{"id":26734,"date":"2025-04-08T10:06:43","date_gmt":"2025-04-08T03:06:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=26734"},"modified":"2026-04-29T15:42:48","modified_gmt":"2026-04-29T08:42:48","slug":"fine-tuning-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/fine-tuning-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Fine-tuning l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u01afu &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m &#038; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng tinh ch\u1ec9nh AI"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/fine-tuning-la-gi\/#Fine-tuning-la-gi\" >Fine-tuning l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/fine-tuning-la-gi\/#Loi-ich-va-han-che-cua-viec-fine-tuning-la-gi\" >L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c fine-tuning l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/fine-tuning-la-gi\/#Loi-ich-chinh-cua-fine-tuning\" >L\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a fine-tuning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/fine-tuning-la-gi\/#Han-che-cua-Fine-tuning\" >H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Fine-tuning<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/fine-tuning-la-gi\/#Cac-truong-hop-su-dung-fine-tuning-pho-bien\" >C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng fine-tuning ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/fine-tuning-la-gi\/#So-sanh-Fine-tuning-vs-training\" >So s\u00e1nh Fine-tuning vs. training<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/fine-tuning-la-gi\/#Pre-Training\" >(Pre-)Training<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/fine-tuning-la-gi\/#Fine-tuning\" >Fine-tuning<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/fine-tuning-la-gi\/#Ung-dung-thuc-te-cua-Fine-tuning\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Fine-tuning<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Fine-tuning trong h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/fine-tuning-la-gi\/\"><strong>fine-tuning l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong><\/a>, nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110\u1ecdc ngay!<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fine-tuning-la-gi\"><\/span>Fine-tuning l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Fine-tuning trong h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng d\u00f9ng cho <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tri-tue-nhan-tao-ai\/\">tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/a> (AI) sinh t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>Fine-tuning c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh con c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc chuy\u1ec3n giao (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transfer-learning-la-gi\/\">transfer learning<\/a>): vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26752\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26752\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26752\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Fine-tuning-la-gi.png\" alt=\"Fine-tuning l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Fine-tuning-la-gi.png 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Fine-tuning-la-gi-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Fine-tuning-la-gi-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Fine-tuning-la-gi-750x469.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26752\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fine-tuning l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a fine-tuning l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 tham s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn (LLMs) trong x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (NLP), ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron t\u00edch ch\u1eadp (CNNs) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transformer-la-gi\/\">transformer<\/a> trong th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/image-classification-la-gi\/\">ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/a>, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/image-segmentation-la-gi\/\">ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch <strong>t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ecdc chuy\u1ec3n giao, fine-tuning c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, fine-tuning c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u00f4ng gi\u1ecdng tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh LLM \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1eb7c phong c\u00e1ch minh h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh sinh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n; n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, fine-tuning \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c <strong>\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong>, gi\u00fap l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Loi-ich-va-han-che-cua-viec-fine-tuning-la-gi\"><\/span>L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c fine-tuning l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y n\u00e0o, vi\u1ec7c fine-tuning m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1eady nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a fine-tuning l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Loi-ich-chinh-cua-fine-tuning\"><\/span>L\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a fine-tuning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: Fine-tuning m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n th\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh h\u01a1n, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1eb9p<\/strong>: C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c fine-tuned, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y<\/strong>: Fine-tuning gi\u00fap l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26755\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26755\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26755\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Loi-ich-va-han-che-cua-viec-fine-tuning-la-gi.jpg\" alt=\"L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c fine-tuning l\u00e0 g\u00ec\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Loi-ich-va-han-che-cua-viec-fine-tuning-la-gi.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Loi-ich-va-han-che-cua-viec-fine-tuning-la-gi-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Loi-ich-va-han-che-cua-viec-fine-tuning-la-gi-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Loi-ich-va-han-che-cua-viec-fine-tuning-la-gi-750x394.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26755\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c fine-tuning l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Han-che-cua-Fine-tuning\"><\/span>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Fine-tuning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Fine-tuning c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Overfitting (qu\u00e1 kh\u1edbp)<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf, overfitting x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y qu\u00e1 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan, ho\u1eb7c &#8220;nhi\u1ec5u&#8221;, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t k\u00e9m tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/data-augmentation-la-gi\/\">t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a>, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dropout-la-gi\/\">dropout<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc<\/strong>: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c fine-tuned c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c. Vi\u1ec7c &#8220;\u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng&#8221; qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00edch \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi, trong khi &#8220;\u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng&#8221; qu\u00e1 \u00edt l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n<\/strong>: V\u00ec fine-tuning ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh g\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 fine-tuned. