{"id":33170,"date":"2025-09-17T10:04:19","date_gmt":"2025-09-17T03:04:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=33170"},"modified":"2025-09-18T16:24:22","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T09:24:22","slug":"transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Transport Layer (L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n) trong OIS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ed5ng quan A-Z"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Transport-Layer-la-gi\" >Transport Layer l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Chuc-nang-chinh-cua-lop-Transport-Layer-trong-mo-hinh-OSI\" >Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp Transport Layer trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Phan-doan-va-tai-hop-du-lieu-Segmentation-and-Reassembly\" >Ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00e1i h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Segmentation and Reassembly)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Danh-dia-chi-cong-Port-Addressing\" >\u0110\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed5ng (Port Addressing)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Ghep-kenh-va-tach-kenh-Multiplexing-and-Demultiplexing\" >Gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch k\u00eanh (Multiplexing and Demultiplexing)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Kiem-soat-luong-Flow-Control-va-kiem-soat-loi-Error-Control\" >Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng (Flow Control) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ed7i (Error Control)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Dam-bao-truyen-du-lieu-tin-cay-reliability\" >\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tin c\u1eady (reliability)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Tam-quan-trong-cua-Transport-Layer-trong-truyen-thong-mang\" >T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Transport Layer trong truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Vi-tri-cua-Transport-Layer-trong-mo-hinh-OSI\" >V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Transport Layer trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Qua-trinh-phan-manh-du-lieu-trong-Transport-Layer\" >Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong Transport Layer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Giao-thuc-chinh-cua-Transport-Layer-TCP-va-UDP\" >Giao th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Transport Layer: TCP v\u00e0 UDP<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Giao-thuc-TCP-Transmission-Control-Protocol\" >Giao th\u1ee9c TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Giao-thuc-UDP-User-Datagram-Protocol\" >Giao th\u1ee9c UDP (User Datagram Protocol)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Bang-so-sanh-chi-tiet-TCP-vs-UDP\" >B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft: TCP vs UDP<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Su-khac-biet-giua-Transport-Layer-va-cac-lop-khac\" >S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Transport Layer v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#So-sanh-voi-Lop-Mang-Network-Layer\" >So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi L\u1edbp M\u1ea1ng (Network Layer)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#So-sanh-voi-Lop-Phien-Session-Layer\" >So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi L\u1edbp Phi\u00ean (Session Layer)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Ung-dung-thuc-te-cua-Lop-van-chuyen\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#Co-che-kiem-tra-va-khac-phuc-loi-trong-Transport-Layer\" >C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c l\u1ed7i trong Transport Layer<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#1-Kiem-tra-tinh-toan-ven-cua-du-lieu\" >1. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/#2-Sua-loi-khi-truyen-tai\" >2. S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i khi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Khi b\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1edbt web, g\u1eedi email, hay xem video tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Transport Layer &#8211; L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI. InterData s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/\"><strong>Transport Layer l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong><\/a>, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Transport-Layer-la-gi\"><\/span>Transport Layer l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Transport Layer, l\u00e0 l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 7 t\u1ea7ng OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)<\/strong>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t nhanh, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33172\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33172\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33172\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Transport-Layer-la-gi.jpg\" alt=\"Transport Layer l\u00e0 g\u00ec\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Transport-Layer-la-gi.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Transport-Layer-la-gi-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Transport-Layer-la-gi-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33172\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Transport Layer l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb &#8220;end-to-end&#8221; (t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u00e1y g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn. Trong khi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (nh\u01b0 L\u1edbp M\u1ea1ng) ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a g\u00f3i tin t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c, L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean hai m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuc-nang-chinh-cua-lop-Transport-Layer-trong-mo-hinh-OSI\"><\/span>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp Transport Layer trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Transport Layer r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01a1n tru. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh sau:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan-doan-va-tai-hop-du-lieu-Segmentation-and-Reassembly\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00e1i h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Segmentation and Reassembly)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p video), L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ebd chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n (segments) nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. M\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Danh-dia-chi-cong-Port-Addressing\"><\/span>\u0110\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed5ng (Port Addressing)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 c\u1ed5ng (port) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho t\u1eebng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed5ng (port number) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed5ng 80 cho HTTP v\u00e0 443 cho HTTPS. Email d\u00f9ng c\u1ed5ng 25 cho SMTP.<\/p>\n<p>Khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn, L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng trong ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111ang ch\u1edd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00e0nh cho n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33173\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33173\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33173\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Chuc-nang-lop-Transport-Layer-.jpg\" alt=\"Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u1edbp Transport Layer\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Chuc-nang-lop-Transport-Layer-.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Chuc-nang-lop-Transport-Layer--300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Chuc-nang-lop-Transport-Layer--768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33173\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u1edbp Transport Layer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ghep-kenh-va-tach-kenh-Multiplexing-and-Demultiplexing\"><\/span>Gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch k\u00eanh (Multiplexing and Demultiplexing)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u00fap L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh (Multiplexing):<\/strong> Cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t. L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ebd th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00e1ch k\u00eanh (Demultiplexing):<\/strong> \u1ede m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn, L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ra v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ed5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kiem-soat-luong-Flow-Control-va-kiem-soat-loi-Error-Control\"><\/span>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng (Flow Control) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ed7i (Error Control)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng (Flow Control):<\/strong> Gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y g\u1eedi &#8220;\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o&#8221; m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 nhanh. