{"id":32485,"date":"2025-08-12T09:49:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T02:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=32485"},"modified":"2025-08-12T09:49:00","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T02:49:00","slug":"tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i, V\u00ed d\u1ee5 &#038; C\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Tan-cong-Zero-Day-la-gi\" >T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Lo-hong-Zero-Day-la-gi\" >L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Muc-tieu-cua-cac-cuoc-tan-cong-Zero-Day\" >M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Du-lieu-ca-nhan-va-tai-chinh\" >D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Tai-san-tri-tue-cua-doanh-nghiep\" >T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Co-so-ha-tang-quan-trong-cua-chinh-phu\" >C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Co-che-tan-cong-Zero-Day-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\" >C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Ai-la-nguoi-thuc-hien-tan-cong-Zero-Day\" >Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Tin-tac-mu-den-Black-Hat-Hackers\" >Tin t\u1eb7c m\u0169 \u0111en (Black-Hat Hackers)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Nhom-tin-tac-duoc-nha-nuoc-hau-thuan-State-Sponsored-Hackers\" >Nh\u00f3m tin t\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn (State-Sponsored Hackers)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Cac-chuyen-gia-an-ninh-mang-mu-trang-White-Hat-Hackers\" >C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia an ninh m\u1ea1ng m\u0169 tr\u1eafng (White-Hat Hackers)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Cac-cong-ty-buon-ban-lo-hong\" >C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Tac-hai-cua-Zero-Day\" >T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Zero-Day<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Thiet-hai-tai-chinh\" >Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Mat-uy-tin-va-long-tin-cua-khach-hang\" >M\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Nguy-co-gian-diep-va-an-ninh-quoc-gia\" >Nguy c\u01a1 gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u00e0 an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Vi-du-ve-cac-cuoc-tan-cong-Zero-day\" >V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-day<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Stuxnet\" >Stuxnet<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Log4Shell\" >Log4Shell<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Cac-cuoc-tan-cong-Chrome-nam-2022\" >C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Chrome n\u0103m 2022<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/#Cac-phuong-phap-phong-chong-va-bao-ve-khoi-tan-cong-Zero-Day\" >C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n v\u00e1, cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f9ng InterData t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<strong> c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>, <strong>t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i<\/strong>, <strong>c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong> lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tan-cong-Zero-Day-la-gi\"><\/span>T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tan-cong-zero-day-la-gi\/\"><strong>T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day<\/strong><\/a> l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt (vulnerability) trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n v\u00e1. L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb &#8220;Zero-Day&#8221; \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian &#8220;kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y&#8221; (zero days) m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32487\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32487\" style=\"width: 728px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32487\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Tan-cong-Zero-Day-la-gi.jpg\" alt=\"T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day l\u00e0 g\u00ec\" width=\"728\" height=\"481\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Tan-cong-Zero-Day-la-gi.jpg 728w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Tan-cong-Zero-Day-la-gi-300x198.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32487\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Khi k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c (exploit) \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00f3. Do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n v\u00e1, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lo-hong-Zero-Day-la-gi\"><\/span>L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day<\/strong> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu trong code, cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebd h\u1edf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o, t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh (Windows, macOS) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web (Chrome, Firefox), c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng (Microsoft Office) hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 firmware c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb IoT.<\/p>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan (nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng ty an ninh m\u1ea1ng) s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Muc-tieu-cua-cac-cuoc-tan-cong-Zero-Day\"><\/span>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Du-lieu-ca-nhan-va-tai-chinh\"><\/span>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 <strong>\u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m<\/strong> nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecbnh danh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (PII). T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, s\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day trong m\u1ed9t trang web th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, l\u1ea5y \u0111i h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng tin thanh to\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32488\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32488\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32488\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Muc-tieu-cua-cac-cuoc-tan-cong-Zero-Day.jpg\" alt=\"M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Muc-tieu-cua-cac-cuoc-tan-cong-Zero-Day.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Muc-tieu-cua-cac-cuoc-tan-cong-Zero-Day-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Muc-tieu-cua-cac-cuoc-tan-cong-Zero-Day-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32488\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai-san-tri-tue-cua-doanh-nghiep\"><\/span>T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day. K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c <strong>b\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n cho \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh vi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tin t\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t &#8220;ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a v\u00e0ng&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co-so-ha-tang-quan-trong-cua-chinh-phu\"><\/span>C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o<strong> c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia<\/strong> nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1edbn. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Stuxnet, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i worm m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Iran. Stuxnet \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e2y lan v\u00e0 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co-che-tan-cong-Zero-Day-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\"><\/span>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u00ean ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n v\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>Khi l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi tin t\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt hay ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n (ng\u00e0y zero), tin t\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c (exploit) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e1 l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 email gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o (phishing), tin nh\u1eafn l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o, ho\u1eb7c trang web \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf t\u1eadp tin ch\u1ee9a m\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n do l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng khai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00e1 l\u1ed7i, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tin t\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ai-la-nguoi-thuc-hien-tan-cong-Zero-Day\"><\/span>Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng khai th\u00e1c Zero-Day r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tin-tac-mu-den-Black-Hat-Hackers\"><\/span>Tin t\u1eb7c m\u0169 \u0111en (Black-Hat Hackers)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tin t\u1eb7c m\u0169 \u0111en l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u1ea5u, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp khai th\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhom-tin-tac-duoc-nha-nuoc-hau-thuan-State-Sponsored-Hackers\"><\/span>Nh\u00f3m tin t\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn (State-Sponsored Hackers)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tin t\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u1ea1ng. