{"id":35182,"date":"2025-10-27T15:29:58","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T08:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=35182"},"modified":"2025-10-28T15:44:37","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T08:44:37","slug":"nfv-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"NFV l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh NFV v\u1edbi SDN"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#NFV-la-gi\" >NFV l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Cach-thuc-hoat-dong-cua-NFV\" >C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a NFV<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Tach-biet-Chuc-nang-Decoupling\" >T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (Decoupling)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Dong-goi-thanh-VNF-Virtual-Network-Function\" >\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u00e0nh VNF (Virtual Network Function)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Trien-khai-tren-NFVI-NFV-Infrastructure\" >Tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean NFVI (NFV Infrastructure)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Kien-truc-co-ban-cua-NFV\" >Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a NFV<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Lop-Chuc-nang-mang-ao-VNF\" >L\u1edbp Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng \u1ea3o (VNF)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Lop-Co-so-ha-tang-NFV-NFVI\" >L\u1edbp C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng NFV (NFVI)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Lop-Quan-ly-va-Dieu-phoi-MANO\" >L\u1edbp Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i (MANO)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Loi-ich-khi-su-dung-NFV\" >L\u1ee3i \u00edch khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NFV<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Toi-uu-Chi-phi-Von-CAPEX-va-Chi-phi-Van-hanh-OPEX\" >T\u1ed1i \u01b0u Chi ph\u00ed V\u1ed1n (CAPEX) v\u00e0 Chi ph\u00ed V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh (OPEX)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Tang-cuong-Tinh-linh-hoat-Agility-va-Toc-do-ra-mat-dich-vu\" >T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t (Agility) v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ra m\u1eaft d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Ho-tro-Ung-dung-Bang-thong-Rong-va-Mang-5G\" >H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng R\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 M\u1ea1ng 5G<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Uu-diem-noi-bat-cua-NFV\" >\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a NFV<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Kha-nang-Mo-rong-Scalability-linh-hoat-va-Dong\" >Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (Scalability) linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Ho-tro-Xu-huong-Cloud-Native-va-Containerization\" >H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng Cloud Native v\u00e0 Containerization<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Tinh-ben-vung-va-Kha-nang-Phuc-hoi-Resiliency\" >T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i (Resiliency)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Nhung-thach-thuc-khi-trien-khai-NFV\" >Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi tri\u1ec3n khai NFV<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Van-de-Hieu-suat-Performance-va-Do-tre-Latency\" >V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t (Performance) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 (Latency)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Thach-thuc-Tich-hop-va-Tuong-thich-Integration-Complexity\" >Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch (Integration Complexity)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Yeu-cau-ve-Nang-luc-Nhan-su\" >Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#So-sanh-giua-NFV-va-SDN\" >So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa NFV v\u00e0 SDN<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/#Moi-quan-he-Bo-sung-Synergy-giua-NFV-va-SDN\" >M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 B\u1ed5 sung (Synergy) gi\u1eefa NFV v\u00e0 SDN<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>NFV (Network Functions Virtualization), hay \u1ea2o h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng (CSP) tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 VNF. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nfv-la-gi\/\"> <strong>NFV l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong><\/a>, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a NFV, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa NFV v\u00e0 SDN, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 5G Core Network linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NFV-la-gi\"><\/span>NFV l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>NFV (Network Function Virtualization)<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 router, t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda, b\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i,\u2026 t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng sang ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, NFV gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, t\u0103ng t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tri\u1ec3n khai, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_35195\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35195\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35195\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/NFV-la-gi.jpg\" alt=\"NFV l\u00e0 g\u00ec\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/NFV-la-gi.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/NFV-la-gi-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/NFV-la-gi-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-35195\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">NFV l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach-thuc-hoat-dong-cua-NFV\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a NFV<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 <strong>\u1ea3o h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng<\/strong>, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1ch <strong>NFV<\/strong> chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p \u0111en ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng sang m\u1ed9t <strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng \u1ea3o (VNF)<\/strong> di\u1ec5n ra th\u00f4ng qua ba b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tach-biet-Chuc-nang-Decoupling\"><\/span>T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (Decoupling)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trong m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng (b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadt l\u00fd) g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhau. <strong>NFV<\/strong> ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i chip hay ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a (nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 x86 COTS).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dong-goi-thanh-VNF-Virtual-Network-Function\"><\/span>\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u00e0nh VNF (Virtual Network Function)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y \u1ea3o (VM &#8211; Virtual Machine). G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>Containerization<\/strong> (nh\u01b0 Docker v\u00e0 Kubernetes) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c <strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng \u1ea3o h\u00f3a Cloud-Native<\/strong> (Cloud-Native VNF).