux-thong-dung\/\">c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Linux<\/a> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng lo lag hay gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea1y web, deploy \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Linux h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ed1c24; font-size: 150%;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ed1c24;\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-vps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xem c\u00e1c g\u00f3i VPS \u2192<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-FAQ-%E2%80%94-Cau-hoi-thuong-gap\"><\/span>5. FAQ \u2014 C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tao-file-tren-Linux-co-can-quyen-root-khong\"><\/span>T\u1ea1o file tr\u00ean Linux c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n root kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n ghi (<em>write permission<\/em>) v\u00e0o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c home c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh (<code>~\/<\/code>), user th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u1ec9 khi t\u1ea1o file trong <code>\/etc<\/code>, <code>\/usr<\/code>, hay c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n <code>sudo<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su-khac-nhau-giua-touch-va-%3E-khi-tao-file\"><\/span>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa touch v\u00e0 &gt; khi t\u1ea1o file?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><code>touch<\/code> an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n: n\u1ebfu file \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt timestamp, kh\u00f4ng x\u00f3a n\u1ed9i dung b\u00ean trong. C\u00f2n <code>&gt;<\/code> ghi \u0111\u00e8 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u2014 file c\u0169 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau n\u1ed9i dung c\u0169ng b\u1ecb x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch. Khi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc file c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a, d\u00f9ng <code>touch<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam-sao-tao-file-an-tren-Linux\"><\/span>L\u00e0m sao t\u1ea1o file \u1ea9n tr\u00ean Linux?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean file b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <code>touch .env<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>touch .gitignore<\/code>. File \u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n trong <code>ls<\/code> th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng <code>ls -a<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tao-file-trong-thu-muc-chua-ton-tai-duoc-khong\"><\/span>T\u1ea1o file trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng <code>mkdir -p \/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\/d\u1eabn\/<\/code> r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o file b\u00ean trong. Ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trong script.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"fallocate-tao-file-nhanh-hon-dd-nhu-the-nao\"><\/span>fallocate t\u1ea1o file nhanh h\u01a1n dd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><code>fallocate<\/code> ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o v\u1edbi kernel c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t block tr\u00ean \u0111\u0129a ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u2014 n\u00ean t\u1ea1o file 1GB m\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 1 gi\u00e2y. <code>dd<\/code> ghi t\u1eebng byte th\u1ef1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u0129a, t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc file. \u0110\u1ec3 benchmark t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ghi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, d\u00f9ng <code>dd<\/code>. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o file placeholder k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn nhanh, d\u00f9ng <code>fallocate<\/code>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh: Linux h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 6 lo\u1ea1i file (regular, directory, link, special, socket, pipe). \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o file m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng terminal, c\u00f3 9 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: touch, &gt;, cat, echo, printf, fallocate, vim, vi, v\u00e0 nano \u2014 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin th\u00f4ng qua<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":41599,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[161],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-huong-dan-chung"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41596"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41596\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41602,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41596\/revisions\/41602"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}