{"id":2813,"date":"2025-08-02T13:16:14","date_gmt":"2025-08-02T06:16:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=2813"},"modified":"2026-04-13T09:46:18","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T02:46:18","slug":"kubernetes-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kubernetes (K8s) L\u00e0 G\u00ec? To\u00e0n T\u1eadp V\u1ec1 Ki\u1ebfn Tr\u00fac &#038; C\u00e1ch Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Kubernetes-K8s-la-gi\" >Kubernetes (K8s) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Ly-do-doanh-nghiep-can-su-dung-Kubernetes\" >L\u00fd do doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kubernetes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Giai-ma-cac-thuat-ngu-co-ban-trong-Kubernetes\" >Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong Kubernetes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Pod\" >Pod<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Node-Worker-Master\" >Node (Worker &amp; Master)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Cluster\" >Cluster<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Cau-truc-he-thong-va-Nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-Kubernetes\" >C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Kubernetes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Thanh-phan-cua-Control-Plane-Master-Node\" >Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Control Plane (Master Node)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Thanh-phan-cua-Worker-Node\" >Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Worker Node<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Docker-va-Kubernetes-Su-khac-biet-cot-loi\" >Docker v\u00e0 Kubernetes: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Yeu-cau-cau-hinh-Cloud-Server-VPS-de-chay-Kubernetes\" >Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Cloud Server \/ VPS \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y Kubernetes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Giai-Dap-Nhanh-Ve-Kubernetes-FAQ\" >Gi\u1ea3i \u0110\u00e1p Nhanh V\u1ec1 Kubernetes (FAQ)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#K8s-la-viet-tat-cua-tu-gi\" >K8s l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Website-nho-co-nen-dung-Kubernetes-khong\" >Website nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng Kubernetes kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Kubernetes-co-thay-the-Docker-Swarm-khong\" >Kubernetes c\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf Docker Swarm kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Cai-dat-Kubernetes-len-Cloud-Server-bang-cach-nao\" >C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Kubernetes l\u00ean Cloud Server b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/#Co-the-chay-Kubernetes-tren-moi-truong-Local-may-tinh-ca-nhan-khong\" >C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y Kubernetes tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Local (m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n) kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><!-- OVERVIEW BLOCK --><\/p>\n<div class=\"summary\">\n<p><strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kubernetes-la-gi\/\"><strong>Kubernetes (K8s)<\/strong><\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/source-code-la-gi\/\">m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/a> m\u1edf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng container. Thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng t\u1eebng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/may-chu-server-la-gi\/\">m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/a>, K8s gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i khi c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u00f4ng minh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea1y m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>K8s kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/docker-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Docker<\/a> \u2014 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn container <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/docker-la-gi\/\">Docker<\/a> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>Control Plane (Master Node) \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f2n Worker Node ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c thi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Auto-scaling t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ecdi th\u00eam t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean khi CPU\/RAM ch\u1ea1m ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng nguy c\u01a1 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u giao ti\u1ebfp qua m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (LAN)\u00a0t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Node \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- INTRODUCTION HOOK --><\/p>\n<p>Bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c email c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c l\u00fac 2 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i? M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. Database \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c index c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch flash sale, h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean &#8220;\u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng&#8221;. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng tay l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o l\u1ea5y c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n<p>Server c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u00ean tr\u00ean \u2014 code, lu\u1ed3ng truy c\u1eadp, doanh thu \u2014 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3. Khi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/monolithic-architecture-la-gi\/\">Monolithic<\/a>) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/microservices-la-gi\/\">Microservices<\/a> l\u00ean ng\u00f4i. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc g\u1ecdn trong c\u00e1c container. Nh\u01b0ng ai s\u1ebd qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u00fang? Ai s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t container v\u1eeba &#8220;ch\u1ebft l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng&#8221; v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean K8s. Cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ebd sang m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><!-- H2: Kubernetes (K8s) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? --><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kubernetes-K8s-la-gi\"><\/span>Kubernetes (K8s) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Kubernetes (K8s)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/open-source-la-gi\/\">m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf<\/a> d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng container (container orchestration). Kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 mang t\u00ean Borg do Google ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, K8s hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao t\u1eb7ng cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cloud-native-la-gi\/\">Cloud Native<\/a> Computing Foundation (CNCF) duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1i t\u00ean &#8220;Kubernetes&#8221; b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p, mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m l\u00e1i&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;hoa ti\u00eau&#8221;. Trong gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 K8s \u2014 ch\u1eef &#8220;K&#8221; \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1eef &#8220;s&#8221; \u1edf cu\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 8 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u00e1m k\u00fd t\u1ef1 b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf \u1edf gi\u1eefa (ubernete). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng K8s, doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean t\u1eebng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd hay <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cloud-server-may-chu-dam-may\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cloud server<\/a> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u1eefa. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a qua m\u00e3 (Infrastructure as Code) v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_40985\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-40985\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-40985\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Kubernetes-k8s.webp\" alt=\"Kubernetes (k8s)\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Kubernetes-k8s.webp 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Kubernetes-k8s-300x224.webp 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Kubernetes-k8s-768x573.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-40985\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kubernetes (k8s)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!-- H3: L\u00fd do doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kubernetes --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ly-do-doanh-nghiep-can-su-dung-Kubernetes\"><\/span>L\u00fd do doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kubernetes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00ecnh to, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00e0i to\u00e1n h\u00f3c b\u00faa. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua K8s:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i (Auto-healing)<\/strong> \u2014 K8s li\u00ean t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i &#8220;s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe&#8221; c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t container b\u1ecb treo ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c khai t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao m\u1edbi \u1edf m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (Auto-scaling)<\/strong> \u2014 D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (metric) nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cpu-server\/\">CPU<\/a> ch\u1ea1m ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 80% ho\u1eb7c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ram-server\/\">RAM<\/a> qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, K8s s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n th\u00eam c\u00e1c container \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e1nh t\u1ea3i. Khi \u0111\u1ee3t truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m qua \u0111i, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i thu h\u1eb9p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n (Zero-downtime deployment)<\/strong> \u2014 C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Rolling Update. K8s thay th\u1ebf d\u1ea7n t\u1eebng container c\u0169 b\u1eb1ng container m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o lu\u1ed3ng truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- H2: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong Kubernetes --><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai-ma-cac-thuat-ngu-co-ban-trong-Kubernetes\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong Kubernetes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi K8s c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung, h\u00e3y xem to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Cluster nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty, Node l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban, v\u00e0 Pod ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1eabn c\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #0f6cbf; color: white;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">T\u00ean thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \/ \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Cluster<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ao-hoa-la-gi\/\">\u1ea3o h\u00f3a<\/a> li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">M\u1ed9t <strong>C\u00f4ng ty<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Master Node<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 Control Plane, ra l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Ban Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c<\/strong> ph\u00e2n giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Worker Node<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c thi, cung c\u1ea5p CPU\/RAM \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">C\u00e1c <strong>Ph\u00f2ng ban<\/strong> ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Pod<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean K8s, ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u container.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/strong> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0m ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- H3: Pod --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pod\"><\/span>Pod<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trong Kubernetes, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c container ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Pod l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t Pod th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t container duy nh\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/\">Nginx<\/a>). Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, m\u1ed9t Pod c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u container c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft, d\u00f9ng chung kh\u00f4ng gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 chung m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/\">\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP<\/a> n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p><!