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32489\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32489\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32489\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Ai-la-nguoi-thuc-hien-tan-cong-Zero-Day.jpg\" alt=\"Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Ai-la-nguoi-thuc-hien-tan-cong-Zero-Day.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Ai-la-nguoi-thuc-hien-tan-cong-Zero-Day-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Ai-la-nguoi-thuc-hien-tan-cong-Zero-Day-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32489\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-chuyen-gia-an-ninh-mang-mu-trang-White-Hat-Hackers\"><\/span>C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia an ninh m\u1ea1ng m\u0169 tr\u1eafng (White-Hat Hackers)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi tin t\u1eb7c m\u0169 \u0111en, c\u00e1c hacker m\u0169 tr\u1eafng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an ninh m\u1ea1ng, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd v\u00e1 l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-cong-ty-buon-ban-lo-hong\"><\/span>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p mua v\u00e0 b\u00e1n th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Zero-Day, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tac-hai-cua-Zero-Day\"><\/span>T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Zero-Day<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t uy t\u00edn.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thiet-hai-tai-chinh\"><\/span>Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u1edbn. Chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mat-uy-tin-va-long-tin-cua-khach-hang\"><\/span>M\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 doanh thu.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguy-co-gian-diep-va-an-ninh-quoc-gia\"><\/span>Nguy c\u01a1 gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u00e0 an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp b\u00ed m\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda an ninh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi-du-ve-cac-cuoc-tan-cong-Zero-day\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-day<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stuxnet\"><\/span>Stuxnet<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Stuxnet l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u00e2u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tinh vi, khai th\u00e1c b\u1ed1n l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt zero-day kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Microsoft Windows. N\u0103m 2010, Stuxnet \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Iran.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, s\u00e2u n\u00e0y g\u1eedi c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y ly t\u00e2m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u uranium. C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ly t\u00e2m quay v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, Stuxnet \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y 1.000 m\u00e1y ly t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Israel \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra Stuxnet, nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Log4Shell\"><\/span>Log4Shell<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Log4Shell l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng zero-day trong Log4J, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Java m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i. K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Log4Shell \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb xa h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o ch\u1ea1y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Java.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec Log4J \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Apple iCloud v\u00e0 Minecraft, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) c\u1ee7a MITRE \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp Log4Shell \u1edf m\u1ee9c r\u1ee7i ro cao nh\u1ea5t, 10\/10 \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Log4Shell \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2013, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2021 k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e1 ngay sau khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ghi nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n 100 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng Log4Shell m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-cuoc-tan-cong-Chrome-nam-2022\"><\/span>C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Chrome n\u0103m 2022<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2022, tin t\u1eb7c Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng zero-day cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c thi m\u00e3 t\u1eeb xa trong tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t Google Chrome. Ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng email l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o (phishing) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trang web gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 khai th\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng Chrome nh\u1eb1m c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb xa v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e1 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng tin t\u1eb7c che gi\u1ea5u d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft r\u1ea5t k\u1ef9, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-phuong-phap-phong-chong-va-bao-ve-khoi-tan-cong-Zero-Day\"><\/span>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro, v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u00e1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt s\u1ebd s\u1eeda c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng zero-day khi c\u00f3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp (IDS\/IPS)<\/strong>: IDS gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea3 nghi trong khi IPS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, gi\u00fap h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng zero-day.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y<\/strong>: Gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda zero-day m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u00e9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap r\u00e0 so\u00e1t, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng (NAC)<\/strong>: T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u1ea3m lan truy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7i ro.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m di\u1ec7t virus c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh vi<\/strong>: Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 virus \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n virus m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c malware ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch ly v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng zero-day v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1, tr\u00e1nh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi m\u1ea1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sao l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3<\/strong>: Gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ransomware ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u do khai th\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng zero-day.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32490\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32490\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32490\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Cac-phuong-phap-phong-chong-va-bao-ve-khoi-tan-cong-Zero-Day.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Cac-phuong-phap-phong-chong-va-bao-ve-khoi-tan-cong-Zero-Day.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Cac-phuong-phap-phong-chong-va-bao-ve-khoi-tan-cong-Zero-Day-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Cac-phuong-phap-phong-chong-va-bao-ve-khoi-tan-cong-Zero-Day-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32490\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng zero-day, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111a l\u1edbp, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt trong to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 an ninh m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n v\u00e1, cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f9ng InterData t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-Day l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":32491,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bao-mat-an-ninh-mang"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32485"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32485\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32492,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32485\/revisions\/32492"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32491"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32485"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}