{"id":25942,"date":"2025-03-25T13:57:34","date_gmt":"2025-03-25T06:57:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=25942"},"modified":"2025-03-25T13:57:34","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T06:57:34","slug":"classification-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Classification l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 6 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#Classification-Phan-Loai-la-gi\" >Classification (Ph\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#Cac-loai-Classification\" >C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Classification<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#Binary-Classification-Phan-loai-nhi-phan\" >Binary Classification (Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#Multiclass-Classification-Phan-loai-da-lop\" >Multiclass Classification (Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111a l\u1edbp)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#Multi-label-Classification-Phan-loai-da-nhan\" >Multi-label Classification (Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111a nh\u00e3n)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#6-thuat-toan-Classification-pho-bien\" >6 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Classification ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#1-Logistic-Regression\" >1. Logistic Regression<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#2-Decision-Tree\" >2. Decision Tree<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#3-Support-Vector-Machine-SVM\" >3. Support Vector Machine (SVM)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#4-Naive-Bayes\" >4. Naive Bayes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#5-k-Nearest-Neighbors-k-NN\" >5. k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#6-Random-Forest\" >6. Random Forest<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#Quy-trinh-thuc-hien-bai-toan-Classification\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0i to\u00e1n Classification<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#1-Thu-thap-du-lieu-Data-Collection\" >1. Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Collection)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#2-Tien-xu-ly-du-lieu-Data-Preprocessing\" >2. Ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Preprocessing)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#3-Trich-chon-dac-trung-Feature-Engineering\" >3. Tr\u00edch ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng (Feature Engineering)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#4-Chon-mo-hinh-Model-Selection\" >4. Ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (Model Selection)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#5-Huan-luyen-mo-hinh-Model-Training\" >5. Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (Model Training)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#6-Danh-gia-mo-hinh-Model-Evaluation\" >6. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (Model Evaluation)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#7-Tinh-chinh-mo-hinh-Model-Tuning\" >7. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (Model Tuning)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#8-Trien-khai-mo-hinh-Model-Deployment\" >8. Tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (Model Deployment)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#Classification-khac-gi-voi-Regression\" >Classification kh\u00e1c g\u00ec v\u1edbi Regression?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#Ung-dung-thuc-te-cua-Classification\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Classification<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#Phan-loai-thu-rac\" >Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0 r\u00e1c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#Chan-doan-benh\" >Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#Phan-loai-hinh-anh\" >Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#Phan-loai-van-ban\" >Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#Nhan-dang-chu-viet-tay\" >Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft tay<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/#Phat-hien-gian-lan\" >Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n gian l\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecdc th\u01b0 r\u00e1c, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh y t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (classification systems) \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u1eady, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/classification-la-gi\/\">Classification l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a>? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Classification.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Classification-Phan-Loai-la-gi\"><\/span>Classification (Ph\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Classification (ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n supervised learning (h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t) trong machine learning, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u00e3n l\u1edbp (class label) r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng (features) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m (l\u1edbp) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i email, ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem m\u1ed9t email l\u00e0 &#8220;spam&#8221; hay &#8220;kh\u00f4ng spam&#8221; (hai l\u1edbp). C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong email, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi, ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 email,&#8230; M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh classification s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n (c\u00e1c email \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n l\u1edbp, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u00e3n cho c\u00e1c email m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25957\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25957\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Classification-la-gi-1.jpg\" alt=\"Classification l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25957\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Classification-la-gi-1.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Classification-la-gi-1-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Classification-la-gi-1-1024x538.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Classification-la-gi-1-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Classification-la-gi-1-750x394.jpg 750w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Classification-la-gi-1-1140x599.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25957\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Classification l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-loai-Classification\"><\/span>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Classification<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Binary-Classification-Phan-loai-nhi-phan\"><\/span>Binary Classification (Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Binary Classification l\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong hai l\u1edbp. Hai l\u1edbp n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;positive&#8221; (l\u1edbp kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh) v\u00e0 &#8220;negative&#8221; (l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh), ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 0 v\u00e0 1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i to\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1ng binary classification. \u0110\u00f4i khi, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n l\u1ea1i mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, gi\u00fap m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai l\u1edbp quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Multiclass-Classification-Phan-loai-da-lop\"><\/span>Multiclass Classification (Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111a l\u1edbp)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Multiclass Classification l\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n hai l\u1edbp. