{"id":27289,"date":"2025-04-19T16:28:15","date_gmt":"2025-04-19T09:28:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=27289"},"modified":"2025-04-19T16:41:06","modified_gmt":"2025-04-19T09:41:06","slug":"list-trong-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/","title":{"rendered":"List trong Python l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#List-trong-Python-la-gi\" >List trong Python l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Cac-dac-diem-chinh-cua-List-trong-Python\" >C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a List trong Python<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#List-co-thu-tu-Ordered\" >List c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 (Ordered)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#List-co-the-thay-doi-Mutable\" >List c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (Mutable)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#List-cho-phep-phan-tu-trung-lap-Allows-Duplicates\" >List cho ph\u00e9p ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p (Allows Duplicates)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#List-co-the-chua-nhieu-kieu-du-lieu-khac-nhau-Heterogeneous\" >List c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau (Heterogeneous)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Huong-dan-cach-tao-List-trong-Python\" >H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o List trong Python<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Cach-1-Tao-list-rong\" >C\u00e1ch 1: T\u1ea1o list r\u1ed7ng []<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Cach-2-Tao-list-voi-cac-phan-tu-ban-dau\" >C\u00e1ch 2: T\u1ea1o list v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Cach-3-Su-dung-ham-khoi-tao-list\" >C\u00e1ch 3: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o list()<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Cach-truy-cap-cac-phan-tu-trong-List-Python\" >C\u00e1ch truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong List Python<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Truy-cap-bang-chi-muc-duong-Positive-Indexing\" >Truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u01a1ng (Positive Indexing)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Truy-cap-bang-chi-muc-am-Negative-Indexing\" >Truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c \u00e2m (Negative Indexing)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Cat-List-Slicing-%E2%80%93-Lay-mot-doan-list-con\" >C\u1eaft List (Slicing) &#8211; L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n list con<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Cac-thao-tac-co-ban-va-pho-bien-voi-List\" >C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi List<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Them-phan-tu-vao-List-append-insert\" >Th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u00e0o List: append(), insert()<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Xoa-phan-tu-khoi-List-remove-pop-del\" >X\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u1ecfi List: remove(), pop(), del<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Sua-doi-gia-tri-phan-tu-cua-List\" >S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a List<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Lay-so-luong-phan-tu-trong-List-len\" >L\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong List: len()<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Sap-xep-List-sort-sorted\" >S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp List: sort(), sorted()<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Khi-nao-ban-nen-su-dung-List-trong-Python\" >Khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng List trong Python?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#So-sanh-nhanh-List-va-Tuple-trong-Python\" >So s\u00e1nh nhanh: List v\u00e0 Tuple trong Python<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Diem-giong-nhau\" >\u0110i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Khac-biet-chinh-Tinh-Mutable-vs-Immutable\" >Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh: T\u00ednh Mutable vs Immutable<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Tong-hop-vi-du-thuc-te-ve-List-trong-Python\" >T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 List trong Python<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Cau-hoi-thuong-gap-ve-List-trong-Python-FAQ\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 List trong Python (FAQ)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#List-co-giong-Mang-Array-trong-cac-ngon-ngu-khac-khong\" >List c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng M\u1ea3ng (Array) trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Lam-sao-de-kiem-tra-mot-gia-tri-co-ton-tai-trong-List-khong\" >L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong List kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Co-the-co-List-long-ben-trong-List-khac-khong\" >C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 List l\u1ed3ng b\u00ean trong List kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#List-comprehension-la-gi\" >List comprehension l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/#Ket-luan-Tom-tat-ve-List-trong-Python\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: T\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 List trong Python<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi Python th\u00ec s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 List. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thao t\u00e1c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong Python.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, InterData s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 list trong Python \u2013 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o danh s\u00e1ch cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u01b0 th\u00eam, x\u00f3a, duy\u1ec7t qua ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed,&#8230; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc Python.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"List-trong-Python-la-gi\"><\/span>List trong Python l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>List trong Python l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed<\/strong> &#8211; element ho\u1eb7c item) theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/bien-la-gi\/\">bi\u1ebfn<\/a> duy nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng list gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m hay m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y gh\u1ebf trong r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu phim.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a list l\u00e0 n\u00f3 <strong>c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 (ordered)<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed khi b\u1ea1n th\u00eam v\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1ea1n th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 hai, v.v.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, list c\u00f2n <strong>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (mutable)<\/strong>. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n linh ho\u1ea1t th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi, x\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi list \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a list.