{"id":31921,"date":"2025-11-20T10:04:56","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T03:04:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=31921"},"modified":"2025-11-21T08:52:58","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T01:52:58","slug":"network-interface-card-nic-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Network Interface Card (NIC): Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i &#038; C\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn Card m\u1ea1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#Network-Interface-Card-NIC-la-gi\" >Network Interface Card (NIC) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#Chuc-nang-chinh-cua-Network-Interface-Card\" >Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Network Interface Card<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#Truyen-va-nhan-du-lieu\" >Truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#Chuyen-doi-tin-hieu\" >Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#Kiem-soat-luong-du-lieu\" >Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#Gan-dia-chi-MAC\" >G\u1eafn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#Chuan-bi-du-lieu-de-truyen-qua-mang\" >Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n qua m\u1ea1ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#Tai-sao-may-tinh-can-co-Network-Interface-Card\" >T\u1ea1i sao m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 Network Interface Card?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#Cau-tao-cua-Card-mang-NIC-gom-nhung-gi\" >C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Card m\u1ea1ng NIC g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#Cac-loai-Network-Interface-Card-pho-bien\" >C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Network Interface Card ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#1-Phan-loai-theo-chuan-ket-noi\" >1. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#2-Phan-loai-theo-cach-gan\" >2. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1ch g\u1eafn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#3-Phan-loai-theo-toc-do\" >3. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#4-NIC-ao-Virtual-NIC-%E2%80%93-vNIC\" >4. NIC \u1ea3o (Virtual NIC &#8211; vNIC):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#Card-mang-nam-o-dau-trong-may-tinh\" >Card m\u1ea1ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#Vi-tri-card-mang-tren-may-tinh-de-ban-PC\" >V\u1ecb tr\u00ed card m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n (PC)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#Card-mang-tren-laptop-nam-o-dau\" >Card m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean laptop n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#Cach-lua-chon-Network-Interface-Card-phu-hop\" >C\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Network Interface Card ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#1-Xac-dinh-nhu-cau-ky-thuat\" >1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#2-Cac-tieu-chi-lua-chon-NIC\" >2. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn NIC<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/#Huong-dan-su-dung-Card-mang-NIC-dung-cach\" >H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Card m\u1ea1ng NIC \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>B\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet hay m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng: Network Interface Card (NIC), hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 card m\u1ea1ng. InterData s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 <strong>NIC l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>, <strong>vai tr\u00f2<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a card m\u1ea1ng NIC<\/strong>, <strong>c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>, <strong>c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i NIC ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/strong> v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn card m\u1ea1ng NIC v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Network-Interface-Card-NIC-la-gi\"><\/span>Network Interface Card (NIC) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-interface-card-nic-la-gi\/\">Network Interface Card<\/a> (NIC)<\/strong>, <strong>th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 card m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebb giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>NIC ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1p m\u1ea1ng (Ethernet) ho\u1eb7c s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn (Wi-Fi), v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_31923\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31923\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-31923\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Network-Interface-Card-NIC-la-gi.jpg\" alt=\"Network Interface Card (NIC) l\u00e0 g\u00ec\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Network-Interface-Card-NIC-la-gi.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Network-Interface-Card-NIC-la-gi-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Network-Interface-Card-NIC-la-gi-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Network-Interface-Card-NIC-la-gi-750x469.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31923\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Network Interface Card (NIC) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, NIC l\u00e0 &#8220;c\u1eeda ng\u00f5&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 &#8220;n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n&#8221; v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c truy c\u1eadp Internet. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 NIC, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuc-nang-chinh-cua-Network-Interface-Card\"><\/span>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Network Interface Card<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ed9 giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng nic c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng g\u00ec? Network Interface Card kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;c\u1ed5ng c\u1eafm&#8221;, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin di\u1ec5n ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem b\u1ed9 giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ng (nic) c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng g\u00ec ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truyen-va-nhan-du-lieu\"><\/span>Truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u1ea5t. NIC ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ra m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, n\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hai chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuyen-doi-tin-hieu\"><\/span>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, card m\u1ea1ng NIC chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 (bits) t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd (\u0111i\u1ec7n, quang, s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n qua m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_31924\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31924\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-31924\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Chuc-nang-chinh-cua-Network-Interface-Card.jpg\" alt=\"Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Network Interface Card\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Chuc-nang-chinh-cua-Network-Interface-Card.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Chuc-nang-chinh-cua-Network-Interface-Card-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Chuc-nang-chinh-cua-Network-Interface-Card-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Chuc-nang-chinh-cua-Network-Interface-Card-750x469.