<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>vEPC (Virtualized Evolved Packet Core):<\/strong> L\u00f5i m\u1ea1ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng 4G \u1ea3o h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>vIMS (Virtualized IP Multimedia Subsystem):<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u1ea3o h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>vFirewall, vRouter, vLoad Balancer:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u1ea3o h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trien-khai-tren-NFVI-NFV-Infrastructure\"><\/span>Tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean NFVI (NFV Infrastructure)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean <strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng NFV (NFVI)<\/strong>. NFVI ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1edbp t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u1ea3o h\u00f3a, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean T\u00ednh to\u00e1n (Compute):<\/strong> CPU, RAM (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3o h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng Hypervisor ho\u1eb7c Container Runtime).<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean L\u01b0u tr\u1eef (Storage):<\/strong> \u0110\u0129a c\u1ee9ng \u1ea3o h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean M\u1ea1ng (Network):<\/strong> C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng \u1ea3o (Virtual Switch).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, <strong>NFV<\/strong> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt l\u00fd chung (m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 COTS) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3o h\u00f3a (<strong>VNF<\/strong>), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <strong>MANO<\/strong> (s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf ph\u1ea7n Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac NFV). S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (Scalability) v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 so v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kien-truc-co-ban-cua-NFV\"><\/span>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a NFV<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac <strong>NFV<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a b\u1edfi <strong>ETSI NFV ISG<\/strong> v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ba kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo c\u00e1c l\u1edbp (layer), c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n (interface) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lop-Chuc-nang-mang-ao-VNF\"><\/span>L\u1edbp Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng \u1ea3o (VNF)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/strong> <strong>VNF<\/strong> l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong> C\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (User Plane) \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ng (Control Plane).<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u:<\/strong> Trong m\u1ea1ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng 5G, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac <strong>NFV<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 <strong>5G Core Network<\/strong>. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function), SMF (Session Management Function), v\u00e0 UPF (User Plane Function) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng <strong>VNF<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c <strong>CNF (Containerized Network Function)<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 Viettel nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng theo nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 (latency) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (throughput). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 <strong>NFV<\/strong> v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lop-Co-so-ha-tang-NFV-NFVI\"><\/span>L\u1edbp C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng NFV (NFVI)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>NFVI l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a m\u00e0 c\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong> Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 x86 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (Compute), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (Storage), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd (Physical Network Infrastructure).<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u1ea3o h\u00f3a:<\/strong> L\u1edbp \u1ea3o h\u00f3a (Hypervisor ho\u1eb7c Container Runtime) ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3o, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt l\u00fd cho t\u1eebng <strong>VNF<\/strong> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. NFVI \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nhau (Isolation).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Networking:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t. NFVI ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng \u1ea3o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa <strong>VNF<\/strong> v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 <strong>SDN<\/strong> (Software-Defined Networking) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1ng \u1ea3o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t. NFVI l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng <strong>NFV<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lop-Quan-ly-va-Dieu-phoi-MANO\"><\/span>L\u1edbp Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i (MANO)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>MANO (Management and Orchestration)<\/strong> l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac <strong>NFV<\/strong>, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (lifecycle) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <strong>NFV<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac <strong>MANO<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 40px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background-color: #050a71; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #050a71; font-weight: bold;\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n MANO<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: #050a71; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #050a71; font-weight: bold;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: #050a71; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #050a71; font-weight: bold;\">Vai tr\u00f2 trong NFV<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left; font-weight: bold;\">NFV Orchestrator (NFVO)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left;\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng (Network Service Lifecycle) v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left;\">Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, v\u00e0 g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng (g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u VNF). N\u00f3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi VNFM v\u00e0 VIM \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left; font-weight: bold;\">VNF Manager (VNFM)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left;\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t VNF c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left;\">Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o, d\u1eebng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (scale in\/out), v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i (healing) cho t\u1eebng VNF.