-- H3: Node (Worker & Master) --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Node-Worker-Master\"><\/span>Node (Worker &amp; Master)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac K8s ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Master Node (hay Control Plane) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea1y <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/web-application-la-gi\/\">\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web<\/a> hay database c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n; nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb. N\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh Pod n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Worker Node l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y c\u00e0y cu\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c Pod th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng (CPU, RAM, Disk). N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t Worker Node ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t do l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd, Master Node s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eddi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Pod sang c\u00e1c Worker Node kh\u00e1c \u0111ang r\u1ea3nh r\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p><!-- H3: Cluster --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cluster\"><\/span>Cluster<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t Kubernetes Cluster l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t (ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u) Master Node v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t Worker Node. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i qua m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mang-internet\/\">Internet<\/a> c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebfu an to\u00e0n. Ch\u00fang b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m chung trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang (Private Network \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vpc-la-gi\/\">VPC<\/a>) v\u1edbi <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/bang-thong-la-gi\/\">b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/a> l\u1edbn, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u &#8220;nh\u1ecbp tim&#8221; (heartbeat) di\u1ec5n ra t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng mili-gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p><!-- H2: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Kubernetes --><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau-truc-he-thong-va-Nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-Kubernetes\"><\/span>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Kubernetes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a K8s d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc &#8220;Desired State&#8221; (Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i mong mu\u1ed1n). B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t file \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng YAML m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o (V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 3 b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web A&#8221;). Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t Pod \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o l\u1ec7nh<\/strong> \u2014 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb (User) g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh YAML th\u00f4ng qua <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cli-command-line-interface\/\">giao di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh<\/a> <code>kubectl<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/strong> \u2014 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n <code>kube-apiserver<\/code> nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ki\u1ec3m tra quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm &#8220;\u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0nh&#8221;<\/strong> \u2014 <code>kube-scheduler<\/code> r\u00e0 so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c Worker Node, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng RAM\/CPU c\u00f2n tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t Node ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Th\u1ef1c thi tri\u1ec3n khai<\/strong> \u2014 <code>kubelet<\/code> (\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Master n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean Worker Node) nh\u1eadn l\u1ec7nh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Container Runtime \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o image v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi ch\u1ea1y Pod.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure id=\"attachment_40986\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-40986\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-40986\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-Kubernetes.webp\" alt=\"Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Kubernetes\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-Kubernetes.webp 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-Kubernetes-300x224.webp 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-Kubernetes-768x573.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-40986\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Kubernetes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!-- H3: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Control Plane (Master Node) --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thanh-phan-cua-Control-Plane-Master-Node\"><\/span>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Control Plane (Master Node)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a K8s \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb 4 m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>kube-apiserver<\/strong> \u2014 \u0110\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 duy nh\u1ea5t (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u1ec5 t\u00e2n). M\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i giao ti\u1ebfp qua API n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li><strong>etcd<\/strong> \u2014 M\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1ea1ng key-value si\u00eau nhanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Cluster \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao l\u01b0u an to\u00e0n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<li><strong>kube-scheduler<\/strong> \u2014 Chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. N\u00f3 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/thuat-toan-algorithm\/\">thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n<\/a> h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn Node n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t Pod m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>kube-controller-manager<\/strong> \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vong-lap-la-gi\/\">V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/a> \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t Node g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o Pod m\u1edbi thay th\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- H3: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Worker Node --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thanh-phan-cua-Worker-Node\"><\/span>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Worker Node<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>N\u01a1i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kubelet<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t agent nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y n\u1ec1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i Node, l\u1eafng nghe l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb Master Node \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c container \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. <strong>Kube-proxy<\/strong> l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau ho\u1eb7c giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu <strong>Container Runtime<\/strong> (nh\u01b0 containerd ho\u1eb7c CRI-O), ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0 d\u1eebng c\u00e1c container.