{"id":28075,"date":"2025-05-15T09:05:51","date_gmt":"2025-05-15T02:05:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=28075"},"modified":"2025-05-19T09:55:57","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T02:55:57","slug":"destructor-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/destructor-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Destructor l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m h\u1ee7y C++: Khi n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/destructor-la-gi\/#Ham-huy-%E2%80%93-Destructor-la-gi\" >H\u00e0m h\u1ee7y &#8211; Destructor l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/destructor-la-gi\/#Cu-phap-cua-hDestructor-trong-C\" >C\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a hDestructor trong C++<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/destructor-la-gi\/#Vi-du-ve-ham-Destructor-trong-C\" >V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m Destructor trong C++<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/destructor-la-gi\/#Ham-huy-Destructor-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\" >H\u00e0m h\u1ee7y Destructor ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/destructor-la-gi\/#Cac-dac-diem-co-ban-cua-Destructor\" >C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Destructor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/destructor-la-gi\/#Khi-nao-ham-destructor-duoc-goi\" >Khi n\u00e0o h\u00e0m destructor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/destructor-la-gi\/#Cac-ngon-ngu-khong-co-Destructor\" >C\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Destructor<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/destructor-la-gi\/#C\" >C<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/destructor-la-gi\/#JavaScript\" >JavaScript<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/destructor-la-gi\/#Java\" >Java<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/destructor-la-gi\/#So-sanh-ham-Destructor-voi-Constructor-trong-lap-trinh\" >So s\u00e1nh h\u00e0m Destructor v\u1edbi Constructor trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/destructor-la-gi\/#Diem-giong-nhau-giua-Constructor-va-Destructor\" >\u0110i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa Constructor v\u00e0 Destructor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/destructor-la-gi\/#Diem-khac-nhau-giua-Constructor-va-Destructor\" >\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa Constructor v\u00e0 Destructor<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Destructor (H\u00e0m h\u1ee7y) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft code C++ an to\u00e0n, tr\u00e1nh r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb InterData s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft: <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/destructor-la-gi\/\"><strong>H\u00e0m h\u1ee7y &#8211; Destructor l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong><\/a>, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Destructor trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh C++. \u0110\u1ecdc ngay!<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ham-huy-%E2%80%93-Destructor-la-gi\"><\/span><strong>H\u00e0m h\u1ee7y &#8211; Destructor l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Khi b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh C++, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p Destructor, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0m h\u1ee7y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong class c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ecdi ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n &#8220;k\u1ebft th\u00fac&#8221;, sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28077\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28077\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Ham-huy-Destructor-la-gi.jpg\" alt=\"H\u00e0m h\u1ee7y - Destructor l\u00e0 g\u00ec\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28077\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Ham-huy-Destructor-la-gi.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Ham-huy-Destructor-la-gi-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Ham-huy-Destructor-la-gi-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Ham-huy-Destructor-la-gi-750x469.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28077\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">H\u00e0m h\u1ee7y &#8211; Destructor l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m h\u1ee7y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 <strong>&#8220;d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p&#8221; nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng<\/strong>. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u00ea b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1edf file hay k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng, ch\u00ednh h\u00e0m h\u1ee7y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m h\u1ee7y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0o b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean sau khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb (memory leak) ho\u1eb7c r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, gi\u1eef cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin-left: 0px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cu-phap-cua-hDestructor-trong-C\"><\/span><strong>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a hDestructor trong C++<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 0px;\">C\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m h\u1ee7y (<i>Destructor<\/i>) trong C++ nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p:<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure class=\"table\" style=\"height: auto !important; width: 758.8px;\">\n<table style=\"border-color: !important; border-width: 0px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-color: !important; border-width: 0px; height: auto !important; padding: 0px !important; width: auto !important;\">\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-color: !important; border-width: 0px; height: auto !important; padding: 0px !important; width: 725.65px;\">\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>~TenLop() { };<\/code><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 0px;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o h\u00e0m h\u1ee7y cho l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\u00a0nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure class=\"table\" style=\"height: auto !important; width: 758.8px;\">\n<table style=\"border-color: !important; border-width: 0px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-color: !important; border-width: 0px; height: auto !important; padding: 0px !important; width: auto !important;\">\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">1<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">2<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">3<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-color: !important; border-width: 0px; height: auto !important; padding: 0px !important; width: 725.65px;\">\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>class<\/code> <code>NhanVien {\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>\u00a0\u00a0 public:\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ~NhanVien(){};<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>};<\/code><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"margin-left: 0px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi-du-ve-ham-Destructor-trong-C\"><\/span><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m Destructor trong C++<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 0px;\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m h\u1ee7y trong C++ nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure class=\"table\" style=\"height: auto !important; width: 758.8px;\">\n<table style=\"border-color: !important; border-width: 0px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-color: !important; border-width: 0px; height: auto !important; padding: 0px !important; width: auto !important;\">\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">1<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">2<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">3<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">4<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">5<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">6<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">7<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">8<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">9<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">10<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">11<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">12<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">13<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">14<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">15<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\">16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-color: !important; border-width: 0px; height: auto !important; padding: 0px !important; width: 717.4px;\">\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>using<\/code> <code>namespace<\/code> <code>std;\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>class<\/code> <code>NhanVien\u00a0 {\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>\u00a0\u00a0 public:\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NhanVien() {\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 cout &lt;&lt; \"Ham xay dung duoc goi\"<\/code> <code>&lt;&lt; endl;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 }\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ~NhanVien() {\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 cout &lt;&lt; \"Ham huy duoc goi\"<\/code> <code>&lt;&lt; endl;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 }\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>};\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>int<\/code> <code>main(void) {\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NhanVien n1;\u00a0\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NhanVien n2;<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 return<\/code> <code>0;\u00a0<\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: !important;\"><code>}<\/code><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 0px;\"><strong>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-left: 0px;\">Ham xay dung duoc goi\r\n\r\nHam xay dung duoc goi\r\n\r\nHam huy duoc goi\r\n\r\nHam huy duoc goi<\/pre>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ham-huy-Destructor-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\"><\/span><strong>H\u00e0m h\u1ee7y Destructor ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Destructor (h\u00e0m h\u1ee7y) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ecdi khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng minh. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a destructor bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng &#8211; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh, ho\u1eb7c khi t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a <code>delete<\/code> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2014 th\u00ec destructor s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n<li>H\u00e0m destructor s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 b\u00ean trong n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi.<\/li>\n<li>Sau khi h\u00e0m destructor th\u1ef1c thi xong, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng (trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 C++), ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 thu gom r\u00e1c (garbage collection) trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-java\/\">Java<\/a> v\u00e0 C#.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-dac-diem-co-ban-cua-Destructor\"><\/span><strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Destructor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t destructor:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ean c\u1ee7a destructor gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u00ean l\u1edbp, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u d\u1ea5u ng\u00e3 (<code>~<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khai b\u00e1o nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t destructor trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<li>Destructor l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi constructor (h\u00e0m kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o), do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ea1p ch\u1ed3ng destructor.<\/li>\n<li>Destructor kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai b\u00e1o l\u00e0 <code>static<\/code> (t\u0129nh) ho\u1eb7c <code>const<\/code> (h\u1eb1ng).<\/li>\n<li>Destructor kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tham-so-parameter-la-gi\/\">tham s\u1ed1<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<li>Destructor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ecdi khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Destructor gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi constructor.<\/li>\n<li>Khi h\u1ee7y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28078\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28078\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Cac-dac-diem-co-ban-cua-Destructor.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Destructor\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28078\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Cac-dac-diem-co-ban-cua-Destructor.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Cac-dac-diem-co-ban-cua-Destructor-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Cac-dac-diem-co-ban-cua-Destructor-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Cac-dac-diem-co-ban-cua-Destructor-750x469.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28078\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Destructor<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khi-nao-ham-destructor-duoc-goi\"><\/span><strong>Khi n\u00e0o h\u00e0m destructor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>H\u00e0m destructor s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ecdi trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/li>\n<li>Khi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/li>\n<li>Khi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9a bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/li>\n<li>Khi to\u00e1n t\u1eed <code>delete<\/code> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-ngon-ngu-khong-co-Destructor\"><\/span><strong>C\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Destructor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"C\"><\/span><strong>C<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef C kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 destructor v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong C, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0m nh\u01b0 <code>malloc()<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 <code>free()<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"JavaScript\"><\/span><strong>JavaScript<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/javascript-la-gi\/\">JavaScript<\/a> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 destructor v\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf thu gom r\u00e1c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 <code>try...finally<\/code> ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafng nghe s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (event listeners).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Java\"><\/span><strong>Java<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Java kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 destructor theo ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Java s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf thu gom r\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c <code>finalize()<\/code> t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Trong Java hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac <code>try-with-resources<\/code> v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n <code>AutoCloseable<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So-sanh-ham-Destructor-voi-Constructor-trong-lap-trinh\"><\/span><strong>So s\u00e1nh h\u00e0m Destructor v\u1edbi Constructor trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng C++, Constructor v\u00e0 Destructor l\u00e0 hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m song h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho hai m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp v\u00e0 d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ebft ra code C++ an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diem-giong-nhau-giua-Constructor-va-Destructor\"><\/span><strong>\u0110i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa Constructor v\u00e0 Destructor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, Constructor v\u00e0 Destructor c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m chung \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t class. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng &#8216;h\u00e0m th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&#8217;, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong class.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u <strong>mang t\u00ean tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ean c\u1ee7a class ch\u1ee9a ch\u00fang<\/strong>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, class MyClass s\u1ebd c\u00f3 Constructor l\u00e0 MyClass() v\u00e0 Destructor l\u00e0 ~MyClass(). H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kieu-du-lieu-data-type\/\">ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a> tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 n\u00e0o, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 void.