{"id":31382,"date":"2025-07-04T09:58:43","date_gmt":"2025-07-04T02:58:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=31382"},"modified":"2025-07-04T09:58:43","modified_gmt":"2025-07-04T02:58:43","slug":"ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Fortran l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-la-gi\" >Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Fortran l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Lich-su-va-su-phat-trien-cua-ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran\" >L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Fortran<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Tai-sao-Fortran-van-con-duoc-ua-chuong\" >T\u1ea1i sao Fortran v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Toc-do-va-hieu-nang-cao\" >T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#He-sinh-thai-cho-khoa-hoc\" >H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i cho khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Tinh-tuong-thich-va-ma-nguon-cu\" >T\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Bat-dau-voi-ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-nhu-the-nao\" >B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Fortran nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Cai-dat-moi-truong\" >C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Chuong-trinh-%E2%80%9CHello-World%E2%80%9D\" >Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh &#8220;Hello, World!&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Tai-lieu-hoc-tap-goi-y\" >T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp g\u1ee3i \u00fd<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Cac-ung-dung-thuc-te-cua-Fortran\" >C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Fortran<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Trong-du-bao-thoi-tiet\" >Trong d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Trong-mo-phong-va-cham-xe-hoi\" >Trong m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng va ch\u1ea1m xe h\u01a1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Trong-nganh-hang-khong-vu-tru\" >Trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Trong-vat-ly-va-hoa-hoc-luong-tu\" >Trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Cau-hoi-thuong-gap-FAQ\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (FAQ)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Hoc-Fortran-co-kho-khong\" >H\u1ecdc Fortran c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Co-hoi-viec-lam-cho-lap-trinh-vien-Fortran\" >C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean Fortran?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Nen-chon-Fortran-Python-hay-C-cho-tinh-toan-khoa-hoc\" >N\u00ean ch\u1ecdn Fortran, Python hay C++ cho t\u00ednh to\u00e1n khoa h\u1ecdc?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-fortran\/#Tong-ket\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Python v\u00e0 C++ chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, Fortran v\u1eabn gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Fortran n\u0103m 2025, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Fortran.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-la-gi\"><\/span>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Fortran l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-la-gi\/\">l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/a> Fortran (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Formula Translation) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/compiler-trinh-bien-dich-la-gi\/\">tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/a>, c\u1ea5p cao, c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u t\u0129nh. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ng\u1eef cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-01.jpg\" alt=\"Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Fortran\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-31384\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-01.jpg 600w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-01-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lich-su-va-su-phat-trien-cua-ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran\"><\/span>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Fortran<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Fortran ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1957 t\u1ea1i IBM, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a John Backus. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-la-gi\/\">ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/a> c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Fortran l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n FORTRAN 77 \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/source-code-la-gi\/\">m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/a> khoa h\u1ecdc. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Fortran 90\/95 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi c\u00fa ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 do, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 Fortran 2003, 2008, v\u00e0 2018 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n song song (Coarrays), kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai-sao-Fortran-van-con-duoc-ua-chuong\"><\/span>T\u1ea1i sao Fortran v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u01a1n 60 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 \u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t. Ba l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a Fortran: t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-02.jpg\" alt=\"Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Fortran\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-31385\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-02.jpg 600w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-02-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Toc-do-va-hieu-nang-cao\"><\/span>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Fortran. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc. Tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Fortran, nh\u01b0 Intel Fortran Compiler (ifort) hay GNU Fortran (gfortran), c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u, t\u1ea1o ra <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/machine-code-ma-may-la-gi\/\">m\u00e3 m\u00e1y<\/a> c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 Python kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ea3ng (array-centric) cho ph\u00e9p Fortran x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1eadp <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/big-data-la-gi\/\">d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn<\/a> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho Fortran tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c T\u00ednh to\u00e1n Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao (HPC). Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, benchmark LINPACK, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong danh s\u00e1ch TOP500, ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Fortran.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"He-sinh-thai-cho-khoa-hoc\"><\/span>H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i cho khoa h\u1ecdc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Fortran s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. C\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms) v\u00e0 LAPACK (Linear Algebra Package) l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan cho g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady. Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Fortran t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Python ho\u1eb7c C++.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh-tuong-thich-va-ma-nguon-cu\"><\/span>T\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 &#8220;legacy&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Fortran. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 &#8220;\u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed5&#8221; c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh qua h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Fortran cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bat-dau-voi-ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-nhu-the-nao\"><\/span>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Fortran nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Fortran kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng code \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Fortran.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-03.jpg\" alt=\"Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Fortran\" width=\"600\" height=\"317\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-31386\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-03.jpg 600w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-03-300x159.