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t list, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed mong mu\u1ed1n b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng <code>[]<\/code>, v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y <code>,<\/code>. M\u1ed9t \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 list c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t list.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t list ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean (integer), chu\u1ed7i k\u00fd t\u1ef1 (string), v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c (float):<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># M\u1ed9t list ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\r\nthong_tin_sv = [\"Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n A\", 20, 8.5]\r\nprint(thong_tin_sv)\r\n# Output: ['Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n A', 20, 8.5]\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, <code>thong_tin_sv<\/code> l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0u tr\u1eef list, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean (chu\u1ed7i), tu\u1ed5i (s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean), v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m trung b\u00ecnh (s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c). Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho list tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/List-trong-python-la-gi.jpg\" alt=\"List trong python l\u00e0 g\u00ec\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27290\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/List-trong-python-la-gi.jpg 750w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/List-trong-python-la-gi-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-dac-diem-chinh-cua-List-trong-Python\"><\/span>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a List trong Python<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 <strong>kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m list Python<\/strong>, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng list v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn list thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tuple hay set.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"List-co-thu-tu-Ordered\"><\/span>List c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 (Ordered)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, &#8220;c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1&#8221; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong list \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec theo \u0111\u00fang tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam ch\u00fang v\u00e0o. Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean lu\u00f4n \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o list <code>mau_sac = [\"\u0111\u1ecf\", \"v\u00e0ng\", \"xanh\"]<\/code>, th\u00ec &#8220;\u0111\u1ecf&#8221; s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, &#8220;v\u00e0ng&#8221; l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 &#8220;xanh&#8221; l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba, tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">mau_sac = [\"\u0111\u1ecf\", \"v\u00e0ng\", \"xanh\"]\r\nprint(mau_sac)\r\n# Output: ['\u0111\u1ecf', 'v\u00e0ng', 'xanh']\r\n\r\n# Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec\r\nprint(mau_sac[0]) # Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\r\n# Output: \u0111\u1ecf\r\nprint(mau_sac[1]) # Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed th\u1ee9 hai\r\n# Output: v\u00e0ng\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>T\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c thi.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"List-co-the-thay-doi-Mutable\"><\/span>List c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (Mutable)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;Mutable&#8221; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a list sau khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># T\u1ea1o list ban \u0111\u1ea7u\r\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\r\nprint(\"List ban \u0111\u1ea7u:\", numbers)\r\n# Output: List ban \u0111\u1ea7u: [1, 2, 3, 4]\r\n\r\n# Thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 2 (index 1)\r\nnumbers[1] = 200\r\nprint(\"Sau khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i:\", numbers)\r\n# Output: Sau khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i: [1, 200, 3, 4]\r\n\r\n# Th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i\r\nnumbers.append(5)\r\nprint(\"Sau khi th\u00eam:\", numbers)\r\n# Output: Sau khi th\u00eam: [1, 200, 3, 4, 5]\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho list tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 danh s\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng mua s\u1eafm.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"List-cho-phep-phan-tu-trung-lap-Allows-Duplicates\"><\/span>List cho ph\u00e9p ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p (Allows Duplicates)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u <code>set<\/code>, list ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed (index) ri\u00eang trong list.<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># List ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p\r\ndiem_so = [10, 8, 9, 8, 10, 7, 8]\r\nprint(diem_so)\r\n# Output: [10, 8, 9, 8, 10, 7, 8]\r\n\r\n# \u0110\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 8\r\nso_lan_xuat_hien_8 = diem_so.count(8)\r\nprint(\"S\u1ed1 8 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n:\", so_lan_xuat_hien_8, \"l\u1ea7n\")\r\n# Output: S\u1ed1 8 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: 3 l\u1ea7n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"List-co-the-chua-nhieu-kieu-du-lieu-khac-nhau-Heterogeneous\"><\/span>List c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau (Heterogeneous)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t list trong Python c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean (<code>int<\/code>), s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c (<code>float<\/code>), chu\u1ed7i k\u00fd t\u1ef1 (<code>str<\/code>), boolean (<code>True<\/code>\/<code>False<\/code>), v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c list kh\u00e1c (t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh list l\u1ed3ng nhau &#8211; nested list).