{"id":27199,"date":"2025-04-22T17:04:18","date_gmt":"2025-04-22T10:04:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=27199"},"modified":"2025-04-22T17:05:16","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T10:05:16","slug":"sgd-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"SGD l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Stochastic Gradient Descent trong ML"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/#SGD-la-gi\" >SGD l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/#Cach-thuc-hoat-dong-cua-SGD\" >C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a SGD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/#Nhung-loi-ich-va-thach-thuc-cua-thuat-toan-SGD\" >Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SGD<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/#Loi-ich-cua-SGD-la-gi\" >L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a SGD l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/#Thach-thuc-cua-SGD-la-gi\" >Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a SGD l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/#Cac-bien-the-cua-Stochastic-Gradient-Descent\" >C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Stochastic Gradient Descent<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/#Mini-batch-Stochastic-Gradient-Descent-Mini-batch-SGD\" >Mini-batch Stochastic Gradient Descent (Mini-batch SGD)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/#Momentum-Stochastic-Gradient-Descent\" >Momentum Stochastic Gradient Descent<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/#Nesterov-Accelerated-Gradient-NAG\" >Nesterov Accelerated Gradient (NAG)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/#AdaGrad-Adaptive-Gradient-Algorithm\" >AdaGrad (Adaptive Gradient Algorithm)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/#RMSProp-Root-Mean-Square-Propagation\" >RMSProp (Root Mean Square Propagation)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/#Adam-Adaptive-Moment-Estimation\" >Adam (Adaptive Moment Estimation)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/#Su-khac-biet-giua-SGD-va-Batch-Gradient-Descent\" >S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa SGD v\u00e0 Batch Gradient Descent<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/#Ung-dung-cua-SGD-%E2%80%93-Stochastic-Gradient-Descent\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a SGD &#8211; Stochastic Gradient Descent<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Stochastic <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/gradient-descent-la-gi\/\">Gradient Descent<\/a> (SGD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gradient descent truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, SGD gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tham-so-parameter-la-gi\/\">tham s\u1ed1<\/a>, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, InterData s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sgd-la-gi\/\"><strong>SGD l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong><\/a>, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Stochastic Gradient Descent, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ecdc ngay nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SGD-la-gi\"><\/span><strong>SGD l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n<\/strong>. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi gradient descent th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gradient v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_27201\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27201\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Stochastic-Gradient-Descent-SGD-la-gi.png\" alt=\"Stochastic Gradient Descent - SGD l\u00e0 g\u00ec\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27201\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Stochastic-Gradient-Descent-SGD-la-gi.png 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Stochastic-Gradient-Descent-SGD-la-gi-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Stochastic-Gradient-Descent-SGD-la-gi-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Stochastic-Gradient-Descent-SGD-la-gi-750x469.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27201\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stochastic Gradient Descent &#8211; SGD l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, SGD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. SGD gi\u00fap t\u00ecm ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach-thuc-hoat-dong-cua-SGD\"><\/span><strong>C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a SGD<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Stochastic Gradient Descent ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch <strong>c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh theo t\u1eebng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vong-lap-la-gi\/\">v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/a><\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u h\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp tham s\u1ed1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gradient c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tham s\u1ed1 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi gradient.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau ch\u00ed d\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung-loi-ich-va-thach-thuc-cua-thuat-toan-SGD\"><\/span><strong>Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SGD <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Loi-ich-cua-SGD-la-gi\"><\/span><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a SGD l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y, mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn SGD tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a SGD l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gradient v\u1edbi c\u00e1c mini-batch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, SGD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/data-preprocessing-la-gi\/\">x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a> theo t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf, gi\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap SGD m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/big-data-la-gi\/\">big data<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhanh h\u01a1n<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>SGD c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi batch gradient descent, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhanh h\u01a1n. T\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a SGD gi\u00fap qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong \u00edt v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_27202\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27202\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Loi-ich-noi-bat-cua-thuat-toan-SGD-.png\" alt=\"L\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SGD \" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27202\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Loi-ich-noi-bat-cua-thuat-toan-SGD-.png 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Loi-ich-noi-bat-cua-thuat-toan-SGD--300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Loi-ich-noi-bat-cua-thuat-toan-SGD--768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Loi-ich-noi-bat-cua-thuat-toan-SGD--750x469.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27202\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SGD<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><strong>Tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ef1c ti\u1ec3u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>T\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SGD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap <strong>thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c ti\u1ec3u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9<\/strong>. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu mini-batch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, SGD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng gian t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t \u1edf c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>So v\u1edbi batch gradient descent, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gradient tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p mini-batch c\u1ee7a SGD gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. SGD c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gradient t\u00ednh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>SGD <strong>cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/hyperparameter-tuning-la-gi\/\">si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1<\/a><\/strong>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/learning-rate-la-gi\/\">t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc<\/a> v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc mini-batch. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a SGD gi\u00fap n\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng t\u0129nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i song song h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p mini-batch c\u1ee7a SGD r\u1ea5t <strong>th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c song song h\u00f3a<\/strong>, v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c mini-batch kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng song song h\u00f3a n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c GPU.