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cai-dat-moi-truong\"><\/span>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch GNU Fortran (gfortran), m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch GNU (GCC). C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/open-source-la-gi\/\">m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh (Windows, macOS, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/he-dieu-hanh-linux-la-gi\/\">Linux<\/a>). Tr\u00ean Windows, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t gfortran th\u00f4ng qua MinGW-w64.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00edch h\u1ee3p gfortran v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vs-code-la-gi\/\">Visual Studio Code<\/a>. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (extension) nh\u01b0 &#8220;Modern Fortran&#8221;, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4 s\u00e1ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u00e3 v\u00e0 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i, gi\u00fap qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft code hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuong-trinh-%E2%80%9CHello-World%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh &#8220;Hello, World!&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd in d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef &#8220;Hello, World!&#8221; ra m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi th\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng khi h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">! Chuong trinh Fortran dau tien\r\nprogram hello\r\n    implicit none\r\n    print *, \"Hello, World!\"\r\nend program hello<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nhanh v\u1ec1 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>program hello ... end program hello<\/code>: Khai b\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00ean l\u00e0 <code>hello<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code>implicit none<\/code>: M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i khai b\u00e1o t\u01b0\u1eddng minh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><code>print *, \"...\"<\/code>: L\u1ec7nh in ra m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. D\u1ea5u <code>*<\/code> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai-lieu-hoc-tap-goi-y\"><\/span>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp g\u1ee3i \u00fd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/page-la-gi\/\">trang web<\/a> ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c <strong>fortran-lang.org<\/strong>. Trang web n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn (tutorials), s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n (cookbook) v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 &#8220;Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Fortran&#8221; c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch Khoa ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u PDF \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-ung-dung-thuc-te-cua-Fortran\"><\/span>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Fortran<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Fortran \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t qua c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-04.jpg\" alt=\"Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Fortran\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-31387\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-04.jpg 600w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-Fortran-04-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trong-du-bao-thoi-tiet\"><\/span>Trong d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0 WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model), x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m quan s\u00e1t. Ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian ba chi\u1ec1u. Fortran l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trong-mo-phong-va-cham-xe-hoi\"><\/span>Trong m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng va ch\u1ea1m xe h\u01a1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n (FEM) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a xe h\u01a1i. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 LS-DYNA, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Fortran, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra va ch\u1ea1m \u1ea3o, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trong-nganh-hang-khong-vu-tru\"><\/span>Trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, hay m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o T\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u (CFD). Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i CFD h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng Fortran \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trong-vat-ly-va-hoa-hoc-luong-tu\"><\/span>Trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 Gaussian hay NWChem s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Fortran \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi vi m\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau-hoi-thuong-gap-FAQ\"><\/span>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (FAQ)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn Fortran th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t ra, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hoc-Fortran-co-kho-khong\"><\/span>H\u1ecdc Fortran c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ecdc Fortran kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. C\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Fortran kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/thuat-toan-algorithm\/\">thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n<\/a> t\u1eeb gi\u1ea5y sang m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ef1c quan. So v\u1edbi C++, Fortran \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/memory-management-la-gi\/\">qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb<\/a> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co-hoi-viec-lam-cho-lap-trinh-vien-Fortran\"><\/span>C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean Fortran?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho Fortran kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng Fortran \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn R&amp;D c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, \u00f4 t\u00f4, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nen-chon-Fortran-Python-hay-C-cho-tinh-toan-khoa-hoc\"><\/span>N\u00ean ch\u1ecdn Fortran, Python hay C++ cho t\u00ednh to\u00e1n khoa h\u1ecdc?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 ba:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Python:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd, tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fortran\/C++:<\/strong> Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u1eb7ng (numerical kernels) \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C++:<\/strong> Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n khi c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong-ket\"><\/span>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Fortran kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi; Fortran l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i gi\u0169a qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t: t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t. V\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Fortran trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c HPC v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong kh\u1ed1i ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c trang b\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Fortran kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Python v\u00e0 C++ chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, Fortran v\u1eabn gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Fortran n\u0103m 2025, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31383,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[140],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lap-trinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31382","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31382"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31382\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31388,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31382\/revisions\/31388"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31383"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31382"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31382"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}