<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># List ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\r\nmixed_list = [1, \"Python\", 3.14, True, [\"a\", \"b\"]]\r\nprint(mixed_list)\r\n# Output: [1, 'Python', 3.14, True, ['a', 'b']]\r\n\r\n# Truy c\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t list kh\u00e1c\r\nprint(mixed_list[4])\r\n# Output: ['a', 'b']\r\n# Truy c\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong list l\u1ed3ng nhau\r\nprint(mixed_list[4][0])\r\n# Output: a\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>T\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng (heterogeneous) n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t l\u1edbn khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c nhau l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Huong-dan-cach-tao-List-trong-Python\"><\/span>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o List trong Python<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c <strong>khai b\u00e1o list trong Python<\/strong> r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach-1-Tao-list-rong\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch 1: T\u1ea1o list r\u1ed7ng <code>[]<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t list kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed n\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng <code>[]<\/code>. List r\u1ed7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u00eam c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u00e0o d\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c thi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t list r\u1ed7ng\r\ndanh_sach_rong = []\r\nprint(danh_sach_rong)\r\n# Output: []\r\n\r\n# Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a list r\u1ed7ng\r\nprint(len(danh_sach_rong))\r\n# Output: 0\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c <strong>t\u1ea1o list r\u1ed7ng<\/strong> r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed s\u1ebd c\u00f3 trong list ho\u1eb7c khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng list m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach-2-Tao-list-voi-cac-phan-tu-ban-dau\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch 2: T\u1ea1o list v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ban \u0111\u1ea7u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o list, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai b\u00e1o ch\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u00ean trong c\u1eb7p ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng <code>[]<\/code> v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y <code>,<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># T\u1ea1o list ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean\r\nnumbers = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\r\nprint(numbers)\r\n# Output: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\r\n\r\n# T\u1ea1o list ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i k\u00fd t\u1ef1\r\nhoc_vien = [\"An\", \"B\u00ecnh\", \"C\u01b0\u1eddng\"]\r\nprint(hoc_vien)\r\n# Output: ['An', 'B\u00ecnh', 'C\u01b0\u1eddng']\r\n\r\n# T\u1ea1o list ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\r\nthong_tin_san_pham = [\"Laptop XYZ\", 1500.50, 50, True] # T\u00ean, Gi\u00e1, S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, C\u00f2n h\u00e0ng\r\nprint(thong_tin_san_pham)\r\n# Output: ['Laptop XYZ', 1500.5, 50, True]\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 <strong>c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o list python<\/strong> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef theo \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea1n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach-3-Su-dung-ham-khoi-tao-list\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch 3: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o <code>list()<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Python cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n l\u00e0 <code>list()<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o list. H\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy\u1ec7t qua (iterable) kh\u00e1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tuple, set, dictionary (ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y keys), ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ed7i k\u00fd t\u1ef1, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t list.<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># T\u1ea1o list t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i k\u00fd t\u1ef1\r\nchuoi = \"Python\"\r\nlist_tu_chuoi = list(chuoi)\r\nprint(list_tu_chuoi)\r\n# Output: ['P', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o', 'n']\r\n\r\n# T\u1ea1o list t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tuple\r\nmy_tuple = (1, 2, 3)\r\nlist_tu_tuple = list(my_tuple)\r\nprint(list_tu_tuple)\r\n# Output: [1, 2, 3]\r\n\r\n# T\u1ea1o list t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t range (d\u00e3y s\u1ed1)\r\nlist_tu_range = list(range(5)) # T\u1ea1o d\u00e3y s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 4\r\nprint(list_tu_range)\r\n# Output: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\r\n\r\n# T\u1ea1o list r\u1ed7ng b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0m list()\r\nlist_rong_khac = list()\r\nprint(list_rong_khac)\r\n# Output: []\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>H\u00e0m <code>list()<\/code> r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o list t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach-truy-cap-cac-phan-tu-trong-List-Python\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong List Python<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c list, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u00ean trong n\u00f3. Python cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf <strong>indexing (l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c)<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>slicing (c\u1eaft list)<\/strong> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>truy c\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed list<\/strong> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truy-cap-bang-chi-muc-duong-Positive-Indexing\"><\/span>Truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u01a1ng (Positive Indexing)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong list \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t <strong>ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c (index)<\/strong> duy nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb: <strong>ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c trong Python b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 0<\/strong>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb 1. Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 index l\u00e0 0, ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 index l\u00e0 1, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed, b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9a list, theo sau l\u00e0 c\u1eb7p d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng <code>[]<\/code> ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">planets = [\"Mercury\", \"Venus\", \"Earth\", \"Mars\"]\r\n\r\n# Truy c\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (index 0)\r\nfirst_planet = planets[0]\r\nprint(\"H\u00e0nh tinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean:\", first_planet)\r\n# Output: H\u00e0nh tinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: Mercury\r\n\r\n# Truy c\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed th\u1ee9 ba (index 2)\r\nthird_planet = planets[2]\r\nprint(\"H\u00e0nh tinh th\u1ee9 ba:\", third_planet)\r\n# Output: H\u00e0nh tinh th\u1ee9 ba: Earth\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong list (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <code>planets[4]<\/code> trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean), Python s\u1ebd b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i <code>IndexError<\/code>. H\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i list tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truy-cap-bang-chi-muc-am-Negative-Indexing\"><\/span>Truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c \u00e2m (Negative Indexing)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Python c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c \u00e2m, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i list tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c <code>-1<\/code> tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, <code>-2<\/code> tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed k\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">planets = [\"Mercury\", \"Venus\", \"Earth\", \"Mars\"]\r\n\r\n# Truy c\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (index -1)\r\nlast_planet = planets[-1]\r\nprint(\"H\u00e0nh tinh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng:\", last_planet)\r\n# Output: H\u00e0nh tinh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng: Mars\r\n\r\n# Truy c\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed k\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i (index -2)\r\nsecond_last_planet = planets[-2]\r\nprint(\"H\u00e0nh tinh k\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i:\", second_last_planet)\r\n# Output: H\u00e0nh tinh k\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i: Earth\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c \u00e2m r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a list.