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn, tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t g\u00f3i tin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ed7i (Error Control):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e1y g\u1eedi truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dam-bao-truyen-du-lieu-tin-cay-reliability\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tin c\u1eady (reliability)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c TCP. L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn (acknowledgements) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tam-quan-trong-cua-Transport-Layer-trong-truyen-thong-mang\"><\/span>T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Transport Layer trong truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>L\u1edbp Transport Layer<\/strong>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chat, game online \u0111\u1ebfn email \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem video m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1eadt lag qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p tin l\u1edbn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng lo thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t. L\u1edbp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi-tri-cua-Transport-Layer-trong-mo-hinh-OSI\"><\/span>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Transport Layer trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp 7 (Application):<\/strong> Giao di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web).<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp 6 (Presentation):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp 5 (Session):<\/strong> Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp 4 (Transport):<\/strong> <strong>L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/strong> \u2013 C\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa L\u1edbp phi\u00ean v\u00e0 L\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp 3 (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-layer-la-gi\/\">Network<\/a>):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn g\u00f3i tin qua c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp 2 (Data Link):<\/strong> G\u1eedi frame d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp 1 (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/physical-layer-la-gi\/\">Physical<\/a>):<\/strong> Truy\u1ec1n bit v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung gian&#8221; th\u00f4ng minh, nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi \u0111i qua m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33174\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33174\" style=\"width: 799px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-33174\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Vi-tri-lop-Transport-Layer-trong-OSI.webp\" alt=\"V\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1edbp Transport Layer trong OSI\" width=\"799\" height=\"862\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Vi-tri-lop-Transport-Layer-trong-OSI.webp 927w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Vi-tri-lop-Transport-Layer-trong-OSI-278x300.webp 278w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Vi-tri-lop-Transport-Layer-trong-OSI-768x828.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33174\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1edbp Transport Layer trong OSI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Qua-trinh-phan-manh-du-lieu-trong-Transport-Layer\"><\/span>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong Transport Layer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n (Transport Layer), d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i m\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n (segment) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. Khi c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111i t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch, l\u1edbp n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u201cc\u1eaft\u201d ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n header ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng: s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4ng theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, l\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ebd l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n theo \u0111\u00fang tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1eeba gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, v\u1eeba h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giao-thuc-chinh-cua-Transport-Layer-TCP-va-UDP\"><\/span>Giao th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Transport Layer: TCP v\u00e0 UDP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 hai giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, m\u1ed7i giao th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang: TCP v\u00e0 UDP.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giao-thuc-TCP-Transmission-Control-Protocol\"><\/span>Giao th\u1ee9c TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>TCP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c &#8220;c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;tin c\u1eady&#8221;. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, TCP s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ea3o gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y g\u1eedi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;Connection-Oriented&#8221;. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ba b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 &#8220;3-way handshake&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a TCP:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i tin b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, TCP s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. N\u1ebfu g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u1ebfn sai th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, TCP s\u1ebd s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng:<\/strong> Ng\u0103n m\u00e1y g\u1eedi tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao nh\u01b0 duy\u1ec7t web (HTTP), truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p (FTP), v\u00e0 g\u1eedi email (SMTP).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33175\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33175\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33175\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Giao-thuc-TCP-va-UDP-trong-Transport-Layer-.jpg\" alt=\"Giao th\u1ee9c TCP v\u00e0 UDP trong Transport Layer \" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Giao-thuc-TCP-va-UDP-trong-Transport-Layer-.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Giao-thuc-TCP-va-UDP-trong-Transport-Layer--300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Giao-thuc-TCP-va-UDP-trong-Transport-Layer--768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33175\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giao th\u1ee9c TCP v\u00e0 UDP trong Transport Layer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giao-thuc-UDP-User-Datagram-Protocol\"><\/span>Giao th\u1ee9c UDP (User Datagram Protocol)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, UDP l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c &#8220;nhanh nh\u1eb9n&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3&#8221;. UDP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ki\u1ec3u &#8220;Connectionless&#8221; (kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a UDP:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao:<\/strong> Nh\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1eaft tay hay ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ed7i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, UDP truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t nhanh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng tin c\u1eady:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. N\u1ebfu g\u00f3i tin b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, UDP s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n video tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, game online, VoIP (th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi qua internet).