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/lo-hong-bao-mat-la-gi\/\">l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/a>, nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 fine-tuned n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh fine-tuning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-truong-hop-su-dung-fine-tuning-pho-bien\"><\/span>C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng fine-tuning ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Fine-tuning c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed5 sung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ra c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh phong c\u00e1ch<\/strong>: C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c fine-tuned \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh phong c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u mong mu\u1ed1n, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch minh h\u1ecda \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a<\/strong>: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh LLM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Llama 2 c\u1ee7a Meta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh chatbot (Llama-2-chat) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n (Code Llama).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh<\/strong>: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh LLM \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c y t\u1ebf, n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ecdc v\u1edbi \u00edt v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c fine-tuned cho c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/strong>: B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Fine-tuning m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty<\/strong>: C\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Fine-tuning cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So-sanh-Fine-tuning-vs-training\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh Fine-tuning vs. training<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tinh ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.&#8221; \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sau l\u00e0 &#8220;\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ban \u0111\u1ea7u&#8221; trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pre-Training\"><\/span>(Pre-)Training<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh (Pre-)Training, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec. (Pre-)Training b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh &#8211; c\u00e1c tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ec7ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i n\u00fat trong m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh.<\/p>\n<p>(Pre-)Training di\u1ec5n ra theo c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: trong l\u1ea7n \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u1eabu t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t (hay m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t) gi\u1eefa d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u201c\u0111\u00fang\u201d (hay s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf); trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mang-lan\/\">lan<\/a> truy\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (backpropagation), m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a &#8211; th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n gradient (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/gradient-descent-la-gi\/\">gradient descent<\/a>) &#8211; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u201ch\u1ecdc.\u201d Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i qua nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/strong> nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 hay ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n: nh\u00e3n (ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fa th\u00edch) cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang cho m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn (LLMs) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ban \u0111\u1ea7u qua h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/chung-chi-ssl\/\">SSL<\/a>), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1eeb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u1ef1 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n<\/strong>: che gi\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n<\/strong>: \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi \u00edt v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 (few-shot ho\u1eb7c zero-shot), nh\u01b0 trong hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef-\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu (Contrasting Language-Image Pretraining &#8211; CLIP).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa th\u00edch h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26753\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26753\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26753\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/So-sanh-Fine-tuning-vs.-training.png\" alt=\"So s\u00e1nh Fine-tuning vs. training\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/So-sanh-Fine-tuning-vs.-training.png 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/So-sanh-Fine-tuning-vs.-training-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/So-sanh-Fine-tuning-vs.-training-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/So-sanh-Fine-tuning-vs.-training-750x469.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26753\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">So s\u00e1nh Fine-tuning vs. training<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fine-tuning\"><\/span>Fine-tuning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Fine-tuning l\u00e0 <strong>k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam cho m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/strong> m\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf, chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ban \u0111\u1ea7u, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8220;qu\u00e1 kh\u1edbp&#8221; (overfitting): m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Fine-tuning do \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: <strong>t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong> tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u00e0i gi\u0169a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chi ti\u1ebft, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/open-source-la-gi\/\">m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf<\/a>, l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hay h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung-dung-thuc-te-cua-Fine-tuning\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Fine-tuning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Fine-tuning c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh LLM (m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn) t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. Chatbot \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u00e1n l\u1ebb v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ee3i \u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed mua h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc<\/strong>: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y t\u1ebf \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh CT c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng k\u00fd t\u1ef1 quang h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (NLP) tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 trong r\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n n\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m t\u1eeb r\u1eebng, gi\u00fap m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, fine-tuning l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1edbp (overfitting), fine-tuning v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eeb d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 fine-tuning l\u00e0 g\u00ec s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/\"><strong>INTERDATA<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/website-la-gi\/\">Website<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0Interdata.vn<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hotline:<\/strong>\u00a01900-636822<\/li>\n<li><strong>Email:<\/strong>\u00a0Info@interdata.vn<\/li>\n<li><strong>VP\u0110D:<\/strong>\u00a0240 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Ch\u00ednh, P.11. Q. Ph\u00fa Nhu\u1eadn, TP. Ho\u0302\u0300 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/li>\n<li><strong>VPGD:<\/strong>\u00a0S\u1ed1 211 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 5, K\u0110T Lakeview City, P. An Ph\u00fa, TP. Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c, TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fine-tuning trong h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m fine-tuning l\u00e0 g\u00ec, nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u0169ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":26756,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26734"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26734\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41122,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26734\/revisions\/41122"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}