{"id":32921,"date":"2025-09-04T15:38:34","date_gmt":"2025-09-04T08:38:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=32921"},"modified":"2025-09-04T15:41:49","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T08:41:49","slug":"mo-hinh-osi-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch 7 t\u1ea7ng OSI, V\u00ed d\u1ee5 &#038; so s\u00e1nh TCP\/IP"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Mo-hinh-OSI-la-gi\" >M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Tai-sao-can-mo-hinh-OSI\" >T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Chuan-hoa-giao-tiep\" >Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a giao ti\u1ebfp<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Ho-tro-dao-tao-va-nghien-cuu\" >H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Giai-quyet-su-co-hieu-qua\" >Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Ho-tro-phat-trien-phan-cung-va-phan-mem\" >H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#7-tang-cua-mo-hinh-OSI-va-chuc-nang-tung-tang\" >7 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Tang-7-%E2%80%93-Tang-Ung-dung-Application-Layer\" >T\u1ea7ng 7 &#8211; T\u1ea7ng \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng (Application Layer)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Tang-6-%E2%80%93-Tang-Trinh-bay-Presentation-Layer\" >T\u1ea7ng 6 &#8211; T\u1ea7ng Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y (Presentation Layer)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Tang-5-%E2%80%93-Tang-Phien-Session-Layer\" >T\u1ea7ng 5 &#8211; T\u1ea7ng Phi\u00ean (Session Layer)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Tang-4-%E2%80%93-Tang-Giao-van-Transport-Layer\" >T\u1ea7ng 4 &#8211; T\u1ea7ng Giao v\u1eadn (Transport Layer)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Tang-3-%E2%80%93-Tang-Mang-Network-Layer\" >T\u1ea7ng 3 &#8211; T\u1ea7ng M\u1ea1ng (Network Layer)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Tang-2-%E2%80%93-Tang-Lien-ket-du-lieu-Data-Link-Layer\" >T\u1ea7ng 2 &#8211; T\u1ea7ng Li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Link Layer)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Tang-1-%E2%80%93-Tang-Vat-ly-Physical-Layer\" >T\u1ea7ng 1 &#8211; T\u1ea7ng V\u1eadt l\u00fd (Physical Layer)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Quy-trinh-hoat-dong-cua-mo-hinh-OSI\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Qua-trinh-xu-ly-du-lieu-tai-may-gui\" >Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i m\u00e1y g\u1eedi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Qua-trinh-xu-ly-du-lieu-tai-may-nhan\" >Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Cac-giao-thuc-trong-mo-hinh-OSI\" >C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Giao-thuc-huong-lien-ket-Connection-Oriented\" >Giao th\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edbng li\u00ean k\u1ebft (Connection-Oriented)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Giao-thuc-khong-lien-ket-Connectionless\" >Giao th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft (Connectionless)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Mo-hinh-thay-the-OSI-pho-bien-nhat\" >M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thay th\u1ebf OSI ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Mo-hinh-TCPIP\" >M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Ghi-chu-ve-cac-mo-hinh-va-giao-thuc-doc-quyen\" >Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#So-sanh-mo-hinh-OSI-va-mo-hinh-TCPIP\" >So s\u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Vi-du-thuc-te-mo-hinh-OSI-trong-doi-song\" >V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Uu-diem-va-han-che-cua-mo-hinh-OSI\" >\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Uu-diem\" >\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Han-che\" >H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Ung-dung-thuc-te-cua-mo-hinh-OSI\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Thiet-ke-va-trien-khai-mang\" >Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Giai-quyet-su-co-mang\" >Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Phat-trien-giao-thuc-mang\" >Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Dao-tao-va-giao-duc\" >\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Danh-gia-hieu-suat-va-bao-mat-mang\" >\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Lam-viec-voi-doi-tac-va-chuan-hoa-ky-thuat\" >L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Cach-hoc-va-ghi-nho-7-tang-cua-mo-hinh-OSI-hieu-qua\" >C\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb 7 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Cau-hoi-thuong-gap-ve-mo-hinh-OSI\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Tai-sao-mo-hinh-OSI-co-7-tang-ma-TCPIP-chi-co-4\" >T\u1ea1i sao m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI c\u00f3 7 t\u1ea7ng m\u00e0 TCP\/IP ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 4?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/#Mo-hinh-nao-duoc-su-dung-pho-bien-hon\" >M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, vi\u1ec7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y sang m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a b\u1edfi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI (Open Systems Interconnection). B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/\">m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a><\/strong>, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a 7 t\u1ea7ng OSI, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/\">TCP\/IP<\/a> v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mo-hinh-OSI-la-gi\"><\/span>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/strong> (<strong>Open Systems Interconnection<\/strong>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ISO) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970\u20131980; chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chung \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hay ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32923\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32923\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32923\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mo-hinh-OSI-la-gi.jpg\" alt=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mo-hinh-OSI-la-gi.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mo-hinh-OSI-la-gi-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mo-hinh-OSI-la-gi-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32923\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc giao ti\u1ebfp, khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u00e2n theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc, vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh 7 t\u1ea7ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai-sao-can-mo-hinh-OSI\"><\/span>T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuan-hoa-giao-tiep\"><\/span><strong>Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a giao ti\u1ebfp<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI, c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng kh\u00e1c. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung cho m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ho-tro-dao-tao-va-nghien-cuu\"><\/span><strong>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, thay v\u00ec h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai-quyet-su-co-hieu-qua\"><\/span><strong>Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI \u0111\u1ec3 khoanh v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu website kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng (t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/application-layer-la-gi\/\">t\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a>) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ho-tro-phat-trien-phan-cung-va-phan-mem\"><\/span><strong>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7-tang-cua-mo-hinh-OSI-va-chuc-nang-tung-tang\"><\/span>7 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI g\u1ed3m 7 t\u1ea7ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 1 (t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng) \u0111\u1ebfn 7 (t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng). D\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng 7 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7ng 1 khi g\u1eedi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i khi nh\u1eadn. 7 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh osi l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tang-7-%E2%80%93-Tang-Ung-dung-Application-Layer\"><\/span><strong>T\u1ea7ng 7 &#8211; T\u1ea7ng \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng (Application Layer)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. T\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cung c\u1ea5p giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 duy\u1ec7t web, g\u1eedi email, truy\u1ec1n file.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 <strong>HTTP<\/strong> (duy\u1ec7t web), <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/\">FTP<\/a><\/strong> (truy\u1ec1n file), <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/smtp-la-gi\/\">SMTP<\/a><\/strong> (g\u1eedi email). Khi b\u1ea1n g\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/page-la-gi\/\">trang web<\/a>, t\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tang-6-%E2%80%93-Tang-Trinh-bay-Presentation-Layer\"><\/span><strong>T\u1ea7ng 6 &#8211; T\u1ea7ng Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y (Presentation Layer)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/presentation-layer-la-gi\/\">T\u1ea7ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y<\/a> c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 &#8220;d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3&#8221; cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng chung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea7ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> M\u00e3 h\u00f3a, n\u00e9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Khi b\u1ea1n m\u1edf m\u1ed9t file \u1ea3nh <strong>JPEG<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c video <strong>MPEG<\/strong>, t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tang-5-%E2%80%93-Tang-Phien-Session-Layer\"><\/span><strong>T\u1ea7ng 5 &#8211; T\u1ea7ng Phi\u00ean (Session Layer)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>T\u1ea7ng phi\u00ean ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00e1c phi\u00ean giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: khi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u1ecdi video call, t\u1ea7ng phi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Giao th\u1ee9c <strong>RPC (Remote Procedure Call)<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32924\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32924\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32924\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/7-tang-cua-mo-hinh-OSI-va-chuc-nang-tung-tang.jpg\" alt=\"7 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/7-tang-cua-mo-hinh-OSI-va-chuc-nang-tung-tang.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/7-tang-cua-mo-hinh-OSI-va-chuc-nang-tung-tang-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/7-tang-cua-mo-hinh-OSI-va-chuc-nang-tung-tang-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32924\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">7 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tang-4-%E2%80%93-Tang-Giao-van-Transport-Layer\"><\/span><strong>T\u1ea7ng 4 &#8211; T\u1ea7ng Giao v\u1eadn (Transport Layer)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>T\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Open Systems Interconnection. T\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/big-data-la-gi\/\">d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn<\/a> th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Hai giao th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 <strong>TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>UDP (User Datagram Protocol)<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>TCP<\/strong> \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n, d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao nh\u01b0 g\u1eedi email, duy\u1ec7t web.<\/li>\n<li><strong>UDP<\/strong> nhanh h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng cho video streaming, game online.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tang-3-%E2%80%93-Tang-Mang-Network-Layer\"><\/span><strong>T\u1ea7ng 3 &#8211; T\u1ea7ng M\u1ea1ng (Network Layer)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>T\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. T\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 <strong>IP (Internet Protocol)<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 logic c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 <strong>router<\/strong> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0u t\u00e1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi, router s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/\">\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tang-2-%E2%80%93-Tang-Lien-ket-du-lieu-Data-Link-Layer\"><\/span><strong>T\u1ea7ng 2 &#8211; T\u1ea7ng Li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Link Layer)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/data-link-layer-la-gi\/\">T\u1ea7ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a> qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> Chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khung (<strong>frame<\/strong>). T\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 <strong>MAC (Media Access Control)<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt l\u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed7i card m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 <strong>switch<\/strong> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng LAN giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tang-1-%E2%80%93-Tang-Vat-ly-Physical-Layer\"><\/span><strong>T\u1ea7ng 1 &#8211; T\u1ea7ng V\u1eadt l\u00fd (Physical Layer)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c bit