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bang-so-sanh-chi-tiet-TCP-vs-UDP\"><\/span>B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft: TCP vs UDP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft gi\u1eefa 2 giao th\u1ee9c TCP vs UDP:<\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; margin: 16px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; max-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; color: #212529; border: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.15);\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; background: #0d6efd; color: #ffffff; border-right: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12); text-align: center;\">Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; background: #0d6efd; color: #ffffff; border-right: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12); text-align: center;\">TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 16px; background: #0d6efd; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">UDP (User Datagram Protocol)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top; width: 30%;\">\u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">R\u1ea5t cao. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">Th\u1ea5p. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">H\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (Connection-Oriented). C\u00f3 &#8220;3-way handshake&#8221;.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">Kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (Connectionless). Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">Ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n do c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">R\u1ea5t nhanh do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ed7i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">TCP header: t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 20 bytes, t\u1ed1i \u0111a 60 bytes (t\u00f9y options)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00f3i tin nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n (8 bytes).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ed7i<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">C\u00f3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 g\u00f3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">Duy\u1ec7t web (HTTP), truy\u1ec1n file (FTP), email (SMTP), SSH.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.08); vertical-align: top;\">Truy\u1ec1n video\/audio tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, DNS, game online, VoIP.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su-khac-biet-giua-Transport-Layer-va-cac-lop-khac\"><\/span>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Transport Layer v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n <strong>Transport Layer l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong>, h\u00e3y xem c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi hai l\u1edbp li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So-sanh-voi-Lop-Mang-Network-Layer\"><\/span><strong>So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi L\u1edbp M\u1ea1ng (Network Layer)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>L\u1edbp M\u1ea1ng (L\u1edbp 3) ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn g\u00f3i tin t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n (L\u1edbp 4) l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng). L\u1edbp M\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn &#8220;\u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn&#8221; (\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh), trong khi L\u1edbp V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn &#8220;c\u0103n h\u1ed9&#8221; (s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So-sanh-voi-Lop-Phien-Session-Layer\"><\/span><strong>So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi L\u1edbp Phi\u00ean (Session Layer)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>L\u1edbp Phi\u00ean (L\u1edbp 5) qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c phi\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa hai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t website, L\u1edbp Phi\u00ean s\u1ebd qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3. L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho phi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. L\u1edbp Phi\u00ean lo v\u1ec1 &#8220;cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i&#8221;, c\u00f2n L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n lo v\u1ec1 &#8220;vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n th\u01b0&#8221; trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung-dung-thuc-te-cua-Lop-van-chuyen\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ea1i InterData, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Duy\u1ec7t web (HTTP\/HTTPS):<\/strong> Khi b\u1ea1n truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trang web, tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TCP. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a trang web, t\u1eeb v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Truy\u1ec1n file (FTP):<\/strong> Khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t file t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, giao th\u1ee9c FTP s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TCP. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o file t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 byte n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Video tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn (Live Streaming):<\/strong> C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t video tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 YouTube Live th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UDP. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i khung h\u00ecnh b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 video.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Game online:<\/strong> H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c game online t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UDP. Trong game, vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n. M\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i g\u00f3i tin s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eadt nh\u1eb9 (lag) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m s\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng TCP, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ch\u01a1i game s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t t\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>VoIP (Voice over IP):<\/strong> C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi qua internet (Skype, Zalo, Discord) th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UDP \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i. M\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 cao s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co-che-kiem-tra-va-khac-phuc-loi-trong-Transport-Layer\"><\/span>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c l\u1ed7i trong Transport Layer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, l\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady khi truy\u1ec1n qua m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Kiem-tra-tinh-toan-ven-cua-du-lieu\"><\/span>1. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi \u0111i, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn th\u00eam <strong>th\u00f4ng tin ki\u1ec3m tra (checksum ho\u1eb7c CRC)<\/strong>. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i dung ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i checksum d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-Sua-loi-khi-truyen-tai\"><\/span>2. S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i khi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t g\u00f3i, l\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1edbi giao th\u1ee9c <strong>TCP<\/strong>, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1eedi truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ecfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giao th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 <strong>ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest)<\/strong>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u1edd c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y, l\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi \u0111\u1ebfn tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn v\u1eabn <strong>\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/strong> nh\u01b0 l\u00fac xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n (Transport Layer) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa TCP v\u00e0 UDP, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c IT.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Khi b\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1edbt web, g\u1eedi email, hay xem video tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Transport Layer &#8211; L\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":33176,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[151],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mang"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33170"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33203,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33170\/revisions\/33203"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}