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u1eabn nhau (mutually exclusive), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 <i>m\u1ed9t<\/i> l\u1edbp duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi binary classification ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, multiclass classification m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/thuat-toan-algorithm\/\">thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n<\/a> ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Multi-label-Classification-Phan-loai-da-nhan\"><\/span>Multi-label Classification (Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111a nh\u00e3n)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Multi-label Classification l\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng &#8220;nh\u00ecn&#8221; \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-thuat-toan-Classification-pho-bien\"><\/span>6 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Classification ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n classification, m\u1ed7i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n <strong>ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u00e0i to\u00e1n, lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/strong> c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Logistic-Regression\"><\/span>1. Logistic Regression<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Logistic Regression l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m sigmoid \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, <strong>th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng cho b\u00e0i to\u00e1n binary classification.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 &#8220;regression&#8221; (h\u1ed3i quy), Logistic Regression th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n <i>ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/i>. N\u00f3 &#8220;h\u1ed3i quy&#8221; x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Logistic Regression l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>h\u00e0m sigmoid (logistic function)<\/strong>. H\u00e0m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef S, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c n\u00e0o v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n weighted sum:<\/strong> T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 linear regression, Logistic Regression t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o: <code>z = w0 + w1*x1 + w2*x2 + ... + wn*xn<\/code> (trong \u0111\u00f3 <code>w<\/code> l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1, <code>x<\/code> l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m sigmoid:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb <code>z<\/code> v\u00e0o h\u00e0m sigmoid: <code>p = 1 \/ (1 + exp(-z))<\/code>. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 <code>p<\/code> l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp positive (l\u1edbp 1).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu <code>p &gt;= ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng (threshold)<\/code> (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 0.5), \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 1; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 0.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25952\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25952\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Logistic-Regression.jpg\" alt=\"Logistic Regression\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25952\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Logistic-Regression.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Logistic-Regression-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Logistic-Regression-1024x538.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Logistic-Regression-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Logistic-Regression-750x394.jpg 750w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Logistic-Regression-1140x599.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25952\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Logistic Regression<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-Decision-Tree\"><\/span>2. Decision Tree<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Decision <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cau-truc-du-lieu-tree-cay\/\">Tree<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i <strong>d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2y<\/strong>, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i n\u00fat trong (internal node) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, m\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m tra, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i n\u00fat l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 &#8220;20 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi&#8221;. B\u1ea1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi &#8220;c\u00f3\/kh\u00f4ng&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1eb9p ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111o\u00e1n ra \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111ang ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn. Decision Tree ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u00f3 chia nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1eadp con ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u00fat l\u00e1 thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t (ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp).<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u00fat g\u1ed1c (root node):<\/strong> Ch\u1ee9a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 chia:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o nh\u01b0 Information Gain, Gini Index \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i:<\/strong> L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho t\u1eebng nh\u00e1nh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi:\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u00fat l\u00e1 thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-Support-Vector-Machine-SVM\"><\/span>3. Support Vector Machine (SVM)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>SVM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i <strong>t\u00ecm si\u00eau ph\u1eb3ng (hyperplane) t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c l\u1edbp trong kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, sao cho l\u1ec1 (margin) gi\u1eefa si\u00eau ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hai nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf hai b\u00ean m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia hai nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng SVM s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng n\u00e0o &#8220;t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t&#8221;, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n):<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kernel trick \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sang kh\u00f4ng gian chi\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y si\u00eau ph\u1eb3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ecm si\u00eau ph\u1eb3ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u:<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm si\u00eau ph\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 l\u1ec1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c support vectors (vect\u01a1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a si\u00eau ph\u1eb3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25953\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25953\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Support-Vector-Machine.png\" alt=\"Support Vector Machine\" width=\"1024\" height=\"627\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25953\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Support-Vector-Machine.png 1024w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Support-Vector-Machine-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Support-Vector-Machine-768x470.png 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Support-Vector-Machine-750x459.