<\/p>\n<p><!-- H2: Docker v\u00e0 Kubernetes: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i --><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Docker-va-Kubernetes-Su-khac-biet-cot-loi\"><\/span>Docker v\u00e0 Kubernetes: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Kubernetes kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf Docker. Docker d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (image), c\u00f2n Kubernetes d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn kh\u1ed1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng nhau trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tin c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1y Docker tr\u00ean <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vps-la-gi\/\">VPS<\/a> ho\u1eb7c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cloud-server-may-chu-dam-may\/\">Cloud Server<\/a> b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh <code>docker run<\/code> l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0ng khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00ecnh to ra 50 microservices v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean 10 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/server-vat-ly-la-gi\/\">server v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/a>, Docker \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n s\u1ebd b\u00f3 tay.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #1a3c6e; color: white;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">Docker<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd; text-align: left;\">Kubernetes (K8s)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Build v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i container.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c container \u0111\u00e3 build.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (Host) duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m (Cluster) nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">R\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-la-gi\/\">l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/a> vi\u00ean.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp (Learning curve) d\u1ed1c, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c DevOps\/SysAdmin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- H2: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Cloud Server \/ VPS \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y Kubernetes --><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_40984\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-40984\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-40984\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Docker-va-Kubernetes.webp\" alt=\"Docker v\u00e0 Kubernetes\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Docker-va-Kubernetes.webp 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Docker-va-Kubernetes-300x224.webp 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Docker-va-Kubernetes-768x573.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-40984\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Docker v\u00e0 Kubernetes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yeu-cau-cau-hinh-Cloud-Server-VPS-de-chay-Kubernetes\"><\/span>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Cloud Server \/ VPS \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y Kubernetes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Kubernetes l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Control Plane \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f5i. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai K8s tr\u00ean c\u00e1c g\u00f3i hosting gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Master Node:<\/strong> T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 2 CPU Cores v\u00e0 4GB RAM. Khuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng NVMe \u0111\u1ec3 etcd \u0111\u1ecdc ghi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u1eaft n\u00fat c\u1ed5 chai (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/bottleneck-la-gi\/\">bottleneck<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Worker Node:<\/strong> T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 2 CPU Cores v\u00e0 2GB RAM cho m\u1ed7i Node (t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9 ra sao).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c Node trong c\u1ee5m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau qua <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mang-lan\/\">m\u1ea1ng LAN<\/a> \u1ea3o (Private Network \/ VPC) v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 1Gbps \u0111\u1ebfn 10Gbps. N\u1ebfu giao ti\u1ebfp qua <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-public-la-gi\/\">IP Public<\/a>, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/latency-la-gi\/\">latency<\/a>) s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 to\u00e0n c\u1ee5m (split-brain).<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea Cloud Server t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vps-nvme-la-gi\/\">VPS NVMe<\/a> c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 VPC n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u1eaft khe n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><!-- CTA BOX --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #0f6cbf; background: #f0f7ff; border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0; padding: 20px 24px; margin: 40px 0; max-width: 100%;\">\n<div style=\"display: flex; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 12px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 22px; margin-right: 10px;\">\ud83d\udca1<\/span><br \/>\n<strong style=\"color: #1a3c6e; font-size: 17px;\">H\u1ea1 T\u1ea7ng Cloud Server \/ VPS NVMe \u2014 InterData<\/strong><\/div>\n<p style=\"color: #333; font-size: 14px; margin: 0 0 16px 0; line-height: 1.6;\">Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5m Kubernetes v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a Control Plane v\u00e0 Worker Node.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #555; font-size: 13px; margin: 0 0 18px 0;\"><strong style=\"color: #0f6cbf;\">\u2713<\/strong> \u1ed4 c\u1ee9ng NVMe Enterprise si\u00eau t\u1ed1c <strong style=\"color: #0f6cbf;\">\u2713<\/strong> H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng chu\u1ea9n doanh nghi\u1ec7p <strong style=\"color: #0f6cbf;\">\u2713<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/uptime-la-gi\/\">Uptime<\/a> 99.9%<\/p>\n<p><a style=\"display: inline-block; background: #0f6cbf; color: #fff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; padding: 10px 22px; border-radius: 6px;\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/cloud-server\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xem B\u1ea3ng Gi\u00e1 Cloud Server R\u1ebb \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"display: inline-block; background: #0f6cbf; color: #fff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; padding: 10px 22px; border-radius: 6px;\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-vps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xem B\u1ea3ng Gi\u00e1 Thu\u00ea VPS R\u1ebb \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- H2: Gi\u1ea3i \u0110\u00e1p Nhanh V\u1ec1 Kubernetes (FAQ) --><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai-Dap-Nhanh-Ve-Kubernetes-FAQ\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i \u0110\u00e1p Nhanh V\u1ec1 Kubernetes (FAQ)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><!