d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (d\u1ea1ng 0 v\u00e0 1) qua m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 c\u00e1p Ethernet, s\u00f3ng Wi-Fi, hub v\u00e0 repeater ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy-trinh-hoat-dong-cua-mo-hinh-OSI\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a OSI bao g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n: c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1edf m\u00e1y g\u1eedi v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn, gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u1edf m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Qua-trinh-xu-ly-du-lieu-tai-may-gui\"><\/span>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i m\u00e1y g\u1eedi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ede <strong>t\u1ea7ng 7 \u2013 Application<\/strong>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>Sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng <strong>t\u1ea7ng 6 \u2013 Presentation<\/strong>, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n v\u00e0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li>Khi \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a xong, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi xu\u1ed1ng <strong>t\u1ea7ng 5 \u2013 Session<\/strong>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u1ebfp theo, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn <strong>t\u1ea7ng 4 \u2013 Transport<\/strong>. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 g\u1eafn k\u00e8m th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<li>\u1ede <strong>t\u1ea7ng 3 \u2013 Network<\/strong>, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c packet (g\u00f3i tin). C\u00e1c packet s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 g\u1eedi \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li>Khi \u0111\u1ebfn <strong>t\u1ea7ng 2 \u2013 Data Link<\/strong>, m\u1ed7i packet l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n th\u00e0nh frame. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 khi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u1edf <strong>t\u1ea7ng 1 \u2013 Physical<\/strong>, frame \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i bit nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i qua m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y c\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u quang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn th\u00eam <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/header-la-gi\/\">header<\/a><\/strong> \u1edf m\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng. Ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i t\u1ea7ng 2, ngo\u00e0i header, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam FCS \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Qua-trinh-xu-ly-du-lieu-tai-may-nhan\"><\/span>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u00e1y g\u1eedi tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0111i v\u00e0o <strong>t\u1ea7ng 1 \u2013 Physical<\/strong> c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/bo-nho-dem-la-gi\/\">b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m<\/a> d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng bit nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean t\u1ea7ng 2 k\u00e8m th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u201c\u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ebfn <strong>t\u1ea7ng 2 \u2013 Data Link<\/strong>, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m tra FCS \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, frame s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Ti\u1ebfp theo, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi <strong>\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u00edch. N\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, header c\u1ee7a Data Link s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean t\u1ea7ng 3.<\/li>\n<li>\u1ede <strong>t\u1ea7ng 3 \u2013 Network<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp, g\u00f3i tin s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf header c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng Network tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean t\u1ea7ng 4.<\/li>\n<li>Khi \u0111\u1ebfn <strong>t\u1ea7ng 4 \u2013 Transport<\/strong>, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ed7i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin ACK ho\u1eb7c NAK. Nh\u1eefng g\u00f3i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i xem d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i hay ch\u01b0a. Sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean t\u1ea7ng 5.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea1i <strong>t\u1ea7ng 5 \u2013 Session<\/strong>, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u00e1y g\u1eedi c\u00f3 c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, header c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng Session \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<li>\u1ede <strong>t\u1ea7ng 6 \u2013 Presentation<\/strong>, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang ki\u1ec3u ban \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e0n giao l\u00ean t\u1ea7ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, <strong>t\u1ea7ng 7 \u2013 Application<\/strong> ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi header c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-giao-thuc-trong-mo-hinh-OSI\"><\/span>C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI, giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 2 giao th\u1ee9c: <strong>giao th\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edbng li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>giao th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giao-thuc-huong-lien-ket-Connection-Oriented\"><\/span>Giao th\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edbng li\u00ean k\u1ebft (Connection-Oriented)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u1ede lo\u1ea1i giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t <strong>li\u00ean k\u1ebft logic chung<\/strong>. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tham-so-parameter-la-gi\/\">tham s\u1ed1<\/a> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1eaft nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf li\u00ean k\u1ebft khi c\u1ea7n. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft logic gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao <strong>t\u00ednh tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n<\/strong> trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giao-thuc-khong-lien-ket-Connectionless\"><\/span>Giao th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft (Connectionless)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>V\u1edbi giao th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mo-hinh-thay-the-OSI-pho-bien-nhat\"><\/span>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thay th\u1ebf OSI ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Trong khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, th\u00ec <strong>m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP<\/strong> l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng internet v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mo-hinh-TCPIP\"><\/span>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi 5 l\u1edbp:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u1edbp v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/li>\n<li>L\u1edbp li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<li>L\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng<\/li>\n<li>L\u1edbp truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<li>L\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Open Systems Interconnection, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 trong TCP\/IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 <strong>s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n<\/strong>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c internet.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ghi-chu-ve-cac-mo-hinh-va-giao-thuc-doc-quyen\"><\/span>Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00fang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI hay TCP\/IP. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tuy v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng <strong>ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n<\/strong> nh\u1eb1m d\u00f9ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So-sanh-mo-hinh-OSI-va-mo-hinh-TCPIP\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean internet. Trong khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa 2 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #0D6EFD; color: #fff; padding: 12px 10px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD; text-align: left;\">Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #0D6EFD; color: #fff; padding: 12px 10px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD; text-align: left;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #0D6EFD; color: #fff; padding: 12px 10px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD; text-align: left;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #e6eefb; vertical-align: top; width: 25%;\">S\u1ed1 t\u1ea7ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #e6eefb; vertical-align: top;\">7 t\u1ea7ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #e6eefb; vertical-align: top;\">4 t\u1ea7ng (ho\u1eb7c 5 t\u1ea7ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #e6eefb; vertical-align: top;\">\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #e6eefb; vertical-align: top;\">Chi ti\u1ebft, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #e6eefb; vertical-align: top;\">\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #e6eefb; vertical-align: top;\">T\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #e6eefb; vertical-align: top;\">L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #e6eefb; vertical-align: top;\">Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean Internet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #e6eefb; vertical-align: top;\">C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #e6eefb; vertical-align: top;\">T\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, T\u1ea7ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, T\u1ea7ng phi\u00ean, T\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn, T\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng, T\u1ea7ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, T\u1ea7ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #e6eefb; vertical-align: top;\">T\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, T\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn, T\u1ea7ng Internet (m\u1ea1ng), T\u1ea7ng truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch g\u1ed9p c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP g\u1ed9p t\u1ea7ng 5, 6, 7 c\u1ee7a OSI v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng duy nh\u1ea5t (t\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng). Do \u0111\u00f3, TCP\/IP \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 tri\u1ec3n khai h\u01a1n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32926\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32926\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32926\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/So-sanh-mo-hinh-OSI-va-mo-hinh-TCPIP.jpg\" alt=\"So s\u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP,IP\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/So-sanh-mo-hinh-OSI-va-mo-hinh-TCPIP.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/So-sanh-mo-hinh-OSI-va-mo-hinh-TCPIP-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/So-sanh-mo-hinh-OSI-va-mo-hinh-TCPIP-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32926\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">So s\u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP,IP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi-du-thuc-te-mo-hinh-OSI-trong-doi-song\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: b\u1ea1n g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t email t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh A \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh B.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea7ng 7 (\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng):<\/strong> B\u1ea1n g\u00f5 email v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat &#8220;G\u1eedi&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea7ng 6 (Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y):<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u email \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n v\u00e0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea7ng 5 (Phi\u00ean):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t phi\u00ean giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/may-chu-server-la-gi\/\">m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/a> email c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 email c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea7ng 4 (Giao v\u1eadn):<\/strong> To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 email \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 g\u00e1n s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea7ng 3 (M\u1ea1ng):<\/strong> C\u00e1c g\u00f3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c router \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00ean internet.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea7ng 2 (Li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u):<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khung, g\u1eedi t\u1eeb router n\u00e0y sang router kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea7ng 1 (V\u1eadt l\u00fd):<\/strong> C\u00e1c khung d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1p quang ho\u1eb7c s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh B, quy tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng 1 l\u00ean t\u1ea7ng 7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3, n\u00e9n, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c email.