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left; font-weight: bold;\">Virtualized Infrastructure Manager (VIM)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left;\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng \u1ea3o trong NFVI.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left;\">Cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u1ea3o (VM, Container) cho VNF. C\u00e1c VIM ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 OpenStack, VMware VCloud.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa ba l\u1edbp (VNF, NFVI, v\u00e0 MANO) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 <strong>NFV<\/strong> h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_35196\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35196\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35196\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Kien-truc-cua-NFV.jpg\" alt=\"Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a NFV\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Kien-truc-cua-NFV.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Kien-truc-cua-NFV-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Kien-truc-cua-NFV-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-35196\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a NFV<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Loi-ich-khi-su-dung-NFV\"><\/span>L\u1ee3i \u00edch khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NFV<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng <strong>\u1ea3o h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng<\/strong> mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb 5G v\u00e0 IoT.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Toi-uu-Chi-phi-Von-CAPEX-va-Chi-phi-Van-hanh-OPEX\"><\/span>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u Chi ph\u00ed V\u1ed1n (CAPEX) v\u00e0 Chi ph\u00ed V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh (OPEX)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang <strong>NFV<\/strong> l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3m CAPEX:<\/strong> <strong>NFV<\/strong> cho ph\u00e9p thay th\u1ebf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 COTS ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 COTS n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, gi\u00fap t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3m OPEX:<\/strong> Chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nh\u1edd v\u00e0o:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng:<\/strong> \u00cdt thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u01a1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (Automation):<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <strong>MANO<\/strong> cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp trung:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u1ea3o h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai <strong>NFV<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed mua s\u1eafm thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m OPEX trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tang-cuong-Tinh-linh-hoat-Agility-va-Toc-do-ra-mat-dich-vu\"><\/span>T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t (Agility) v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ra m\u1eaft d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi nhanh ch\u00f3ng. <strong>NFV<\/strong> gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tri\u1ec3n khai Nhanh ch\u00f3ng:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t vFirewall cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p) t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng <strong>NFV<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 mua, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhanh:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai <strong>VNF<\/strong> tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. N\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf <strong>VNF<\/strong> c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap <strong>NFV<\/strong> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 Mobifone ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Cloud nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ho-tro-Ung-dung-Bang-thong-Rong-va-Mang-5G\"><\/span>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng R\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 M\u1ea1ng 5G<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>NFV<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1ng 5G.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>5G Core Network:<\/strong> Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac 5G y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t l\u00f5i m\u1ea1ng (Core Network) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3o h\u00f3a (<strong>NFV<\/strong>). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p <strong>Network Slicing<\/strong> (chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u00e1t \u1ea3o) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t cho IoT, m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t cho video 4K), mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed NFV:<\/strong> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 bi\u00ean m\u1ea1ng (Edge Computing), gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb xa (Ultra-reliable low-latency communication &#8211; URLLC).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_35197\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35197\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35197\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Loi-ich-cua-NFV.jpg\" alt=\"L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a NFV\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Loi-ich-cua-NFV.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Loi-ich-cua-NFV-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Loi-ich-cua-NFV-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-35197\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a NFV<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uu-diem-noi-bat-cua-NFV\"><\/span>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a NFV<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, <strong>\u1ea3o h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng<\/strong> c\u00f2n s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, gi\u00fap n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kha-nang-Mo-rong-Scalability-linh-hoat-va-Dong\"><\/span>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (Scalability) linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i mua th\u00eam thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ngang (Scale Out):<\/strong> V\u1edbi <strong>NFV<\/strong>, khi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 T\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 thao l\u1edbn), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <strong>MANO<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao (instance) c\u1ee7a <strong>VNF<\/strong> tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 COTS c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;scale out&#8221; (m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ngang).