{"id":32348,"date":"2025-08-24T15:19:14","date_gmt":"2025-08-24T08:19:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=32348"},"modified":"2025-08-28T17:50:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-28T10:50:05","slug":"giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Vai tr\u00f2, C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng &#038; \u01afu, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#Giao-thuc-TCPIP-la-gi\" >Giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#Vai-tro-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP\" >Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#TCP-va-IP-khac-nhau-nhu-the-nao\" >TCP v\u00e0 IP kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#TCP\" >TCP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#IP\" >IP<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#TCPIP-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\" >TCP\/IP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#Cac-tang-trong-mo-hinh-TCPIP\" >C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#Tang-1-Tang-Truy-cap-mang-Network-Access-Layer\" >T\u1ea7ng 1: T\u1ea7ng Truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng (Network Access Layer)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#Tang-2-Tang-Internet-Internet-Layer\" >T\u1ea7ng 2: T\u1ea7ng Internet (Internet Layer)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#Tang-3-Tang-Giao-van-Transport-Layer\" >T\u1ea7ng 3: T\u1ea7ng Giao v\u1eadn (Transport Layer)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#Tang-4-Tang-Ung-dung-Application-Layer\" >T\u1ea7ng 4: T\u1ea7ng \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng (Application Layer)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#Uu-diem-va-nhuoc-diem-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP\" >\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#Uu-diem-cua-TCPIP\" >\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a TCP\/IP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#Nhuoc-diem-cua-TCPIP\" >Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a TCP\/IP<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#Cac-ung-dung-tieu-bieu-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP\" >C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#1-Truyen-tai-tep-tin-File-Transfer\" >1. Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i t\u1ec7p tin (File Transfer)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#2-Gui-va-nhan-email\" >2. G\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn email<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#3-Chia-se-hinh-anh\" >3. Chia s\u1ebb h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#4-Phan-phoi-noi-dung-web\" >4. Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i dung web<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#5-Truy-cap-may-chu-tu-xa\" >5. Truy c\u1eadp m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb xa<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#Cac-giao-thuc-mang-pho-bien-lien-quan-den-TCPIP\" >C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn TCP\/IP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/#So-sanh-mo-hinh-TCPIP-va-mo-hinh-OSI\" >So s\u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP (Transmission Control Protocol\/Internet Protocol) l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp website, g\u1eedi email cho \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. V\u1eady giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec, \u01b0u &#8211; nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra sao v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0o? Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, c\u00f9ng InterData t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giao-thuc-TCPIP-la-gi\"><\/span>Giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP (Transmission Control\u00a0Protocol\/Internet Protocol)<\/strong> l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c\u00a0c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u00fap k\u1ebft\u00a0n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n\u00a0t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa\u00a0c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\u00a0tr\u00ean Internet\u00a0ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i\u00a0b\u1ed9. TCP\/IP \u0111\u1ea3m\u00a0b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf\u00a0th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i (packet), \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0tuy\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0\u00a0gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00e1ch tin c\u1eady t\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3, IP ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin qua m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00edch, c\u00f2n TCP \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32350\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32350\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32350\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Giao-thuc-TCP-IP-la-gi.jpg\" alt=\"Giao th\u1ee9c TCP IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Giao-thuc-TCP-IP-la-gi.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Giao-thuc-TCP-IP-la-gi-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Giao-thuc-TCP-IP-la-gi-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Giao-thuc-TCP-IP-la-gi-750x469.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32350\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giao th\u1ee9c TCP IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t b\u01b0u ki\u1ec7n. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi (IP) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u01b0u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i an to\u00e0n, nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n (TCP). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, TCP\/IP gi\u00fap c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean Internet x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 TCP\/IP, Internet s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vai-tro-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP\"><\/span>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Internet, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TCP\/IP l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin, g\u1eedi qua m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang n\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t hay l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<li>TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh tin c\u1eady trong truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 g\u00f3i tin, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li>IP (Internet Protocol) ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecbnh danh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 cho t\u1eebng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u0111i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li>TCP\/IP gi\u00fap c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Internet.<\/li>\n<li>Ngo\u00e0i ra, TCP\/IP h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n file, g\u1eedi email, truy c\u1eadp web, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP l\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh tin c\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TCP-va-IP-khac-nhau-nhu-the-nao\"><\/span>TCP v\u00e0 IP kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Hai giao th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh trong b\u1ed9 IP c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ri\u00eang v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa TCP v\u00e0 IP:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TCP\"><\/span>TCP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n g\u00f3i tin qua m\u1ea1ng <strong>\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>theo \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p cao, th\u00f4ng minh, v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o IP \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n g\u00f3i tin d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, trang web v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web.<\/li>\n<li>Hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i ngay t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c k\u00eanh li\u00ean l\u1ea1c qua m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c chia m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i tin nh\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi qua Internet, v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf <strong>T\u1ea7ng 4 \u2013 t\u1ea7ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<\/strong> c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI.<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c <strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u01b0\u1edbng (connection-oriented)<\/strong>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa b\u00ean g\u1eedi v\u00e0 b\u00ean nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh tin c\u1eady.