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25953\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Support Vector Machine<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-Naive-Bayes\"><\/span>4. Naive Bayes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Naive Bayes l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i <strong>d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd Bayes<\/strong>, v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8220;ng\u00e2y th\u01a1&#8221; (naive) r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<p>Naive Bayes l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n &#8220;h\u1ecdc&#8221; t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 xem x\u00e9t x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng trong t\u1eebng l\u1edbp, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd Bayes \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ti\u00ean nghi\u1ec7m (prior probability):<\/strong> X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng l\u1edbp trong t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 email spam trong t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n).<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (conditional probability):<\/strong> X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng trong t\u1eebng l\u1edbp (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb &#8220;khuy\u1ebfn m\u00e3i&#8221; xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong email spam).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd Bayes:<\/strong> T\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng l\u1edbp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> Ch\u1ecdn l\u1edbp c\u00f3 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-k-Nearest-Neighbors-k-NN\"><\/span>5. k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i <strong>d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/strong>, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n c\u1ee7a <i>k<\/i> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>k-NN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n &#8220;l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng&#8221; (lazy learner), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 &#8220;h\u1ecdc&#8221; m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 ghi nh\u1edb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ecdn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb <\/strong><i><strong>k<\/strong><\/i><strong>:<\/strong> S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch:<\/strong> T\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n (th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch Euclidean).<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ecm <\/strong><i><strong>k<\/strong><\/i><strong> l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Ch\u1ecdn ra <i>k<\/i> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> G\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ed1 <i>k<\/i> l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-Random-Forest\"><\/span>6. Random Forest<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Random Forest l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n <strong>ensemble learning<\/strong> (h\u1ecdc k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p), k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (decision tree) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m overfitting.<\/p>\n<p>Random Forest gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng&#8221; c\u00e1c c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed7i c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp con d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp con \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Khi c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 Random Forest s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn l\u1edbp c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp con d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n (bagging).<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp con \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng t\u1eeb t\u1eadp \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean t\u1eadp con d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1eadp con \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i:<\/strong> L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc 1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t &#8220;r\u1eebng&#8221; c\u00e1c c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> Khi c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y trong r\u1eebng. M\u1ed7i c\u00e2y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 l\u1edbp c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy-trinh-thuc-hien-bai-toan-Classification\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0i to\u00e1n Classification<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Thu-thap-du-lieu-Data-Collection\"><\/span>1. Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Collection)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Classification ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 <strong>ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong> (t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, t\u1eeb web scraping, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edf, hay t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i <strong>\u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn<\/strong>, <strong>\u0111a d\u1ea1ng<\/strong>, v\u00e0 <strong>\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n<\/strong> cho b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i email spam, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thu th\u1eadp m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn email, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 email spam v\u00e0 email kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i spam, t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau. Ho\u1eb7c, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u00f3 m\u00e8o, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea3nh ch\u00f3, m\u00e8o v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i, g\u00f3c ch\u1ee5p, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 <strong>g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (labeling)<\/strong>. V\u00ec Classification l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n supervised learning, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n cho t\u1eebng m\u1eabu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1edbi email, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 email n\u00e0o l\u00e0 spam, email n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i spam. V\u1edbi \u1ea3nh ch\u00f3 m\u00e8o, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n &#8220;ch\u00f3&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;m\u00e8o&#8221; cho t\u1eebng \u1ea3nh. Vi\u1ec7c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-Tien-xu-ly-du-lieu-Data-Preprocessing\"><\/span>2. Ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Preprocessing)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng &#8220;s\u1ea1ch&#8221; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Cleaning)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebfu (missing values):<\/strong> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0: gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung v\u1ecb, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t (mode), ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5u (noisy data):<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, sai l\u1ec7ch (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tu\u1ed5i = 200).<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ngo\u1ea1i lai (outliers):<\/strong> Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ef1c \u0111oan (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: thu nh\u1eadp qu\u00e1 cao ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Transformation)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (categorical data):<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>One-hot encoding:<\/strong> Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t vector nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u00e0u s\u1eafc = [&#8220;\u0111\u1ecf&#8221;, &#8220;xanh&#8221;, &#8220;v\u00e0ng&#8221;] -&gt; [1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Label encoding:<\/strong> G\u00e1n m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/so-nguyen-integer\/\">s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean<\/a> (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u00e0u s\u1eafc = [&#8220;\u0111\u1ecf&#8221;, &#8220;xanh&#8221;, &#8220;v\u00e0ng&#8221;] -&gt; 1, 2, 3).