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cat-List-Slicing-%E2%80%93-Lay-mot-doan-list-con\"><\/span>C\u1eaft List (Slicing) &#8211; L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n list con<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Slicing<\/strong> l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n (m\u1ed9t list con) t\u1eeb list g\u1ed1c. C\u00fa ph\u00e1p slicing l\u00e0 <code>my_list[start:stop:step]<\/code>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>start<\/code>: Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u (bao g\u1ed3m). M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 0.<\/li>\n<li><code>stop<\/code>: Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c k\u1ebft th\u00fac (kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m). M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i list.<\/li>\n<li><code>step<\/code>: B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y (kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed). M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\r\n\r\n# L\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1eeb index 2 \u0111\u1ebfn index 5 (kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m 5)\r\nsub_list1 = numbers[2:5]\r\nprint(\"T\u1eeb index 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 5:\", sub_list1)\r\n# Output: T\u1eeb index 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 5: [2, 3, 4]\r\n\r\n# L\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn index 4 (kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m 4)\r\nsub_list2 = numbers[:4] # start m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 0\r\nprint(\"T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn 4:\", sub_list2)\r\n# Output: T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn 4: [0, 1, 2, 3]\r\n\r\n# L\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1eeb index 6 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft list\r\nsub_list3 = numbers[6:] # stop m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 h\u1ebft list\r\nprint(\"T\u1eeb index 6 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft:\", sub_list3)\r\n# Output: T\u1eeb index 6 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft: [6, 7, 8, 9]\r\n\r\n# L\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 list (t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n sao n\u00f4ng)\r\nsub_list4 = numbers[:]\r\nprint(\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 list:\", sub_list4)\r\n# Output: To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 list: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\r\n\r\n# L\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y l\u00e0 2 (l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ch\u1eb5n)\r\nsub_list5 = numbers[0:10:2] # Ho\u1eb7c numbers[::2]\r\nprint(\"C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ch\u1eb5n:\", sub_list5)\r\n# Output: C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ch\u1eb5n: [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]\r\n\r\n# \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c list b\u1eb1ng slicing\r\nreversed_list = numbers[::-1]\r\nprint(\"List \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c:\", reversed_list)\r\n# Output: List \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c: [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c <strong>c\u1eaft list python<\/strong> (slicing) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a list m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-thao-tac-co-ban-va-pho-bien-voi-List\"><\/span>C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi List<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nh\u1edd t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t <strong>mutable<\/strong>, list trong Python \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u <strong>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c (methods)<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>h\u00e0m (functions)<\/strong> t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c <strong>thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi list python<\/strong> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thao t\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Them-phan-tu-vao-List-append-insert\"><\/span>Th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u00e0o List: <code>append()<\/code>, <code>insert()<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u00e0o list python<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code><strong>append(element)<\/strong><\/code>: Th\u00eam <code>element<\/code> v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a list. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u00eam ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><code><strong>insert(index, element)<\/strong><\/code>: Ch\u00e8n <code>element<\/code> v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed <code>index<\/code> c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed <code>index<\/code> tr\u1edf \u0111i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y sang ph\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\r\nprint(\"List ban \u0111\u1ea7u:\", fruits)\r\n# Output: List ban \u0111\u1ea7u: ['apple', 'banana']\r\n\r\n# S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng append() \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i\r\nfruits.append(\"orange\")\r\nprint(\"Sau khi append:\", fruits)\r\n# Output: Sau khi append: ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\r\n\r\n# S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng insert() \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e8n v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed index 1\r\nfruits.insert(1, \"mango\")\r\nprint(\"Sau khi insert:\", fruits)\r\n# Output: Sau khi insert: ['apple', 'mango', 'banana', 'orange']\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c <code>extend(iterable)<\/code> c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 th\u00eam t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng iterable kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 list, tuple) v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i list hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">list1 = [1, 2, 3]\r\nlist2 = [4, 5, 6]\r\nlist1.extend(list2)\r\nprint(\"Sau khi extend:\", list1)\r\n# Output: Sau khi extend: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xoa-phan-tu-khoi-List-remove-pop-del\"><\/span>X\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u1ecfi List: <code>remove()<\/code>, <code>pop()<\/code>, <code>del<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 <strong>x\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u1ecfi list python<\/strong>, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code><strong>remove(value)<\/strong><\/code>: X\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong list c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng <code>value<\/code>. N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, s\u1ebd b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i <code>ValueError<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code><strong>pop(index=-1)<\/strong><\/code>: X\u00f3a v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed <code>index<\/code>. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 <code>index<\/code>, m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00f3a v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (index -1). N\u1ebfu index kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, b\u00e1o <code>IndexError<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code><strong>del list_name[index]<\/strong><\/code>: X\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed <code>index<\/code>. <code>del<\/code> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Python, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a list. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n list b\u1eb1ng slicing (<code>del my_list[start:stop]<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><code><strong>clear()<\/strong><\/code>: X\u00f3a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u1ecfi list, l\u00e0m cho list tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u1ed7ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">items = [\"book\", \"pen\", \"eraser\", \"ruler\", \"pen\"]\r\nprint(\"List ban \u0111\u1ea7u:\", items)\r\n# Output: List ban \u0111\u1ea7u: ['book', 'pen', 'eraser', 'ruler', 'pen']\r\n\r\n# X\u00f3a \"pen\" \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng remove()\r\nitems.remove(\"pen\")\r\nprint(\"Sau khi remove('pen'):\", items)\r\n# Output: Sau khi remove('pen'): ['book', 'eraser', 'ruler', 'pen']\r\n\r\n# X\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng pop()\r\nlast_item = items.pop()\r\nprint(\"Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1edfi pop():\", last_item)\r\n# Output: Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1edfi pop(): pen\r\nprint(\"List sau khi pop():\", items)\r\n# Output: List sau khi pop(): ['book', 'eraser', 'ruler']\r\n\r\n# X\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1ea1i index 0 b\u1eb1ng del\r\ndel items[0]\r\nprint(\"Sau khi del items[0]:\", items)\r\n# Output: Sau khi del items[0]: ['eraser', 'ruler']\r\n\r\n# X\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng clear()\r\nitems.clear()\r\nprint(\"Sau khi clear():\", items)\r\n# Output: Sau khi clear(): []\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c x\u00f3a n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n x\u00f3a theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (<code>remove<\/code>) hay theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed (<code>pop<\/code>, <code>del<\/code>), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a hay kh\u00f4ng (<code>pop<\/code>).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sua-doi-gia-tri-phan-tu-cua-List\"><\/span>S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a List<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>V\u00ec list l\u00e0 mutable, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng <strong>s\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed list<\/strong> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch truy c\u1eadp n\u00f3 qua ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 g\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng to\u00e1n t\u1eed g\u00e1n <code>=<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\r\nprint(\"List ban \u0111\u1ea7u:\", colors)\r\n# Output: List ban \u0111\u1ea7u: ['red', 'green', 'blue']\r\n\r\n# S\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1ea1i index 1\r\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\r\nprint(\"List sau khi s\u1eeda:\", colors)\r\n# Output: List sau khi s\u1eeda: ['red', 'yellow', 'blue']\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n list b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t iterable m\u1edbi cho slicing:<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\r\nprint(\"List s\u1ed1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u:\", numbers)\r\n# Output: List s\u1ed1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\r\n\r\n# Thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1eeb index 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 (kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m 3) b\u1eb1ng list m\u1edbi\r\nnumbers[1:3] = [20, 30]\r\nprint(\"Sau khi s\u1eeda slice [1:3]:\", numbers)\r\n# Output: Sau khi s\u1eeda slice [1:3]: [1, 20, 30, 4, 5]\r\n\r\n# Thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng list c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i kh\u00e1c\r\nnumbers[1:3] = [88, 99, 111]\r\nprint(\"Sau khi s\u1eeda slice [1:3] b\u1eb1ng list d\u00e0i h\u01a1n:\", numbers)\r\n# Output: Sau khi s\u1eeda slice [1:3] b\u1eb1ng list d\u00e0i h\u01a1n: [1, 88, 99, 111, 4, 5]\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lay-so-luong-phan-tu-trong-List-len\"><\/span>L\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong List: <code>len()<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>H\u00e0m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p <code>len()<\/code> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>\u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed list<\/strong> (l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a list). N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 trong list.<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">my_list = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\r\nlength = len(my_list)\r\nprint(\"\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a list l\u00e0:\", length)\r\n# Output: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a list l\u00e0: 5\r\n\r\nempty_list = []\r\nprint(\"\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i list r\u1ed7ng:\", len(empty_list))\r\n# Output: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i list r\u1ed7ng: 0\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>H\u00e0m <code>len()<\/code> r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a list, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sap-xep-List-sort-sorted\"><\/span>S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp List: <code>sort()<\/code>, <code>sorted()<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Python cung c\u1ea5p hai c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp list<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c <\/strong><code><strong>sort()<\/strong><\/code>: S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a list <strong>ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (in-place)<\/strong>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp list g\u1ed1c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o (tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 <code>None<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u00e0m <\/strong><code><strong>sorted()<\/strong><\/code>: Tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t <strong>list m\u1edbi<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a list g\u1ed1c (ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 iterable n\u00e0o). List g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>reverse=True<\/code>: S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li><code>key=function<\/code>: Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ti\u00eau ch\u00ed s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp chu\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hoa th\u01b0\u1eddng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">numbers = [5, 1, 4, 2, 3]\r\nprint(\"List s\u1ed1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u:\", numbers)\r\n# Output: List s\u1ed1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u: [5, 1, 4, 2, 3]\r\n\r\n# D\u00f9ng sort() \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp list g\u1ed1c t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n\r\nnumbers.sort()\r\nprint(\"Sau khi sort():\", numbers)\r\n# Output: Sau khi sort(): [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\r\n\r\n# D\u00f9ng sort() \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n\r\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\r\nprint(\"Sau khi sort(reverse=True):\", numbers)\r\n# Output: Sau khi sort(reverse=True): [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\r\n\r\n\r\nwords = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\r\nprint(\"\\nList ch\u1eef ban \u0111\u1ea7u:\", words)\r\n# Output: List ch\u1eef ban \u0111\u1ea7u: ['Banana', 'apple', 'Cherry']\r\n\r\n# D\u00f9ng sorted() \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o list m\u1edbi s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n (theo m\u00e3 ASCII, ch\u1eef hoa tr\u01b0\u1edbc)\r\nsorted_words_default = sorted(words)\r\nprint(\"Sorted m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh:\", sorted_words_default)\r\n# Output: Sorted m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh: ['Banana', 'Cherry', 'apple']\r\nprint(\"List g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i:\", words)\r\n# Output: List g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i: ['Banana', 'apple', 'Cherry']\r\n\r\n# D\u00f9ng sorted() s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hoa th\u01b0\u1eddng\r\nsorted_words_case_insensitive = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\r\nprint(\"Sorted kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hoa th\u01b0\u1eddng:\", sorted_words_case_insensitive)\r\n# Output: Sorted kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hoa th\u01b0\u1eddng: ['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa <code>sort()<\/code> v\u00e0 <code>sorted()<\/code> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i list g\u1ed1c hay kh\u00f4ng. <code>sorted()<\/code> th\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng <code>sort()<\/code> ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean list, trong khi <code>sorted()<\/code> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi iterable.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khi-nao-ban-nen-su-dung-List-trong-Python\"><\/span>Khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng List trong Python?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>V\u1eady, <strong>list trong python d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec<\/strong> v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t? D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 list t\u1ecf ra c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 h\u1eefu \u00edch:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Khi c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thao t\u00e1c, chu\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n), list l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00ec n\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ch\u00e8n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Khi t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean:<\/strong> Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t mutable, list r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dataset-la-gi\/\">t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9ng &#8211; th\u00eam, x\u00f3a, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m, gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng, danh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n b\u00e8).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Khi c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ecdi l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, list cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 <code>set<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u00e0m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a n\u0103ng:<\/strong> List c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Khi c\u1ea7n duy\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1:<\/strong> List d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy\u1ec7t qua b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p <code>for<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>while<\/code>, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, list l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i to\u00e1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong Python, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So-sanh-nhanh-List-va-Tuple-trong-Python\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh nhanh: List v\u00e0 Tuple trong Python<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc Python th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng list, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 <strong>tuple<\/strong>. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa <strong>list v\u00e0 tuple<\/strong> l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diem-giong-nhau\"><\/span>\u0110i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 (Ordered):<\/strong> C\u1ea3 list v\u00e0 tuple \u0111\u1ec1u duy tr\u00ec th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed. Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean lu\u00f4n \u1edf index 0, th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf index 1, v.v.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cho ph\u00e9p ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p:<\/strong> C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Heterogeneous):<\/strong> C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 slicing:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng index v\u00e0 slicing \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong c\u1ea3 list v\u00e0 tuple.