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a SGD kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ed3i quy tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/logistic-regression-la-gi\/\">h\u1ed3i quy logistic<\/a>, m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a SGD l\u00e0 g\u00ec s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thach-thuc-cua-SGD-la-gi\"><\/span><strong>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a <\/strong><strong>SGD l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, tuy nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a SGD trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Gradient nhi\u1ec5u<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>T\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a SGD g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec5u trong vi\u1ec7c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh gradient, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 trung b\u00ecnh gradient ho\u1eb7c momentum c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gradient nhi\u1ec5u. Trung b\u00ecnh gradient bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch l\u0169y gradient qua nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong khi momentum th\u00eam m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>SGD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng quanh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc th\u00edch \u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc theo th\u1eddi gian, cho ph\u00e9p SGD \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1 khi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_27203\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27203\" style=\"width: 858px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thach-thuc-cua-thuat-toan-SGD.png\" alt=\"Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SGD\" width=\"858\" height=\"458\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27203\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thach-thuc-cua-thuat-toan-SGD.png 858w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thach-thuc-cua-thuat-toan-SGD-300x160.png 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thach-thuc-cua-thuat-toan-SGD-768x410.png 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thach-thuc-cua-thuat-toan-SGD-750x400.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 858px) 100vw, 858px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27203\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SGD<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong SGD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, trong khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m \u1ea5m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m \u1ea5m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng overfitting (qu\u00e1 kh\u1edbp)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>SGD d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb overfitting, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec5u trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt regularization nh\u01b0 L1 ho\u1eb7c L2 regularization, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dropout-la-gi\/\">dropout<\/a> ho\u1eb7c d\u1eebng s\u1edbm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i overfitting. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p regularization ph\u1ea1t c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam nhi\u1ec5u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc mini-batch v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 regularization, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u01b0\u1edbi (grid search), t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (random search) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a Bayes c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1, gi\u00fap t\u00ecm c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi SGD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/framework-la-gi\/\">framework<\/a> t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt song song, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 GPU ho\u1eb7c TPU c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh khai th\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Stochastic Gradient Descent trong vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 gradient nhi\u1ec5u, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 overfitting, SGD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u(Stochastic Gradient Descent )\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wNB0_8Uteo4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-bien-the-cua-Stochastic-Gradient-Descent\"><\/span><strong>C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Stochastic Gradient Descent<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f9 SGD truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n<p>Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, m\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 Stochastic Gradient Descent l\u00e0 g\u00ec l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mini-batch-Stochastic-Gradient-Descent-Mini-batch-SGD\"><\/span><strong>Mini-batch Stochastic Gradient Descent (Mini-batch SGD)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Mini-batch SGD t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a SGD v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a batch gradient descent b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gradient s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp con ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (mini-batch) c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>Mini-batch SGD <strong>mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhanh h\u01a1n<\/strong> so v\u1edbi SGD thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p SGD v\u00e0 batch gradient descent. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c song song h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Momentum-Stochastic-Gradient-Descent\"><\/span><strong>Momentum Stochastic Gradient Descent<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Momentum SGD c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n SGD truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c c\u00e1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt trong h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a gradient b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m dao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u00fap SGD v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gradient nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 <strong>c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5<\/strong> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a trong c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 d\u00e0i trong kh\u00f4ng gian t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nesterov-Accelerated-Gradient-NAG\"><\/span><strong>Nesterov Accelerated Gradient (NAG)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nesterov Accelerated Gradient, hay Nesterov Momentum, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh Momentum SGD b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gradient \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 do \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n<p>NAG c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 do \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e2y ra, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AdaGrad-Adaptive-Gradient-Algorithm\"><\/span><strong>AdaGrad (Adaptive Gradient Algorithm)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>AdaGrad \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc cho m\u1ed7i tham s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gradient l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>AdaGrad x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0a th\u1edbt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 gradient thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"RMSProp-Root-Mean-Square-Propagation\"><\/span><strong>RMSProp (Root Mean Square Propagation)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>RMSProp gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n trong AdaGrad b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t trung b\u00ecnh suy gi\u1ea3m theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 m\u0169 c\u1ee7a gradient b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u0103n b\u1eadc hai c\u1ee7a gradient g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>RMSProp <strong>gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh<\/strong> trong AdaGrad, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u v\u1edbi gradient kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0a th\u1edbt.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Adam-Adaptive-Moment-Estimation\"><\/span><strong>Adam (Adaptive Moment Estimation)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Adam k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Momentum SGD v\u00e0 RMSProp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung b\u00ecnh suy gi\u1ea3m theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 m\u0169 c\u1ee7a gradient qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc cho m\u1ed7i tham s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p>Adam cung c\u1ea5p <strong>s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1<\/strong> v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gradient nhi\u1ec5u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron nh\u1edd v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SGD gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su-khac-biet-giua-SGD-va-Batch-Gradient-Descent\"><\/span><strong>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa SGD v\u00e0 Batch Gradient Descent<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Batch Gradient Descent (BGD) v\u00e0 Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) l\u00e0 hai bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n gradient descent \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qua c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u h\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gradient v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n gradient<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BGD<\/strong>: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n gradient c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n trong b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SGD<\/strong>: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n gradient c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t mini-batch nh\u1ecf).