{"id":27155,"date":"2025-04-21T11:35:53","date_gmt":"2025-04-21T04:35:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=27155"},"modified":"2025-04-21T11:35:53","modified_gmt":"2025-04-21T04:35:53","slug":"dropout-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dropout-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Dropout l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Dropout trong Deep Learning"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dropout-la-gi\/#Dropout-la-gi\" >Dropout l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dropout-la-gi\/#Dropout-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\" >Dropout ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dropout-la-gi\/#Loi-ich-cua-Dropout-trong-Deep-Learning\" >L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Dropout trong Deep Learning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dropout-la-gi\/#Thach-thuc-cua-Dropout-trong-Deep-Learning\" >Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Dropout trong Deep Learning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dropout-la-gi\/#Cac-ky-thuat-chinh-quy-hoa-pho-bien-trong-in-Deep-Learning\" >C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh quy h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong in Deep Learning<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Trong h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u (deep learning), k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n Dropout \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1edbp (overfitting) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dropout-la-gi\/\"><strong>Dropout l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/a> C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Dropout trong h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ecdc ngay nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dropout-la-gi\"><\/span><strong>Dropout l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Dropout<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n (regularization) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u, gi\u00fap ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean &#8220;b\u1ecf qua&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf&#8221; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1edbp (overfitting) trong m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<p>Dropout \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai theo t\u1eebng l\u1edbp trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (dense), l\u1edbp t\u00edch ch\u1eadp (convolutional) v\u00e0 l\u1edbp h\u1ed3i quy (recurrent), ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_27157\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27157\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Dropout-la-gi.jpg\" alt=\"Dropout l\u00e0 g\u00ec\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27157\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Dropout-la-gi.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Dropout-la-gi-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Dropout-la-gi-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Dropout-la-gi-750x469.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27157\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dropout l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t dropout ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7u ra, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau cho l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u1ea9n, gi\u00fap ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho m\u1ed9t n\u01a1-ron n\u00e0o tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Dropout t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m dropout trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Deep Learning \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t <strong>gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1edbp<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, dropout s\u1ebd ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u01a1-ron (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang) trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron n\u00e0y kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba qu\u00e1 kh\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t gi\u1eef n\u01a1-ron \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu 50% b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dropout-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\"><\/span><strong>Dropout ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Dropout ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng, gi\u00fap ng\u0103n m\u1ea1ng &#8220;h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng&#8221; d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc nh\u00f3m (ensemble learning), trong \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <strong>k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n<\/strong>. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng con chia s\u1ebb tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Dropout r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 tri\u1ec3n khai trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c framework h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u, nh\u01b0 TensorFlow, PyTorch, ho\u1eb7c Keras. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp dropout gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 dropout, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong Keras, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 sau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 dropout 20% sau m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp dense:<\/p>\n<pre>from keras.layers import Dense, Dropout\r\n# ...\r\nx = Dense(256, activation='relu')(x)\r\nx = Dropout(0.2)(x)\r\n# ...<\/pre>\n<p>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 dropout l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tinh ch\u1ec9nh cho b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 dropout th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0 0.1 ho\u1eb7c 0.2, v\u00e0 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y <strong>hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u0103ng l\u00ean<\/strong>. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 dropout t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Loi-ich-cua-Dropout-trong-Deep-Learning\"><\/span><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Dropout trong Deep Learning<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Dropout l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 xem Dropout mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00ec ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba qu\u00e1 kh\u1edbp (Overfitting):<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron, m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u1ecdc nh\u00f3m (Ensemble Effect):<\/strong> Dropout ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u1ecdc nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p dropout gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_27158\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27158\" style=\"width: 825px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Loi-ich-va-thach-thuc-cua-Dropout-trong-Deep-Learning.webp\" alt=\"L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Dropout trong Deep Learning\" width=\"825\" height=\"462\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27158\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Loi-ich-va-thach-thuc-cua-Dropout-trong-Deep-Learning.webp 825w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Loi-ich-va-thach-thuc-cua-Dropout-trong-Deep-Learning-300x168.webp 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Loi-ich-va-thach-thuc-cua-Dropout-trong-Deep-Learning-768x430.webp 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Loi-ich-va-thach-thuc-cua-Dropout-trong-Deep-Learning-750x420.webp 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 825px) 100vw, 825px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27158\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Dropout trong Deep Learning<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thach-thuc-cua-Dropout-trong-Deep-Learning\"><\/span><strong>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Dropout trong Deep Learning<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch, \u0111i\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n dropout trong h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn dropout v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u1eddi gian hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n:<\/strong> Dropout l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n do vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u1ea9n. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao dropout l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, khi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. H\u00e3y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 dropout \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tinh ch\u1ec9nh si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1:<\/strong> Dropout th\u00eam c\u00e1c si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t dropout v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u01b0\u1edbi (grid search) ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (random search) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a theo l\u00f4 (Batch Normalization):<\/strong> \u0110\u00f4i khi, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a theo l\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a dropout. H\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 dropout khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a theo l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a dropout.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh:<\/strong> C\u00e1c l\u1edbp dropout l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp dropout \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Dropout l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong Deep Learning v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, dropout c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dropout Regularization | Deep Learning Tutorial 20 (Tensorflow2.0, Keras &amp; Python)\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lcI8ukTUEbo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-ky-thuat-chinh-quy-hoa-pho-bien-trong-in-Deep-Learning\"><\/span><strong>C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh quy h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong in Deep Learning<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Khi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1edbp, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dropout kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn duy nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u1eebng s\u1edbm (Early stopping):<\/strong> T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eebng hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n khi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u1eefa.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 (Weight decay):<\/strong> Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0o h\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n (Noise):<\/strong> Cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (augmentation) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, gi\u00fap m\u1ea1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (Model Combination):<\/strong> K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dropout l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba qu\u00e1 kh\u1edbp. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Dropout c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 Dropout l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, Dropout c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y, vi\u1ec7c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-vps\/\">thu\u00ea VPS gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb<\/a> l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 CPU AMD EPYC v\u00e0 Intel Xeon Platinum, SSD NVMe U.2, v\u00e0 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thu\u00ea VPS c\u1ee7a InterData mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho b\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ngay \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/cloud-server\/\">thu\u00ea Cloud Server t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb<\/a> c\u1ee7a InterData \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1edbn. V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. H\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>INTERDATA<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Website:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Interdata.vn<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hotline:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>1900-636822<\/li>\n<li><strong>Email:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Info@interdata.vn<\/li>\n<li><strong>VP\u0110D:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>240 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Ch\u00ednh, P.11. Q. Ph\u00fa Nhu\u1eadn, TP. Ho\u0302\u0300 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/li>\n<li><strong>VPGD:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>S\u1ed1 211 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 5, K\u0110T Lakeview City, P. An Ph\u00fa, TP. Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c, TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u (deep learning), k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n Dropout \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1edbp (overfitting) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft Dropout l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Dropout<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":27161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27155","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27155"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27155\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27162,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27155\/revisions\/27162"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}