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thu h\u1eb9p (Scale In):<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m, c\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb t\u1eaft \u0111i, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean CPU\/RAM \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean:<\/strong> Thay v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c &#8220;h\u1ed9p \u0111en&#8221; ri\u00eang l\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 50% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, NFVI cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, m\u1ea1ng) \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb linh ho\u1ea1t cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> theo nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a <strong>NFV<\/strong> l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (QoS) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ho-tro-Xu-huong-Cloud-Native-va-Containerization\"><\/span>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng Cloud Native v\u00e0 Containerization<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, <strong>NFV<\/strong> ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng M\u00e1y \u1ea3o (VM). Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh <strong>Cloud Native<\/strong> v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Container.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Containerization:<\/strong> Thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng VM (c\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Guest OS n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1), <strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng \u1ea3o h\u00f3a<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng Container (nh\u01b0 Docker), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi Kubernetes. Container nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi VM.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CNF (Containerized Network Function):<\/strong> C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng 5G m\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng CNF, ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng <strong>Telco Cloud<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc DevOps v\u00e0 CI\/CD, t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00ean g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a <strong>NFV<\/strong> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh-ben-vung-va-Kha-nang-Phuc-hoi-Resiliency\"><\/span>T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i (Resiliency)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trong m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng h\u1ecfng, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i (Healing):<\/strong> V\u1edbi <strong>NFV<\/strong>, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t <strong>VNF<\/strong> g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <strong>MANO<\/strong> s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a <strong>VNF<\/strong> \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 COTS kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sao l\u01b0u linh ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> NFV cho ph\u00e9p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng-ch\u1edd (Active-Standby) ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng-ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (Active-Active) cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_35198\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35198\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35198\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Uu-diem-noi-bat-cua-NFV.jpg\" alt=\"\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a NFV\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Uu-diem-noi-bat-cua-NFV.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Uu-diem-noi-bat-cua-NFV-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Uu-diem-noi-bat-cua-NFV-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-35198\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a NFV<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung-thach-thuc-khi-trien-khai-NFV\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi tri\u1ec3n khai NFV<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 <strong>\u1ea3o h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng<\/strong> mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00f3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Van-de-Hieu-suat-Performance-va-Do-tre-Latency\"><\/span>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t (Performance) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 (Latency)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i \u0111au l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng <strong>NFV<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Overhead c\u1ee7a \u1ea3o h\u00f3a:<\/strong> L\u1edbp \u1ea3o h\u00f3a (Hypervisor) lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t &#8220;g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng&#8221; (overhead) nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd g\u00f3i tin (packet processing) c\u1ee7a <strong>VNF<\/strong> ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi khi ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng l\u00f5i (nh\u01b0 vEPC, UPF trong 5G) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p (microsecond). Vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i g\u00f3i tin gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> \u1ea3o h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 <strong>DPDK (Data Plane Development Kit)<\/strong>, <strong>SR-IOV (Single Root I\/O Virtualization)<\/strong>. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p <strong>VNF<\/strong> truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1ng, b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp \u1ea3o h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh NFVI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thach-thuc-Tich-hop-va-Tuong-thich-Integration-Complexity\"><\/span>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch (Integration Complexity)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac <strong>NFV<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p MANO v\u00e0 OSS\/BSS:<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <strong>MANO<\/strong> c\u1ea7n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kinh doanh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng (OSS\/BSS &#8211; Operations Support Systems\/Business Support Systems). Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n API ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi Legacy Network:<\/strong> H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng v\u1eabn \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u0169 (legacy). Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u0169 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00f3, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5ng (gateway) v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i giao th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p (Multi-Vendor):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng <strong>NFV<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m VNF t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: VNF c\u1ee7a Cisco ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean NFVI c\u1ee7a VMware, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi MANO c\u1ee7a Red Hat). \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u01a1n tru gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yeu-cau-ve-Nang-luc-Nhan-su\"><\/span>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 <strong>NFV<\/strong> x\u00f3a nh\u00f2a ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Cloud v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi:<\/strong> C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p \u0111en sang vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng Cloud (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: OpenStack, Kubernetes), l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh (DevOps, Python), v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <strong>MANO<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng, \u1ea3o h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 Cloud Native l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai <strong>\u1ea3o h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng<\/strong> t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_35199\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35199\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35199\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Nhung-thach-thuc-khi-trien-khai-NFV.jpg\" alt=\"Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi tri\u1ec3n khai NFV\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Nhung-thach-thuc-khi-trien-khai-NFV.