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn qua Internet, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; TCP s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i t\u1eeb IP v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, tr\u00e1nh t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1ng do c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u1ebfn sai th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32351\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32351\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32351\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Giao-thuc-TCP-IP-khac-nhau-nhu-the-nao.jpg\" alt=\"Giao th\u1ee9c TCP IP kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Giao-thuc-TCP-IP-khac-nhau-nhu-the-nao.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Giao-thuc-TCP-IP-khac-nhau-nhu-the-nao-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Giao-thuc-TCP-IP-khac-nhau-nhu-the-nao-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Giao-thuc-TCP-IP-khac-nhau-nhu-the-nao-750x469.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32351\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giao th\u1ee9c TCP IP kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IP\"><\/span>IP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c Internet c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ea1ng Internet.<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed3m <strong>header<\/strong> (ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00edch) v\u00e0 <strong>payload<\/strong> (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u).<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u1eebng g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u00edch. M\u1ed7i m\u00e1y trung gian (gateway) tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc header c\u1ee7a IPv4 l\u00e0 20\u201360 byte; k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 g\u00f3i tin t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 65,535 byte. \u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i tin nh\u1ecf, g\u1eedi ri\u00eang l\u1ebb r\u1ed3i gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i theo \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u00fat m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fat m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf <strong>T\u1ea7ng 3 \u2013 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng<\/strong> c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI.<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c <strong>kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (connection-less)<\/strong>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3m tra, s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TCPIP-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\"><\/span>TCP\/IP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>TCP\/IP s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp client-server<\/strong>, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (client) s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c (server) trong m\u1ea1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, server c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t trang web cho client.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i TCP l\u00e0 stateful, IP l\u00e0 stateless, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb client \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea7ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i (transport layer) l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 stateful (c\u00f3 l\u01b0u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i), n\u00f3 s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1edbi v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng 7 t\u1ea7ng OSI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf sau \u0111\u00f3. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau qua m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-tang-trong-mo-hinh-TCPIP\"><\/span>C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng (layer). M\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tang-1-Tang-Truy-cap-mang-Network-Access-Layer\"><\/span>T\u1ea7ng 1: T\u1ea7ng Truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng (Network Access Layer)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>T\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn (c\u00e1p quang, s\u00f3ng WiFi&#8230;). N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c Ethernet, Wi-Fi.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tang-2-Tang-Internet-Internet-Layer\"><\/span>T\u1ea7ng 2: T\u1ea7ng Internet (Internet Layer)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>T\u1ea7ng Internet \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o g\u00f3i tin t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. Giao th\u1ee9c IP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tang-3-Tang-Giao-van-Transport-Layer\"><\/span>T\u1ea7ng 3: T\u1ea7ng Giao v\u1eadn (Transport Layer)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Hai giao th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 TCP v\u00e0 UDP (User Datagram Protocol). UDP l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tin c\u1eady, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng streaming, game.<\/p>\n<p>TCP \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh tin c\u1eady, c\u00f2n UDP cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 streaming video ho\u1eb7c game online.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tang-4-Tang-Ung-dung-Application-Layer\"><\/span>T\u1ea7ng 4: T\u1ea7ng \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng (Application Layer)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>T\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 <strong>HTTP<\/strong> (<strong>Hypertext Transfer Protocol<\/strong>) \u0111\u1ec3 duy\u1ec7t web, <strong>FTP<\/strong> (<strong>File Transfer Protocol<\/strong>) \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i t\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 <strong>SMTP<\/strong> (<strong>Simple Mail Transfer Protocol<\/strong>) \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi email \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uu-diem-va-nhuoc-diem-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP\"><\/span>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP b\u1ea1n n\u00ean bi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uu-diem-cua-TCPIP\"><\/span>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a TCP\/IP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp linh ho\u1ea1t tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro khi h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<li>T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u giao th\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u0103ng t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t trong tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y client v\u00e0 server, d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li>G\u1ecdn nh\u1eb9, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 Internet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32353\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32353\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32353\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Uu-diem-va-nhuoc-diem-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP.jpg\" alt=\"\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c TCPIP\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Uu-diem-va-nhuoc-diem-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Uu-diem-va-nhuoc-diem-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Uu-diem-va-nhuoc-diem-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Uu-diem-va-nhuoc-diem-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP-750x469.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32353\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhuoc-diem-cua-TCPIP\"><\/span>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a TCP\/IP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u01b0a t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c trong TCP\/IP mang t\u00ednh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n<li>Thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch b\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (DDoS).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u00f9 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, TCP\/IP v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-ung-dung-tieu-bieu-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP\"><\/span>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>TCP\/IP kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cx\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a Internet m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Truyen-tai-tep-tin-File-Transfer\"><\/span>1. Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i t\u1ec7p tin (File Transfer)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p t\u1eeb website hay g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, TCP\/IP lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-Gui-va-nhan-email\"><\/span>2. G\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn email<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i email tr\u00ean Internet \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o TCP\/IP. Giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n g\u00f3i tin ch\u1ee9a n\u1ed9i dung email \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi \u2013 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01a1n tru.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32354\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32354\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32354\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Cac-ung-dung-tieu-bieu-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c TCPIP\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Cac-ung-dung-tieu-bieu-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Cac-ung-dung-tieu-bieu-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Cac-ung-dung-tieu-bieu-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Cac-ung-dung-tieu-bieu-cua-giao-thuc-TCPIP-750x469.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32354\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c TCPIP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-Chia-se-hinh-anh\"><\/span>3. Chia s\u1ebb h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c chia s\u1ebb \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, TCP\/IP \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u1ed9i dung hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-Phan-phoi-noi-dung-web\"><\/span>4. Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i dung web<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf m\u1ed9t trang web, \u0111\u1ecdc tin t\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ebfn xem video tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, TCP\/IP gi\u00fap n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-Truy-cap-may-chu-tu-xa\"><\/span>5. Truy c\u1eadp m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb xa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nh\u1edd TCP\/IP, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 Internet, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, TCP\/IP \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, gi\u00fap k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean Internet hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-giao-thuc-mang-pho-bien-lien-quan-den-TCPIP\"><\/span>C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn TCP\/IP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i TCP v\u00e0 IP, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u giao th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>HTTP\/HTTPS:<\/strong> D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i trang web. HTTPS l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a HTTP.<\/li>\n<li><strong>FTP:<\/strong> Cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i t\u1ec7p l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SMTP:<\/strong> Giao th\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi email.<\/li>\n<li><strong>DNS (Domain Name System):<\/strong> D\u1ecbch t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n truy c\u1eadp website d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So-sanh-mo-hinh-TCPIP-va-mo-hinh-OSI\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tham chi\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; max-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; border: 2px solid #0D6EFD; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background: #0D6EFD; color: #ffffff; text-align: left;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; font-weight: bold; border-right: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12); text-align: center;\">Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; font-weight: bold; border-right: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12); text-align: center;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCP\/IP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff; color: #111111;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">S\u1ed1 l\u1edbp (t\u1ea7ng)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">7 l\u1edbp: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">4 l\u1edbp: Network Access, Internet, Transport, Application (4 l\u1edbp g\u1ed9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f8fbff; color: #111111;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">Theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa giao di\u1ec7n, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">Theo chi\u1ec1u ngang, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa giao di\u1ec7n, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff; color: #111111;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u00f9ng cho chu\u1ea9n giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean Internet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f8fbff; color: #111111;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">Do ISO nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">Do ARPANET nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff; color: #111111;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 l\u1edbp Session v\u00e0 Presentation ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Session v\u00e0 Presentation \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed9p v\u00e0o l\u1edbp Application<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f8fbff; color: #111111;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">L\u1edbp transport ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">L\u1edbp transport h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff; color: #111111;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; vertical-align: top;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong m\u1ea1ng Internet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f8fbff; color: #111111;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top;\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top;\">R\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a t\u1eebng l\u1edbp<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9f2ff; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top;\">Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32352\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32352\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32352\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/So-sanh-mo-hinh-TCPIP-va-mo-hinh-OSI.jpg\" alt=\"So s\u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCPIP v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/So-sanh-mo-hinh-TCPIP-va-mo-hinh-OSI.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/So-sanh-mo-hinh-TCPIP-va-mo-hinh-OSI-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/So-sanh-mo-hinh-TCPIP-va-mo-hinh-OSI-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/So-sanh-mo-hinh-TCPIP-va-mo-hinh-OSI-750x469.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32352\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">So s\u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh TCPIP v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n chia ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>OSI c\u00f3 7 l\u1edbp v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n; TCP\/IP c\u00f3 4 l\u1edbp v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>OSI l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, c\u00f2n TCP\/IP l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u00f9ng trong Internet.<\/li>\n<li>TCP\/IP ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, OSI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb1m chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i, OSI l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a trong khi TCP\/IP l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng trong m\u1ea1ng Internet hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Internet. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP (Transmission Control Protocol\/Internet Protocol) l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp website, g\u1eedi email cho \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. V\u1eady giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec, \u01b0u &#8211; nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra sao v\u00e0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":32355,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[151],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32348","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mang"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32348","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32348"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32348\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32833,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32348\/revisions\/32833"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32355"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32348"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32348"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32348"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}