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (scaling\/normalization):<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng [0, 1] ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 trung b\u00ecnh = 0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n = 1).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Dimensionality Reduction)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Principal Component Analysis (PCA):<\/strong> Chi\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 chi\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-Trich-chon-dac-trung-Feature-Engineering\"><\/span>3. Tr\u00edch ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng (Feature Engineering)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng (features) t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. &#8220;T\u1ed1t&#8221; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp cao, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin th\u1eeba, nhi\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng (Feature Selection):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i to\u00e1n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan cao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Filter methods:<\/strong> D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: correlation, mutual information, chi-square).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Wrapper methods:<\/strong> Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c t\u1eadp con \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Embedded methods:<\/strong> T\u00edch h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: LASSO, Ridge regression, Decision Tree).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng m\u1edbi (Feature Creation):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\n<ul>\n<li>Trong b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb (n-grams).<\/li>\n<li>Trong b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron t\u00edch ch\u1eadp (Convolutional Neural Network).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-Chon-mo-hinh-Model-Selection\"><\/span>4. Ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (Model Selection)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Classification n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi b\u00e0i to\u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n:<\/strong> Binary classification, multiclass classification, hay multi-label classification?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh&#8230;?<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao nh\u1ea5t, hay c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y nhanh, hay c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u00e3y <strong>th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong> v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes), sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eed c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: SVM, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Neural Networks).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-Huan-luyen-mo-hinh-Model-Training\"><\/span>5. Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (Model Training)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n (training data) \u0111\u1ec3 &#8220;d\u1ea1y&#8221; m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c <strong>tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/strong> c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh sao cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang nh\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1edbi Logistic Regression, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 (weights) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 do (bias) sao cho h\u00e0m loss (\u0111o s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf) l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/strong> C\u1ea7n chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n (training set) v\u00e0 t\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m tra (test set). T\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n t\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi (s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc sau).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-Danh-gia-mo-hinh-Model-Evaluation\"><\/span>6. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (Model Evaluation)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xem m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00eam hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m tra (test set) \u2013 t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng &#8220;nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y&#8221; trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o nh\u01b0 Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score, Confusion Matrix, ROC Curve, AUC \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7-Tinh-chinh-mo-hinh-Model-Tuning\"><\/span>7. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (Model Tuning)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Hi\u1ebfm khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ngay t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. B\u01b0\u1edbc tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1 (hyperparameters) c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh:<\/strong> V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1edbi Decision Tree, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 chia m\u1ed9t n\u00fat&#8230; V\u1edbi SVM, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tham s\u1ed1 C (m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea1t cho c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i), tham s\u1ed1 gamma (\u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kernel)&#8230;<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Grid search:<\/strong> Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Random search:<\/strong> Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bayesian optimization:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8-Trien-khai-mo-hinh-Model-Deployment\"><\/span>8. Tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (Model Deployment)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/web-application-la-gi\/\">\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web<\/a>: <\/strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i l\u00ean \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (ch\u00f3\/m\u00e8o).<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang:<\/strong> V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng camera an ninh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t API (Application Programming Interface):<\/strong> Cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Classification-khac-gi-voi-Regression\"><\/span>Classification kh\u00e1c g\u00ec v\u1edbi Regression?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Classification v\u00e0 Regression \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n Supervised Learning (H\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t), nh\u01b0ng Classification d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u00e3n l\u1edbp r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, trong khi Regression d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>Classification gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c r\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: r\u1ed5 &#8220;\u0111\u1ecf&#8221;, r\u1ed5 &#8220;xanh&#8221;, r\u1ed5 &#8220;v\u00e0ng&#8221;). C\u00f2n Regression gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i,&#8230; Chi\u1ec1u cao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kieu-so-thuc-float-double-la-gi\/\">s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c<\/a> n\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (Target <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/bien-la-gi\/\">Variable<\/a>):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Classification:<\/strong> Bi\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 <i>ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/i> (categorical), <i>r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c<\/i> (discrete). N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp (classes) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m (categories).