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Nhung-thach-thuc-khi-trien-khai-NFV-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Nhung-thach-thuc-khi-trien-khai-NFV-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-35199\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi tri\u1ec3n khai NFV<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So-sanh-giua-NFV-va-SDN\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa NFV v\u00e0 SDN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, <strong>NFV<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>SDN (Software-Defined Networking &#8211; M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m)<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng nhau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cho m\u1ea1ng, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; border: 1px solid #dddddd;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background-color: #050a71; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #050a71; font-weight: bold;\">Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: #050a71; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #050a71; font-weight: bold;\">NFV (Network Functions Virtualization)<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: #050a71; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #050a71; font-weight: bold;\">SDN (Software-Defined Networking)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left; font-weight: bold;\">M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left;\">\u1ea2o h\u00f3a Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: Thay th\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (VNF).<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n M\u1ea1ng: T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (Control Plane) kh\u1ecfi l\u1edbp truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Plane).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left; font-weight: bold;\">Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left;\">T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng COTS \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left;\">T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn t\u1eadp trung, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left; font-weight: bold;\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left;\">VNF, NFVI, MANO.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left;\">B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n SDN (Controller), Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (Switch\/Router).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left; font-weight: bold;\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left;\">C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3o h\u00f3a? (Firewall, Router, EPC).<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: left;\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh? (\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n lu\u1ed3ng).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Moi-quan-he-Bo-sung-Synergy-giua-NFV-va-SDN\"><\/span>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 B\u1ed5 sung (Synergy) gi\u1eefa NFV v\u00e0 SDN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>NFV v\u00e0 SDN kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, hai c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>SDN h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 NFVI:<\/strong> SDN gi\u00fap NFVI (C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng <strong>NFV<\/strong>) qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c <strong>VNF<\/strong> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n SDN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c &#8220;l\u00e1t m\u1ea1ng&#8221; (network slice) \u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (QoS) cho t\u1eebng <strong>VNF<\/strong> kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>NFV mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho SDN:<\/strong> SDN c\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y. B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n SDN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t <strong>VNF<\/strong> tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng <strong>NFVI<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n SDN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac <strong>NFV<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, <strong>NFV<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng, c\u00f2n <strong>SDN<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 <strong>Telco Cloud<\/strong> v\u00e0 5G, \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 <strong>NFV v\u00e0 SDN<\/strong> song song.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_35200\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35200\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35200\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/NFV-va-SDN.jpg\" alt=\"NFV v\u00e0 SDN\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/NFV-va-SDN.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/NFV-va-SDN-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/NFV-va-SDN-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-35200\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">NFV v\u00e0 SDN<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>NFV<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m linh ho\u1ea1t, \u1ea3o h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a NFV g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a 5G, Cloud Native, v\u00e0 Containerization. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a NFV v\u1edbi c\u00e1c VNF ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n nh\u1edd c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MANO \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia IT, vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 NFV l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac NFV v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi SDN kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NFV (Network Functions Virtualization), hay \u1ea2o h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng (CSP) tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 VNF. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch NFV l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1ch<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":35201,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[151],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mang"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35182"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35302,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35182\/revisions\/35302"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}