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BGD<\/strong>: C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gradient trung b\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SGD<\/strong>: C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gradient t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n (ho\u1eb7c mini-batch).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>H\u00e0nh vi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BGD<\/strong>: Th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n l\u1ed3i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi SGD.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SGD<\/strong>: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n do t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh gradient. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c ti\u1ec3u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BGD<\/strong>: C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SGD<\/strong>: Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u01a1n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n (ho\u1eb7c mini-batch) trong m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Nhi\u1ec5u trong \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh gradient<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BGD<\/strong>: Gradient t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u00edt b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SGD<\/strong>: Gradient t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n (ho\u1eb7c mini-batch) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap SGD tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c ti\u1ec3u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>BGD v\u00e0 SGD kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gradient, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tham s\u1ed1, h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u trong \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh gradient. BGD ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u1edbi h\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t l\u1ed3i, trong khi SGD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed3i, mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung-dung-cua-SGD-%E2%80%93-Stochastic-Gradient-Descent\"><\/span><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a SGD &#8211; Stochastic Gradient Descent<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Stochastic Gradient Descent v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron s\u00e2u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a SGD khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng N\u01a1-ron S\u00e2u:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>SGD v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Adam v\u00e0 RMSProp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron s\u00e2u (DNNs). C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c DNNs v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u tham s\u1ed1, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1ed3i quy tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i quy Logistic:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>SGD l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i quy tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i quy logistic. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhanh gi\u00fap SGD ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u1ed3i quy trong t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 marketing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u00e1y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Vect\u01a1 (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/support-vector-machine-la-gi\/\">SVM<\/a>):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean SGD th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00e1y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vect\u01a1 (SVM) cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. SVM v\u1edbi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a SGD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/image-classification-la-gi\/\">ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/a> v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SGD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SGD \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc s\u1edf th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_27204\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27204\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Ung-dung-cua-SGD-Stochastic-Gradient-Descent.jpg\" alt=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a SGD - Stochastic Gradient Descent\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27204\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Ung-dung-cua-SGD-Stochastic-Gradient-Descent.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Ung-dung-cua-SGD-Stochastic-Gradient-Descent-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Ung-dung-cua-SGD-Stochastic-Gradient-Descent-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Ung-dung-cua-SGD-Stochastic-Gradient-Descent-750x469.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27204\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a SGD &#8211; Stochastic Gradient Descent<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (NLP):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>SGD v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 NLP, bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch m\u00e1y. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron h\u1ed3i quy (RNNs) v\u00e0 transformers s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean SGD \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 b\u1eadt th\u1ec3:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a SGD r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron t\u00edch ch\u1eadp (CNNs) cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c CNNs \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng SGD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh y t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 (RL), SGD v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u00e0m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean SGD cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn trong robot, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a SGD v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u streaming v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u0129nh khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o sinh (GANs):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a SGD hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng sinh t\u1ea1o (GANs) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, video v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. GANs \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng SGD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/data-augmentation-la-gi\/\">t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, SGD v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tri-tue-nhan-tao-ai\/\">tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/a>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Khi tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y nh\u01b0 Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u1ea1i InterData, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-vps\/\">thu\u00ea VPS ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng uy t\u00edn<\/a> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u1edbi CPU AMD EPYC\/Intel Xeon Platinum v\u00e0 SSD NVMe U.2, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/cloud-server\/\">thu\u00ea Cloud Server gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb<\/a> t\u1ea1i InterData l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u1edbi dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao, c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cloud-server-may-chu-dam-may\/\">m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/a> n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 InterData ngay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi ti\u1ebft!<\/p>\n<p><strong>INTERDATA<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Website:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Interdata.vn<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hotline:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>1900-636822<\/li>\n<li><strong>Email:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Info@interdata.vn<\/li>\n<li><strong>VP\u0110D:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>240 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Ch\u00ednh, P.11. Q. Ph\u00fa Nhu\u1eadn, TP. Ho\u0302\u0300 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/li>\n<li><strong>VPGD:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>S\u1ed1 211 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 5, K\u0110T Lakeview City, P. An Ph\u00fa, TP. Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c, TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gradient descent truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, SGD gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":27205,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27199","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27199"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27199\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27397,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27199\/revisions\/27397"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}