{"id":27793,"date":"2025-05-02T17:37:48","date_gmt":"2025-05-02T10:37:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=27793"},"modified":"2025-05-02T17:37:48","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T10:37:48","slug":"dia-chi-ip-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ISP"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Dia-chi-IP-la-gi\" >\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Tai-sao-dia-chi-IP-lai-quan-trong\" >T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Dia-chi-IP-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\" >\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Cac-phien-ban-dia-chi-IP-IPv4-va-IPv6\" >C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP: IPv4 v\u00e0 IPv6<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Dia-chi-IPv4-la-gi\" >\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Dia-chi-IPv6-la-gi\" >\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv6 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#So-sanh-nhanh-IPv4-va-IPv6\" >So s\u00e1nh nhanh IPv4 v\u00e0 IPv6<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Phan-loai-dia-chi-IP-pho-bien\" >Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Dia-chi-IP-Cong-cong-Public-IP-va-Dia-chi-IP-Rieng-tu-Private-IP\" >\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (Public IP) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (Private IP)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Dia-chi-IP-Tinh-Static-IP-va-Dia-chi-IP-Dong-Dynamic-IP\" >\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP T\u0129nh (Static IP) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0110\u1ed9ng (Dynamic IP)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Lam-the-nao-de-xem-dia-chi-IP-cua-ban\" >L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 xem \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Cach-kiem-tra-dia-chi-IP-Public\" >C\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Cach-kiem-tra-dia-chi-IP-Private-tren-cac-thiet-bi\" >C\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Dia-chi-IP-va-Quyen-rieng-tuBao-mat\" >\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 Quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0\/B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Dia-chi-IP-tiet-lo-thong-tin-gi\" >\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Cach-bao-vean-dia-chi-IP-cua-ban\" >C\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\/\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Vai-tro-cua-Nha-cung-cap-dich-vu-Internet-ISP\" >Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISP)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Dia-chi-IP-trong-Web-Hosting\" >\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP trong Web Hosting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Cau-hoi-thuong-gap-ve-dia-chi-IP-FAQ\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP (FAQ)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Dia-chi-IP-va-dia-chi-MAC-khac-nhau-nhu-the-nao\" >\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Toi-co-the-thay-doi-dia-chi-IP-cua-minh-khong\" >T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Co-bao-nhieu-dia-chi-IP\" >C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/#Dia-chi-IP-19216811-la-gi\" >\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP 192.168.1.1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, t\u1eeb g\u1eedi email \u0111\u1ebfn xem video. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISP) gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng internet hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n IPv4\/IPv6, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i IP Public\/Private, T\u0129nh\/\u0110\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1ch xem IP v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dia-chi-IP-la-gi\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/\">\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP<\/a> (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Internet Protocol address &#8211; \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Giao th\u1ee9c Internet) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Giao th\u1ee9c Internet \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27799\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP.jpg 750w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e0 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean internet ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (LAN &#8211; Local Area Network).<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 g\u1eedi th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ec3 g\u1eedi ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn th\u01b0 (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng), b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (data packet) \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ea1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 internet). S\u1ef1 duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, cho ph\u00e9p h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn (routing) ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a internet.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai-sao-dia-chi-IP-lai-quan-trong\"><\/span>T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh internet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhau v\u00e0 g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 giao th\u01b0, internet c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb. M\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web, camera an ninh, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c bi\u1ebft &#8220;\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP cho ph\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n qua nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. Khi b\u1ea1n truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t website, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u router (b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn). M\u1ed7i router s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean g\u1eedi g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp theo, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 g\u1eedi email, duy\u1ec7t web, xem video, ch\u01a1i game online, hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 &#8220;t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3&#8221; s\u1ed1 cho d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00f4ng tin to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-01.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP 01\" width=\"750\" height=\"416\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27794\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-01.jpg 750w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-01-300x166.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dia-chi-IP-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ea1ng. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trang web, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (data packets).<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed7i g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ngu\u1ed3n (c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1eedi) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00edch (c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web). Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong b\u00ec th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i qua m\u1ea1ng. Ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb router n\u00e0y sang router kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed7i router ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00edch trong g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn router ti\u1ebfp theo g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00edch h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00edch tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i theo \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng tin ban \u0111\u1ea7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung trang web). Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISP) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-phien-ban-dia-chi-IP-IPv4-va-IPv6\"><\/span>C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP: IPv4 v\u00e0 IPv6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Giao th\u1ee9c Internet \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a hai phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ch\u00ednh \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng song song hi\u1ec7n nay: IPv4 v\u00e0 IPv6.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dia-chi-IPv4-la-gi\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 32-bit, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed1n c\u1ee5m s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, c\u00e1ch nhau b\u1edfi d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <code>192.168.1.1<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>8.8.8.8<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 32-bit, IPv4 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, kho\u1ea3ng 232 (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n 4.3 t\u1ef7) \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a internet v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 NAT (s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sau) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m, IPv6. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, IPv4 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp internet hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dia-chi-IPv6-la-gi\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv6 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a IPv4 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv6 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 128-bit, d\u00e0i h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi IPv4.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv6 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u00e1m nh\u00f3m k\u00fd t\u1ef1 th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n (hexadecimal), c\u00e1ch nhau b\u1edfi d\u1ea5u hai ch\u1ea5m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <code>2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334<\/code>). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc r\u00fat g\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi 128-bit, IPv6 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3: 2128 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, IPv6 c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac header \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n (IPsec), v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang IPv6 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So-sanh-nhanh-IPv4-va-IPv6\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh nhanh IPv4 v\u00e0 IPv6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa hai phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, h\u00e3y xem b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh sau:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<th>IPv4<\/th>\n<th>IPv6<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>32-bit<\/td>\n<td>128-bit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>S\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, 4 c\u1ee5m, c\u00e1ch nhau b\u1edfi &#8216;.&#8217;<\/td>\n<td>S\u1ed1 th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n, 8 nh\u00f3m, c\u00e1ch nhau b\u1edfi &#8216;:&#8217;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><code>172.16.254.1<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>~4.3 t\u1ef7 (232)<\/td>\n<td>R\u1ea5t l\u1edbn (2128)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c qua DHCP<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh (SLAAC), DHCPv6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>IPsec l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn<\/td>\n<td>IPsec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>NAT<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft do c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/td>\n<td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft do kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 l\u1edbn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan-loai-dia-chi-IP-pho-bien\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t theo phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n (IPv4\/IPv6), \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-05.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP 05\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27798\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-05.jpg 750w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-05-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dia-chi-IP-Cong-cong-Public-IP-va-Dia-chi-IP-Rieng-tu-Private-IP\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (Public IP) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (Private IP)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (Public IP):<\/strong> L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 internet. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t b\u1edfi Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISP) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng khu v\u1ef1c. M\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ra internet \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public. Website, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 email, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 game \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 IP Public \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (Private IP):<\/strong> L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (LAN), v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng Wi-Fi t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty. C\u00e1c d\u1ea3i IP Private ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m <code>10.x.x.x<\/code>, <code>172.16.x.x<\/code> \u0111\u1ebfn <code>172.31.x.x<\/code>, v\u00e0 <code>192.168.x.x<\/code>. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean internet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u1eady l\u00e0m sao c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng IP Private c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp internet? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 <strong>NAT (Network Address Translation)<\/strong>. Router c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 modem Wi-Fi) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public duy nh\u1ea5t do ISP c\u1ea5p. Khi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng LAN (d\u00f9ng IP Private) mu\u1ed1n ra internet, router s\u1ebd &#8220;d\u1ecbch&#8221; \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh router tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i. Khi nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, router l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng IP Private.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dia-chi-IP-Tinh-Static-IP-va-Dia-chi-IP-Dong-Dynamic-IP\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP T\u0129nh (Static IP) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0110\u1ed9ng (Dynamic IP)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0110\u1ed9ng (Dynamic IP):<\/strong> L\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed7i khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng internet gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ISP c\u1ea5p IP \u0110\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua giao th\u1ee9c <strong>DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)<\/strong>. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd cho ISP v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP T\u0129nh (Static IP):<\/strong> L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. IP T\u0129nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (web server, email server, game server), thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng quan tr\u1ecdng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy c\u1eadp \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb xa. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd IP T\u0129nh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1n th\u00eam chi ph\u00ed v\u1edbi ISP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, IP \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0\u1edbt web, xem phim. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb xa \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, IP T\u0129nh s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam-the-nao-de-xem-dia-chi-IP-cua-ban\"><\/span>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 xem \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public v\u00e0 Private c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb xa. C\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-02.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP 02\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27795\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-02.jpg 750w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-02-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach-kiem-tra-dia-chi-IP-Public\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1ch nhanh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 xem \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c trang web v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y) l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c trang web nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>whatismyipaddress.com<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>ipinfo.io<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>whatismyip.com<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u00ean Google v\u1edbi c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb &#8220;what is my IP address&#8221;. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ngay \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00ean ISP.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach-kiem-tra-dia-chi-IP-Private-tren-cac-thiet-bi\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c router c\u1ea5p cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. C\u00e1ch xem \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00ean Windows:<\/strong>\n<ol>\n<li>M\u1edf <strong>Command Prompt<\/strong> (g\u00f5 <code>cmd<\/code> v\u00e0o \u00f4 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm) ho\u1eb7c <strong>PowerShell<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f5 l\u1ec7nh <code>ipconfig<\/code> v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n Enter.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ecm d\u00f2ng &#8220;IPv4 Address&#8221; trong ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 card m\u1ea1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 &#8220;Ethernet adapter&#8221; n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c &#8220;Wireless LAN adapter Wi-Fi&#8221; n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng Wi-Fi). \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00ean macOS:<\/strong>\n<ol>\n<li>M\u1edf <strong>System Preferences<\/strong> (T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng) &gt; <strong>Network<\/strong> (M\u1ea1ng).<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ecdn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (Wi-Fi ho\u1eb7c Ethernet) \u1edf c\u1ed9t b\u00ean tr\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, ghi l\u00e0 &#8220;IP Address&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>Ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf <strong>Terminal<\/strong> v\u00e0 g\u00f5 l\u1ec7nh <code>ipconfig getifaddr en0<\/code> (cho Wi-Fi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 en1 cho Ethernet).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00ean Android:<\/strong>\n<ol>\n<li>V\u00e0o <strong>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t (Settings)<\/strong> &gt; <strong>Wi-Fi &amp; M\u1ea1ng (Network &amp; internet)<\/strong> &gt; <strong>Wi-Fi<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1ea5n v\u00e0o t\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Wi-Fi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra, bao g\u1ed3m &#8220;\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00ean iOS (iPhone\/iPad):<\/strong>\n<ol>\n<li>V\u00e0o <strong>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t (Settings)<\/strong> &gt; <strong>Wi-Fi<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1ea5n v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef &#8220;i&#8221; (information) b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh t\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Wi-Fi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong m\u1ee5c &#8220;\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dia-chi-IP-va-Quyen-rieng-tuBao-mat\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 Quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0\/B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-04.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP 04\" width=\"750\" height=\"518\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27797\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-04.jpg 750w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-04-300x207.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dia-chi-IP-tiet-lo-thong-tin-gi\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh:<\/strong> IP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c gia, khu v\u1ef1c\/th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n \u0111ang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tra c\u1ee9u IP.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISP):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP cho bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Viettel, FPT, VNPT).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP th\u01b0\u1eddng <strong>kh\u00f4ng<\/strong> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 danh t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i hay email c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ISP c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0o v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o. Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 cho c\u01a1 quan th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt khi c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach-bao-vean-dia-chi-IP-cua-ban\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\/\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: truy c\u1eadp n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c), c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>VPN (Virtual Private Network &#8211; M\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang \u1ea3o):<\/strong> Khi b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i qua VPN, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp internet c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn qua m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p VPN. C\u00e1c trang web v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n truy c\u1eadp s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 VPN, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i IP g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Proxy Server:<\/strong> Proxy ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng trung gian gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 internet. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn proxy, sau \u0111\u00f3 proxy g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh proxy. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 proxy \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9n danh tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 uy t\u00edn.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vai-tro-cua-Nha-cung-cap-dich-vu-Internet-ISP\"><\/span>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISP)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISP &#8211; Internet Service Provider) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Viettel, VNPT, FPT Telecom t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam).<\/p>\n<p>ISP s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i (block) \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public l\u1edbn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd Internet Khu v\u1ef1c (RIR &#8211; Regional Internet Registry) nh\u01b0 APNIC cho khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 &#8211; Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 internet, ISP s\u1ebd c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public cho modem\/router c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 IP \u0110\u1ed9ng). \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng internet to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. ISP c\u0169ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS (Domain Name System) gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP.<\/p>\n<p>ISP ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ra internet v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-03.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP 03\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27796\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-03.jpg 750w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dia-chi-IP-03-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dia-chi-IP-trong-Web-Hosting\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP trong Web Hosting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c web hosting, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed7i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web (server) n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u website c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i hosting chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p <strong>\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP t\u0129nh (Static IP)<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c <strong>\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang (Dedicated IP)<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a website kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c trang th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp website kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n (domain name)<\/strong> d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <code>google.com<\/code>). H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <strong>DNS (Domain Name System)<\/strong> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t danh b\u1ea1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 <strong>\u00e1nh x\u1ea1 (maps)<\/strong> t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng g\u00f5 v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u00f3i hosting chia s\u1ebb (shared hosting) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP d\u00f9ng chung (Shared IP)<\/strong>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u website c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng IP t\u0129nh\/ri\u00eang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 SEO, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt (c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t SSL ri\u00eang) v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o website v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-hosting\/\">Thu\u00ea Hosting<\/a> ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i InterData v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, SSD NVMe U.2, gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 1K\/ng\u00e0y. V\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh, b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-vps\/\">Thu\u00ea VPS<\/a> uy t\u00edn d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd AMD EPYC Gen 3th, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 3K\/ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau-hoi-thuong-gap-ve-dia-chi-IP-FAQ\"><\/span>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP (FAQ)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dia-chi-IP-va-dia-chi-MAC-khac-nhau-nhu-the-nao\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP (logic) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 IP \u0111\u1ed9ng). \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC (Media Access Control &#8211; v\u1eadt l\u00fd) l\u00e0 m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng card m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. MAC d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (LAN), IP d\u00f9ng cho c\u1ea3 LAN v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng (WAN\/Internet).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Toi-co-the-thay-doi-dia-chi-IP-cua-minh-khong\"><\/span>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public \u0110\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i modem\/router (\u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t l\u00fac ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ISP). IP Private c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i DHCP. IP T\u0129nh ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ISP. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng VPN\/Proxy c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch &#8220;thay \u0111\u1ed5i&#8221; IP m\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co-bao-nhieu-dia-chi-IP\"><\/span>C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>IPv4 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 4.3 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 (232). IPv6 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn, kho\u1ea3ng 340 undecillion (3.4 x 1038) \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 (2128), \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai r\u1ea5t xa.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dia-chi-IP-19216811-la-gi\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP 192.168.1.1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 gateway m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh (default gateway) cho c\u00e1c router Wi-Fi gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y qua tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o trang c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a router.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 IP l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, t\u1eeb g\u1eedi email \u0111\u1ebfn xem video. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISP) gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng internet hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":27799,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hosting"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27793","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27793"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27800,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27793\/revisions\/27800"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}