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28079\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28079\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/So-sanh-ham-Destructor-voi-Constructor-trong-lap-trinh.jpg\" alt=\"So s\u00e1nh h\u00e0m Destructor v\u1edbi Constructor trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh\" width=\"800\" height=\"380\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28079\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/So-sanh-ham-Destructor-voi-Constructor-trong-lap-trinh.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/So-sanh-ham-Destructor-voi-Constructor-trong-lap-trinh-300x143.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/So-sanh-ham-Destructor-voi-Constructor-trong-lap-trinh-768x365.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/So-sanh-ham-Destructor-voi-Constructor-trong-lap-trinh-750x356.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28079\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">So s\u00e1nh h\u00e0m Destructor v\u1edbi Constructor trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diem-khac-nhau-giua-Constructor-va-Destructor\"><\/span><strong>\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa Constructor v\u00e0 Destructor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Constructor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>&#8216;x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng&#8217;, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong> cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi n\u00f3 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. N\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, Destructor c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 <strong>&#8216;ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y&#8217; m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/strong>. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ecdi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t tr\u00ean Heap \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh r\u00f2 r\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Constructor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o (qua to\u00e1n t\u1eed new, khai b\u00e1o tr\u00ean <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/stack-la-gi\/\">stack<\/a>, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c&#8230;). Destructor th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y (ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi scope, d\u00f9ng to\u00e1n t\u1eed delete, k\u1ebft th\u00fac ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, do ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7&#8230;).<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, Constructor c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nhi\u1ec1u Constructor kh\u00e1c nhau (n\u1ea1p ch\u1ed3ng &#8211; overload) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<p>Destructor th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ea1p ch\u1ed3ng Destructor; m\u1ed9t class ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Destructor duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tham s\u1ed1 v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111a h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 virtual. Constructor kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 virtual, nh\u01b0ng Destructor c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 (v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean) l\u00e0 virtual trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi con tr\u1ecf l\u1edbp cha tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp con.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa Constructor v\u00e0 Destructor:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"table-destructor-constructor\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Constructor (H\u00e0m kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o)<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Destructor (H\u00e0m h\u1ee7y)<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>T\u00ean<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Gi\u1ed1ng t\u00ean l\u1edbp<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Gi\u1ed1ng t\u00ean l\u1edbp, c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ~ ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Ki\u1ec3u tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (c\u1ea3 void).<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Tham s\u1ed1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 (cho ph\u00e9p n\u1ea1p ch\u1ed3ng)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u (n\u1ea1p ch\u1ed3ng)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o (new ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng).<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Khi v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac (delete ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng).<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a new<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi sau new (tr\u00ean heap).<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1edfi delete (tr\u00ean heap).<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Destructor (H\u00e0m h\u1ee7y) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong C++ m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 H\u00e0m h\u1ee7y l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Constructor, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft code C++ an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi Destructor trong C++, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Destructor v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb (qua new\/delete, RAII) l\u00e0 C\u1ef0C K\u1ef2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng C++ ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean server. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 code C++ hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u01a1n tru. InterData cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-hosting\/\">thu\u00ea Hosting gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/a> ch\u1ec9 1K\/ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-vps\/\">thu\u00ea VPS ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb<\/a>, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/cloud-server\/\">thu\u00ea Cloud Server gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/a> t\u1ea1i InterData. V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cpu-server\/\">CPU<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cpu-amd-epyc\/\">AMD EPYC<\/a> c\u00f9ng SSD NVMe U.2 si\u00eau t\u1ed1c, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/bang-thong-la-gi\/\">b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/a> cao. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng C++ c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng uy t\u00edn, cao c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>INTERDATA<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Website:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Interdata.vn<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hotline:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>1900-636822<\/li>\n<li><strong>Email:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Info@interdata.vn<\/li>\n<li><strong>VP\u0110D:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>240 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Ch\u00ednh, P.11. Q. Ph\u00fa Nhu\u1eadn, TP. Ho\u0302\u0300 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/li>\n<li><strong>VPGD:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>S\u1ed1 211 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 5, K\u0110T Lakeview City, P. An Ph\u00fa, TP. Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c, TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Destructor (H\u00e0m h\u1ee7y) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft code C++ an to\u00e0n, tr\u00e1nh r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb InterData s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft: H\u00e0m h\u1ee7y &#8211; Destructor l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Destructor trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":28080,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[140],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lap-trinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28075"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28075\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28680,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28075\/revisions\/28680"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28080"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28075"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28075"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}