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31924\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Network Interface Card<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kiem-soat-luong-du-lieu\"><\/span>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>NIC gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, g\u00e2y t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m tr\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gan-dia-chi-MAC\"><\/span>G\u1eafn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed7i NIC c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-mac-la-gi\/\">\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/a> duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt l\u00fd&#8221; c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. NIC s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch trong c\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuan-bi-du-lieu-de-truyen-qua-mang\"><\/span>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n qua m\u1ea1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi truy\u1ec1n \u0111i, NIC \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khung (frames) theo m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Ethernet), qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 (headers) ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9. Khi nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, NIC s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i (decapsulation), lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho card m\u1ea1ng NIC tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai-sao-may-tinh-can-co-Network-Interface-Card\"><\/span>T\u1ea1i sao m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 Network Interface Card?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Network Interface Card (NIC) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 card m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (LAN), m\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng (WAN) hay internet. Vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a card NIC l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, NIC \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng<\/strong>: NIC cung c\u1ea5p khe ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed5ng n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u00e1p m\u1ea1ng (Ethernet), ho\u1eb7c giao ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y (Wi-Fi), cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tham gia v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giao ti\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1ng<\/strong>: N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi \u0111i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb1m trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh danh tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/strong>: M\u1ed7i NIC c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt l\u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC, gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1eebng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong>: NIC c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n cho ph\u00e9p <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/data-preprocessing-la-gi\/\">x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cpu-server\/\">CPU<\/a> ( x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 offloading (VD: <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/\">TCP\/IP<\/a> Offload Engine \u2013 TOE).) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng<\/strong>: NIC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i giao th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,&#8230; gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i linh ho\u1ea1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 Network Interface Card v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 NIC, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi hay nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp internet hay m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. NIC ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 &#8220;c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i&#8221; quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau-tao-cua-Card-mang-NIC-gom-nhung-gi\"><\/span>C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Card m\u1ea1ng NIC g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Card m\u1ea1ng (NIC) l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trung gian gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m (Buffer memory)<\/strong>: L\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi truy\u1ec1n ra ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0o Card. B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n bus (Bus controller)<\/strong>: C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa Card m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qua bus, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd MAC (MAC processor)<\/strong>: X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf t\u1ea7ng MAC trong <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-osi-la-gi\/\">m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI<\/a>, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng khung d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 g\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt l\u00fd (MAC address).<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ROM<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u trong EEPROM ho\u1eb7c ROM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi s\u1eb5n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Khe c\u1eafm m\u1ea1ng (Network jack)<\/strong>: L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Card m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2y m\u1ea1ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng RJ45 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed9t Card m\u1ea1ng NIC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd MAC, ROM v\u00e0 khe c\u1eafm m\u1ea1ng. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-loai-Network-Interface-Card-pho-bien\"><\/span>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Network Interface Card ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng card NIC r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i card m\u1ea1ng NIC s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Phan-loai-theo-chuan-ket-noi\"><\/span>1. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ethernet NIC (NIC c\u00f3 d\u00e2y):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1p Ethernet (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1p RJ45) \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Card m\u1ea1ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c laptop.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Wireless NIC (NIC kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y):<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng qua s\u00f3ng Wi-Fi, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y c\u00e1p. Ch\u00fang l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i d\u00e2y.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Card Wi-Fi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong laptop, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c USB Wi-Fi adapter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fiber Optic NIC (NIC quang):<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1p quang, lo\u1ea1i NIC n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ef1c cao v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i xa h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/big-data-la-gi\/\">d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn<\/a> ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Card m\u1ea1ng 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) ho\u1eb7c 40 Gigabit Ethernet (40GbE) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed5ng quang SFP+.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_31925\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31925\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-31925\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cac-loai-Network-Interface-Card-pho-bien.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Network Interface Card ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\" width=\"800\" height=\"455\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cac-loai-Network-Interface-Card-pho-bien.