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khac-biet-chinh-Tinh-Mutable-vs-Immutable\"><\/span>Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh: T\u00ednh Mutable vs Immutable<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>List l\u00e0 Mutable (C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i):<\/strong> Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam, x\u00f3a, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong list sau khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tuple l\u00e0 Immutable (B\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn \/ Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t khi tuple \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o, b\u1ea1n <strong>kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3<\/strong> thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi, x\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, hay s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u00e3y xem v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># List (Mutable)\r\nmy_list = [1, 2, 3]\r\nprint(\"List ban \u0111\u1ea7u:\", my_list)\r\nmy_list[0] = 100 # Thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean -&gt; OK\r\nprint(\"List sau khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i:\", my_list)\r\nmy_list.append(4) # Th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi -&gt; OK\r\nprint(\"List sau khi th\u00eam:\", my_list)\r\n\r\n# Tuple (Immutable)\r\nmy_tuple = (1, 2, 3)\r\nprint(\"\\nTuple ban \u0111\u1ea7u:\", my_tuple)\r\n# C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean -&gt; S\u1ebd g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i TypeError!\r\n# my_tuple[0] = 100 # D\u00f2ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i: TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment\r\n\r\n# C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi -&gt; S\u1ebd g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i AttributeError!\r\n# my_tuple.append(4) # D\u00f2ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i: AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng Tuple?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>Khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 (x, y), th\u00f4ng tin RGB m\u00e0u).<\/li>\n<li>Tuple th\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh h\u01a1n list m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat trong vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp do t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<li>Tuple c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m key trong dictionary (v\u00ec ch\u00fang immutable), c\u00f2n list th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng List?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i dung.<\/li>\n<li>Khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u00eam, x\u00f3a, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong-hop-vi-du-thuc-te-ve-List-trong-Python\"><\/span>T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 List trong Python<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 list l\u00e0 xem qua c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch list c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (To-Do List)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o list c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c r\u1ed7ng\r\ntodo_list = []\r\nprint(\"Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ban \u0111\u1ea7u:\", todo_list)\r\n\r\n# Th\u00eam c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi\r\ntodo_list.append(\"\u0110i ch\u1ee3\")\r\ntodo_list.append(\"H\u1ecdc Python\")\r\ntodo_list.append(\"T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c\")\r\nprint(\"Sau khi th\u00eam c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c:\", todo_list)\r\n\r\n# \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \"H\u1ecdc Python\" \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: x\u00f3a kh\u1ecfi list)\r\nif \"H\u1ecdc Python\" in todo_list: # Ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng\r\n    todo_list.remove(\"H\u1ecdc Python\")\r\n    print(\"\u0110\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh 'H\u1ecdc Python'.\")\r\nelse:\r\n    print(\"'H\u1ecdc Python' kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong danh s\u00e1ch.\")\r\n\r\nprint(\"Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt:\", todo_list)\r\n\r\n# Th\u00eam c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u danh s\u00e1ch\r\ntodo_list.insert(0, \"Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi email quan tr\u1ecdng\")\r\nprint(\"Sau khi th\u00eam vi\u1ec7c \u01b0u ti\u00ean:\", todo_list)\r\n\r\n# In ra s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i\r\nprint(\"S\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i:\", len(todo_list))\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2: T\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># List ch\u1ee9a \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\r\ndiem_thi = [8.5, 7.0, 9.0, 6.5, 10.0]\r\nprint(\"\u0110i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c m\u00f4n:\", diem_thi)\r\n\r\n# T\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec3m\r\ntong_diem = sum(diem_thi) # H\u00e0m sum() t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed s\u1ed1 trong list\r\nprint(\"T\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec3m:\", tong_diem)\r\n\r\n# T\u00ednh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\r\nso_mon_hoc = len(diem_thi)\r\nprint(\"S\u1ed1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc:\", so_mon_hoc)\r\n\r\n# T\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m trung b\u00ecnh\r\nif so_mon_hoc &gt; 0:\r\n    diem_trung_binh = tong_diem \/ so_mon_hoc\r\n    print(f\"\u0110i\u1ec3m trung b\u00ecnh: {diem_trung_binh:.2f}\") # L\u00e0m tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn 2 ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n\r\nelse:\r\n    print(\"Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh.\")\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u00eam, x\u00f3a, ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a list \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau-hoi-thuong-gap-ve-List-trong-Python-FAQ\"><\/span>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 List trong Python (FAQ)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 list, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p cho v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"List-co-giong-Mang-Array-trong-cac-ngon-ngu-khac-khong\"><\/span>List c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng M\u1ea3ng (Array) trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 C, C++, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-java\/\">Java<\/a>, <strong>m\u1ea3ng (array)<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. List trong Python linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u: n\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9ng (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau (heterogeneous).<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, d\u00f9 list th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ea3ng, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Python c\u0169ng c\u00f3 module <code>array<\/code> cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n (ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1), nh\u01b0ng list l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111a n\u0103ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Python th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm &#8220;m\u1ea3ng trong python&#8221; khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 &#8220;list&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam-sao-de-kiem-tra-mot-gia-tri-co-ton-tai-trong-List-khong\"><\/span>L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong List kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong list kh\u00f4ng<\/strong> l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n t\u1eed <code>in<\/code>. To\u00e1n t\u1eed n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 <code>True<\/code> n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong list v\u00e0 <code>False<\/code> n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">my_pets = [\"dog\", \"cat\", \"hamster\"]\r\n\r\n# Ki\u1ec3m tra \"cat\" c\u00f3 trong list kh\u00f4ng\r\nif \"cat\" in my_pets:\r\n    print(\"Yes, 'cat' is in the list.