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Regression:<\/strong> Bi\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 <i>s\u1ed1<\/i> (numerical), <i>li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/i> (continuous). N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Classification:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea7u ra th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Regression:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea7u ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung-dung-thuc-te-cua-Classification\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Classification<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Classification (Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft trong Machine Learning m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kinh doanh. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng, Classification \u0111ang \u00e2m th\u1ea7m gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan-loai-thu-rac\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0 r\u00e1c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng classification m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta <strong>tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/strong>. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u01b0 r\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n classification (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Naive Bayes, SVM, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh deep learning) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i email th\u00e0nh &#8220;spam&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;kh\u00f4ng spam&#8221; (ham).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn c\u00e1c email \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n (spam\/kh\u00f4ng spam). C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m:\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1eeb ng\u1eef xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong email (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;khuy\u1ebfn m\u00e3i&#8221;, &#8220;mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed&#8221;, &#8220;tr\u00fang th\u01b0\u1edfng&#8221;&#8230;).<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi.<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 email.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ec7p \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng&#8230;).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong> Gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n b\u1edfi th\u01b0 r\u00e1c, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c email l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chan-doan-benh\"><\/span>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Classification \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c <strong>h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh<\/strong> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh y t\u1ebf (X-quang, MRI, CT scan&#8230;).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh \u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:\n<ul>\n<li>Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh y t\u1ebf (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong> Gi\u00fap ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh s\u1edbm v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan-loai-hinh-anh\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c <strong>r\u1ea5t s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> trong computer vision (th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh), v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 convolutional neural networks &#8211; CNN) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u1ea3nh ch\u00f3, m\u00e8o, \u00f4 t\u00f4, m\u00e1y bay&#8230;).<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong> M\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 an ninh, giao th\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan-loai-van-ban\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Classification \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/strong>, gi\u00fap t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Naive Bayes, SVM, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh deep learning nh\u01b0 RNN, Transformer) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n vector c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (word embeddings).<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong> Gi\u00fap t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhan-dang-chu-viet-tay\"><\/span>Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft tay<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Classification gi\u00fap <strong>chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft tay th\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u1ed1<\/strong>, m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 CNN ho\u1eb7c RNN) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 vi\u1ebft tay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phat-hien-gian-lan\"><\/span>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n gian l\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Classification \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch gian l\u1eadn<\/strong>, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n (gian l\u1eadn\/kh\u00f4ng gian l\u1eadn). C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1eddi gian giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<li>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong> Gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch gian l\u1eadn, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Classification kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Classification.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Machine Learning, Data Science, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao, InterData.vn cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Qu\u00fd Kh\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/vietnam-dedicated-server\"><strong>Thu\u00ea Server<\/strong><\/a>, s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/cloud-server\/\"><strong>Thu\u00ea Cloud Server<\/strong><\/a>, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-vps\/\"><strong>Thu\u00ea VPS<\/strong><\/a>, hay gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c website nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-hosting\/\"><strong>Thu\u00ea Hosting<\/strong><\/a>, InterData.vn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>InterData<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Website:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Interdata.vn<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hotline 24\/7:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>1900-636822<\/li>\n<li><strong>Email:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Info@interdata.vn<\/li>\n<li><strong>VP\u0110D:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>240 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Ch\u00ednh, P.11. Q. Ph\u00fa Nhu\u1eadn, TP. Ho\u0302\u0300 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/li>\n<li><strong>VPGD:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>S\u1ed1 211 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 5, K\u0110T Lakeview City, P. An Ph\u00fa, TP. Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c, TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecdc th\u01b0 r\u00e1c, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh y t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (classification systems) \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u1eady, Classification l\u00e0 g\u00ec? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":25957,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25942","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25942"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25942\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26095,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25942\/revisions\/26095"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25942"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25942"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25942"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}