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cac-loai-Network-Interface-Card-pho-bien-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cac-loai-Network-Interface-Card-pho-bien-768x437.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cac-loai-Network-Interface-Card-pho-bien-750x427.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31925\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Network Interface Card ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-Phan-loai-theo-cach-gan\"><\/span>2. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1ch g\u1eafn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>NIC t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (Onboard NIC):<\/strong> H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u card m\u1ea1ng NIC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n. Ch\u00fang ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> C\u1ed5ng m\u1ea1ng RJ45 \u1edf ph\u00eda sau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c laptop c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>NIC r\u1eddi (Expansion Card):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c card m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o khe m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: PCIe) tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, th\u00eam c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 NIC t\u00edch h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t card m\u1ea1ng PCIe 2.5GbE \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-speed-la-gi\/\">t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng<\/a> cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u0169, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t card m\u1ea1ng USB Wi-Fi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>NIC qua c\u1ed5ng USB:<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u1ed5ng USB c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, r\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i cho laptop ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khe c\u1eafm m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 NIC kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c NIC Ethernet t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t USB-to-Ethernet adapter d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i laptop m\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed5ng m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-Phan-loai-theo-toc-do\"><\/span>3. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>10\/100 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mbps-la-gi\/\">Mbps<\/a> Ethernet NIC:<\/strong> T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ee7 cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 l\u01b0\u1edbt web th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gigabit Ethernet (1 Gbps) NIC:<\/strong> T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>10 Gigabit Ethernet (10 Gbps) NIC v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n:<\/strong> D\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/bang-thong-la-gi\/\">b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/a> c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda video 4K tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-NIC-ao-Virtual-NIC-%E2%80%93-vNIC\"><\/span>4. NIC \u1ea3o (Virtual NIC &#8211; vNIC):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ao-hoa-la-gi\/\">\u1ea3o h\u00f3a<\/a>, m\u1ed7i m\u00e1y \u1ea3o (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/virtual-machine-la-gi\/\">Virtual Machine<\/a> &#8211; VM) c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t &#8220;card m\u1ea1ng&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t card v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/hypervisor-la-gi\/\">hypervisor<\/a> (ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00e1y \u1ea3o). vNIC cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng qua card m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i NIC gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Card-mang-nam-o-dau-trong-may-tinh\"><\/span>Card m\u1ea1ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi-tri-card-mang-tren-may-tinh-de-ban-PC\"><\/span>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed card m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n (PC)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh (mainboard) c\u1ee7a PC, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng m\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n card m\u1ea1ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ed5ng USB \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau th\u00f9ng m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng card m\u1ea1ng r\u1eddi (lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi main), th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd c\u1eafm v\u00e0o khe PCI \u2013 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi, \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a case. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a card \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (card m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh), v\u00ec khe g\u1eafn card m\u1ea1ng r\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Card-mang-tren-laptop-nam-o-dau\"><\/span>Card m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean laptop n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi laptop, card m\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7, tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec bo m\u1ea1ch laptop kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khe c\u1eafm PCIe, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn th\u00eam card m\u1ea1ng r\u1eddi nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean PC.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ed5ng m\u1ea1ng LAN (Ethernet) th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t trong hai c\u1ea1nh b\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ph\u00eda sau th\u00e2n m\u00e1y, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ed5ng m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y nh\u01b0 Wifi ho\u1eb7c WLAN.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc laptop kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed5ng LAN, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb USB sang c\u1ed5ng m\u1ea1ng RJ45.<\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t card m\u1ea1ng r\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec g\u1eafn v\u00e0o khe PCIe, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i qua c\u1ed5ng USB. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 laptop ho\u1eb7c PC n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u1ed5ng USB t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach-lua-chon-Network-Interface-Card-phu-hop\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Network Interface Card ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang card m\u1ea1ng (NIC) gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cao v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Xac-dinh-nhu-cau-ky-thuat\"><\/span>1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, workstation chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, laptop&#8230;<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng<\/strong>: M\u1ea1ng LAN v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u1ea1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/internet-of-things\/\">IoT<\/a> ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-Cac-tieu-chi-lua-chon-NIC\"><\/span>2. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn NIC<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 (b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng) h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n<\/strong>: Ch\u1ecdn card m\u1ea1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng (1Gbps, 2.5Gbps, 5Gbps, 10Gbps, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed 25\/40\/100Gbps cho server\/data center).