\")\r\nelse:\r\n    print(\"No, 'cat' is not in the list.\")\r\n# Output: Yes, 'cat' is in the list.\r\n\r\n# Ki\u1ec3m tra \"fish\" c\u00f3 trong list kh\u00f4ng\r\nif \"fish\" not in my_pets: # To\u00e1n t\u1eed not in ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\r\n    print(\"Yes, 'fish' is not in the list.\")\r\nelse:\r\n    print(\"No, 'fish' is in the list.\")\r\n# Output: Yes, 'fish' is not in the list.\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>To\u00e1n t\u1eed <code>in<\/code> gi\u00fap vi\u1ebft code ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co-the-co-List-long-ben-trong-List-khac-khong\"><\/span>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 List l\u1ed3ng b\u00ean trong List kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, list c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t list ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c list kh\u00e1c b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>list l\u1ed3ng nhau (nested list)<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hai chi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 ma tr\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># Ma tr\u1eadn 2x3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng list l\u1ed3ng nhau\r\nmatrix = [\r\n    [1, 2, 3],\r\n    [4, 5, 6]\r\n]\r\nprint(matrix)\r\n# Output: [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]\r\n\r\n# Truy c\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u1edf h\u00e0ng 1, c\u1ed9t 2 (index 0, index 1)\r\nelement = matrix[0][1]\r\nprint(\"Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1ea1i matrix[0][1]:\", element)\r\n# Output: Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1ea1i matrix[0][1]: 2\r\n\r\n# Truy c\u1eadp h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 hai (index 1)\r\nsecond_row = matrix[1]\r\nprint(\"H\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 hai:\", second_row)\r\n# Output: H\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 hai: [4, 5, 6]\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>List l\u1ed3ng nhau m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"List-comprehension-la-gi\"><\/span>List comprehension l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>List comprehension<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong Python \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o list m\u1edbi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t iterable hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p <code>for<\/code> k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi <code>append()<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o list, gi\u00fap code ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n (sau khi \u0111\u00e3 quen).<\/p>\n<p>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: <code>new_list = [expression for item in iterable if condition]<\/code><\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u1ea1o list ch\u1ee9a b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 4.<\/p>\n<p>Python<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\"># C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p for th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\r\nsquares_loop = []\r\nfor x in range(5):\r\n    squares_loop.append(x * x)\r\nprint(\"D\u00f9ng v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p:\", squares_loop)\r\n# Output: D\u00f9ng v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]\r\n\r\n# C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng list comprehension\r\nsquares_comp = [x * x for x in range(5)]\r\nprint(\"D\u00f9ng list comprehension:\", squares_comp)\r\n# Output: D\u00f9ng list comprehension: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>List comprehension l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi list.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket-luan-Tom-tat-ve-List-trong-Python\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: T\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 List trong Python<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 <strong>list trong Python l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>. List l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 trong Python.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh: list c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (mutable), cho ph\u00e9p tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o, truy c\u1eadp, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi list nh\u01b0 th\u00eam, x\u00f3a, s\u1eeda, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Python. \u0110\u1eebng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quen nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color: #e6f2ff; border-radius: 10px; padding: 20px; margin: 20px 0; border: 1px solid #b3d9ff;\">\n<p><strong>C\u00d3 TH\u1ec2 B\u1ea0N QUAN T\u00c2M<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 list v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, tri\u1ec3n khai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Python \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-hosting\/\">d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Hosting gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng uy t\u00edn<\/a> t\u1ea1i InterData v\u1edbi dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n th\u00eam t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-vps\/\">d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 VPS gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb uy t\u00edn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/a> tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Python ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/cloud-server\/\">d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Cloud Server ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cao<\/a> l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cao c\u1ea5p. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd AMD EPYC\u2122 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 3, \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng SSD NVMe U.2 c\u00f9ng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/bang-thong-la-gi\/\">b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/a> cao v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, gi\u00fap \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi Python th\u00ec s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 List. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thao t\u00e1c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong Python.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":27290,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[140],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lap-trinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27289"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27289\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27295,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27289\/revisions\/27295"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27290"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}