-- H3 d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho FAQ --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"K8s-la-viet-tat-cua-tu-gi\"><\/span>K8s l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb K8s b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i t\u00e0u&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;Hoa ti\u00eau&#8221;. C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft n\u00e0y tu\u00e2n theo quy t\u1eafc numeronym trong gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7: K l\u00e0 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, s l\u00e0 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 8 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u00e1m k\u00fd t\u1ef1 b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf \u1edf gi\u1eefa (u-b-e-r-n-e-t-e).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Website-nho-co-nen-dung-Kubernetes-khong\"><\/span>Website nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng Kubernetes kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean. K8s sinh ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Microservices kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/website-la-gi\/\">website<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wordpress-la-gi\/\">WordPress<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/blog-la-gi\/\">blog<\/a> c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ecf, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp K8s l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng &#8220;d\u00f9ng dao m\u1ed5 tr\u00e2u gi\u1ebft g\u00e0&#8221;. M\u1ed9t Cloud Server th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y LEMP\/LAMP <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/stack-la-gi\/\">stack<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed r\u1ebb h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kubernetes-co-thay-the-Docker-Swarm-khong\"><\/span>Kubernetes c\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf Docker Swarm kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>V\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3. Kubernetes hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 doanh nghi\u1ec7p (Enterprise) v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (de-facto standard). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Docker Swarm c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, auto-scaling s\u00e2u v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/plugin-la-gi\/\">plugin<\/a> \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 m\u00e0 K8s cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cai-dat-Kubernetes-len-Cloud-Server-bang-cach-nao\"><\/span>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Kubernetes l\u00ean Cloud Server b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>SysAdmin th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 <code>kubeadm<\/code> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u1ee5m (bootstrap) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/he-dieu-hanh-linux-la-gi\/\">Linux<\/a>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c giao di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5p cao nh\u01b0 Ansible, Rancher, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Helm chart \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co-the-chay-Kubernetes-tren-moi-truong-Local-may-tinh-ca-nhan-khong\"><\/span>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y Kubernetes tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Local (m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n) kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean server th\u1eadt. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tinh g\u1ecdn sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Minikube:<\/strong> \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i m\u1ed9t Node duy nh\u1ea5t trong <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/virtual-machine-la-gi\/\">m\u00e1y \u1ea3o<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kind (Kubernetes IN Docker):<\/strong> Ch\u1ea1y K8s s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c container Docker l\u00e0m Node.<\/li>\n<li><strong>MicroK8s:<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb9, nhanh g\u1ecdn do Canonical (nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ubuntu-server-la-gi\/\">Ubuntu<\/a>) cung c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><!-- K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN --><\/p>\n<p>H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng monolithic truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y g\u1ed1c (Cloud Native) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 <strong>kubernetes l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> v\u00e0 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/data-pipeline-la-gi\/\">d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a> \u0111i t\u1eeb Master Node xu\u1ed1ng Worker Node l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh microservices v\u1edbi Kubernetes tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t <a href=\"\/vps-vs-cloud-server\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 VPS ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/a> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai kubernetes, h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 InterData \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, k\u00e8m c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Website: <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interdata.vn<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Facebook: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/interdata.com.vn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">facebook.com\/interdata.com.vn<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Hotline: 1900 636 822<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh: Kubernetes (K8s) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng container. Thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng t\u1eebng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, K8s gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i khi c\u00f3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40985,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cloud-server","category-vps"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2813"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28168,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2813\/revisions\/28168"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40985"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}