<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u00e1p m\u1ea1ng\/c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng<\/strong>: N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 100Mbps, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng card 1Gbps\/10Gbps \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, lo\u1ea1i giao ti\u1ebfp<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chu\u1ea9n c\u1eafm<\/strong>: PCIe (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho m\u00e1y b\u00e0n\/server hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i), USB (ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng cho laptop\/PC), PCMCIA (cho laptop \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169), ho\u1eb7c Ethernet\/Fiber t\u00f9y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o card m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch mainboard (slot tr\u1ed1ng: PCI, PCI-X, PCIe, USB&#8230;).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p<\/strong>: RJ45 (\u0111a s\u1ed1 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng, twisted pair), SFP+\/QSFP+ (fiber quang), ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng BNC (\u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_31927\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31927\" style=\"width: 852px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-31927\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cach-lua-chon-Network-Interface-Card-phu-hop.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Network Interface Card ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p\" width=\"852\" height=\"720\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cach-lua-chon-Network-Interface-Card-phu-hop.jpg 852w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cach-lua-chon-Network-Interface-Card-phu-hop-300x254.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cach-lua-chon-Network-Interface-Card-phu-hop-768x649.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cach-lua-chon-Network-Interface-Card-phu-hop-750x634.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 852px) 100vw, 852px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31927\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Network Interface Card ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5ng Network<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Single <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/port-la-gi\/\">port<\/a><\/strong>: Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Multi-port<\/strong>: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, server, ho\u1eb7c nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cao, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/load-balancing\/\">load balancing<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Lo\u1ea1i NIC (Theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\/k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt)<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>NIC c\u00f3 d\u00e2y (Ethernet)<\/strong>: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn PC\/server.<\/li>\n<li><strong>NIC kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y (Wi-Fi)<\/strong>: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho m\u00e1y di \u0111\u1ed9ng, laptop, khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i d\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a (SR-IOV, Virtualization)<\/strong>: V\u1edbi server ch\u1ea1y hypervisor\/virtual machine.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 offloading\/ t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/strong>: DMA, TCP offload, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i CPU.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Power Efficiency<\/strong>: Quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi data center ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/h4>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o driver NIC h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/he-dieu-hanh\/\">h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/a> m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (Windows, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/he-dieu-hanh-linux-la-gi\/\">Linux<\/a>, macOS v.v.).<\/p>\n<h4>Th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh<\/h4>\n<p>N\u00ean ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u uy t\u00edn (Intel, Broadcom, Mellanox, TP-Link&#8230;) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 sau b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h4>Gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h4>\n<p>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang c\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, chu\u1ea9n giao ti\u1ebfp, lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5ng, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn NIC ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o card m\u1ea1ng NIC ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Huong-dan-su-dung-Card-mang-NIC-dung-cach\"><\/span>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Card m\u1ea1ng NIC \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 Card m\u1ea1ng NIC v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 theo th\u1eddi gian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/so-nguyen-integer\/\">s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean<\/a> t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC l\u00e0 d\u00e3y s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi IEEE v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n trong t\u1eebng Card m\u1ea1ng. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC g\u1ed3m 6 byte, trong \u0111\u00f3 3 byte \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u00e3 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 3 byte sau l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 seri c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<li>Lu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n driver m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t cho Card m\u1ea1ng. Driver c\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u Card m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng xung \u0111\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/\">\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP<\/a> v\u00e0 MAC.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1eefa Card m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 c\u00e1p m\u1ea1ng hay switch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n lu\u00f4n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 Card m\u1ea1ng \u1edf g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 loa hay tivi, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 IP, subnet mask, gateway\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 Card m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m di\u1ec7t virus \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp qua k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00ean sao l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Card m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Network Interface Card (NIC) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh truy c\u1eadp Internet, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 trong m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trong trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, NIC lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 NIC kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet hay m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng: Network Interface Card (NIC), hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 card m\u1ea1ng. InterData s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 NIC l\u00e0 g\u00ec, vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":31928,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[151],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mang"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31921"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36138,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31921\/revisions\/36138"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}