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uu-diem-va-han-che-cua-mo-hinh-OSI\"><\/span>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uu-diem\"><\/span>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng, gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n chia m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh 7 t\u1ea7ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thay th\u1ebf giao th\u1ee9c trong t\u1eebng l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32925\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32925\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32925\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Uu-diem-va-han-che-cua-mo-hinh-OSI.jpg\" alt=\"\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Uu-diem-va-han-che-cua-mo-hinh-OSI.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Uu-diem-va-han-che-cua-mo-hinh-OSI-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Uu-diem-va-han-che-cua-mo-hinh-OSI-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32925\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Han-che\"><\/span>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP do t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7ng phi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong m\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n chi ph\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian khi tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 7 t\u1ea7ng.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng do t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, n\u00f3 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay, n\u01a1i TCP\/IP chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung-dung-thuc-te-cua-mo-hinh-OSI\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thiet-ke-va-trien-khai-mang\"><\/span>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Open Systems Interconnection cung c\u1ea5p khung c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng theo t\u1eebng l\u1edbp, gi\u00fap l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn giao th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng l\u1edbp, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai-quyet-su-co-mang\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ea7ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i hay \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng) \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, t\u1eeb ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phat-trien-giao-thuc-mang\"><\/span>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng l\u1edbp trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI, gi\u00fap chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dao-tao-va-giao-duc\"><\/span>\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>OSI l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Danh-gia-hieu-suat-va-bao-mat-mang\"><\/span>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1i t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ddos-la-gi\/\">DDoS<\/a> tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam-viec-voi-doi-tac-va-chuan-hoa-ky-thuat\"><\/span>L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>OSI l\u00e0m khung tham chi\u1ebfu gi\u00fap chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a giao ti\u1ebfp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3m m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, tri\u1ec3n khai, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach-hoc-va-ghi-nho-7-tang-cua-mo-hinh-OSI-hieu-qua\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb 7 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb9o h\u1eefu \u00edch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u nh\u1edb m\u1eb9o<\/strong>: T\u1ea1o c\u00e2u mnemonics d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: &#8220;Anh Ph\u1ea3i S\u1ed1ng Trong M\u00e0n Nh\u00e0 M\u1edbi \u1ea4m&#8221; \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 7 t\u1ea7ng Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng<\/strong>: Thay v\u00ec h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng, n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng khi c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u00ecnh dung theo v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong>: Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ea7ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, t\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m email.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp qua th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/strong>: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u0111i qua c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng, quan s\u00e1t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp li\u00ean quan gi\u00fap ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111a gi\u00e1c quan<\/strong>: K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft, nghe (video h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng), v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ghi nh\u1edb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e2u nh\u1edb m\u1eb9o l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00ec gi\u00fap ghi nh\u1edb th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nhanh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau-hoi-thuong-gap-ve-mo-hinh-OSI\"><\/span>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai-sao-mo-hinh-OSI-co-7-tang-ma-TCPIP-chi-co-4\"><\/span><strong>T\u1ea1i sao m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI c\u00f3 7 t\u1ea7ng m\u00e0 TCP\/IP ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 4?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP ra \u0111\u1eddi sau v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u00f3 g\u1ed9p c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng, T\u1ea7ng Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 T\u1ea7ng Phi\u00ean c\u1ee7a OSI v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng duy nh\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;T\u1ea7ng \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mo-hinh-nao-duoc-su-dung-pho-bien-hon\"><\/span><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 internet. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trang b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>InterData <\/strong>hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eebng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, vi\u1ec7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y sang m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a b\u1edfi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI (Open Systems Interconnection). B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":32927,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[151],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mang"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32921"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32931,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32921\/revisions\/32931"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}