{"id":20085,"date":"2025-03-21T10:00:25","date_gmt":"2025-03-21T03:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=20085"},"modified":"2025-05-07T16:32:44","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T09:32:44","slug":"kvm-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"KVM l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ea2o h\u00f3a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Linux, \u01afu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 So s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>B\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ao-hoa-la-gi\/\">\u1ea3o h\u00f3a<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/may-chu-server-la-gi\/\">m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/a> Linux? KVM (Kernel-based <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/virtual-machine-la-gi\/\">Virtual Machine<\/a>) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p KVM l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. InterData c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m, so s\u00e1nh KVM v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Xen, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vmware-la-gi\/\">VMware<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/hyper-v-la-gi\/\">Hyper-V<\/a>. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a KVM nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#KVM-Kernel-based-Virtual-Machine-la-gi\" >KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Lich-su-phat-trien-cua-KVM\" >L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a KVM<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Cach-thuc-hoat-dong-cua-KVM\" >C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a KVM<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Nhung-uu-diem-cua-KVM\" >Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a KVM<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Hieu-suat-cao\" >Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Tinh-bao-mat\" >T\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Ma-nguon-mo\" >M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Kha-nang-mo-rong\" >Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Tinh-on-dinh\" >T\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Ho-tro-da-dang-he-dieu-hanh\" >H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Nhung-han-che-cua-KVM\" >Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a KVM<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Yeu-cau-he-dieu-hanh-Linux\" >Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Yeu-cau-phan-cung-ho-tro-ao-hoa\" >Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Do-phuc-tap-trong-cai-dat-va-cau-hinh\" >\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Giao-dien-quan-ly-khong-tich-hop\" >Giao di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#So-sanh-KVM-voi-cac-cong-nghe-ao-hoa-khac\" >So s\u00e1nh KVM v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#KVM-vs-Xen\" >KVM vs Xen<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#KVM-vs-VMware\" >KVM vs VMware<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#KVM-vs-Hyper-V\" >KVM vs Hyper-V<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Nhung-ung-dung-thuc-tien-cua-KVM\" >Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a KVM<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Ao-hoa-may-chu\" >\u1ea2o h\u00f3a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Dien-toan-dam-may\" >\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Phat-trien-va-kiem-thu-phan-mem\" >Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Ao-hoa-desktop\" >\u1ea2o h\u00f3a desktop<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/#Hoc-tap-va-nghien-cuu\" >H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"KVM-Kernel-based-Virtual-Machine-la-gi\"><\/span>KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kvm-la-gi\/\">KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine)<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ao-hoa-toan-phan-la-gi\/\">\u1ea3o h\u00f3a to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n<\/a> (full virtualization) <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/open-source-la-gi\/\">m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf<\/a> d\u00e0nh cho <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/he-dieu-hanh-linux-la-gi\/\">h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux<\/a>.<\/strong> N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t hypervisor lo\u1ea1i 1 (bare-metal), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n Linux. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, KVM bi\u1ebfn <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/he-dieu-hanh\/\">h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/a> Linux th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y \u1ea3o (VMs) \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, m\u1ed7i m\u00e1y \u1ea3o s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/KVM-Kernel-based-Virtual-Machine.jpg\" alt=\"KVM-Kernel-based-Virtual-Machine\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28050\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/KVM-Kernel-based-Virtual-Machine.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/KVM-Kernel-based-Virtual-Machine-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/KVM-Kernel-based-Virtual-Machine-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/KVM-Kernel-based-Virtual-Machine-750x394.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lich-su-phat-trien-cua-KVM\"><\/span>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a KVM<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>KVM b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006 b\u1edfi Qumranet<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i Israel. Avi Kivity, m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-la-gi\/\">l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/a> vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Qumranet, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a KVM l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ea3o h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n Linux.<\/p>\n<p><strong>KVM nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n Linux ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/strong> t\u1eeb phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.6.20, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2007. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u01b0a KVM tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i Linux. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a KVM.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008, Red Hat, Inc. \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i Qumranet<\/strong> v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 107 tri\u1ec7u USD. Red Hat nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a KVM v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Sau khi s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp, Red Hat ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n KVM, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u1ea3o h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL).<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Red Hat, <strong>KVM \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc<\/strong> v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Red Hat \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a KVM. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay, <strong>KVM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u1ea3o h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Google Cloud Platform v\u00e0 Amazon Web Services c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng KVM l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. KVM h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a KVM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/source-code-la-gi\/\">m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/a> m\u1edf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf, KVM \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach-thuc-hoat-dong-cua-KVM\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a KVM<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>KVM ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n Linux th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t hypervisor lo\u1ea1i 1 (bare-metal).<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 KVM t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, th\u00f4ng qua module KVM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o (VMs). KVM kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh trung gian, m\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, <strong>KVM y\u00eau c\u1ea7u <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cpu-server\/\">CPU<\/a> h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3o h\u00f3a<\/strong>. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Intel VT-x (Virtualization Technology) ho\u1eb7c AMD-V (AMD Virtualization). C\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, cho ph\u00e9p CPU x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, <strong>KVM s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/strong> cho m\u00e1y \u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m CPU \u1ea3o, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u1ea3o, card m\u1ea1ng \u1ea3o, \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a \u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u1ea3o kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed7i m\u00e1y \u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>KVM s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng QEMU (Quick EMUlator) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/strong> cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o. QEMU l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1edd QEMU, KVM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/guest-os-la-gi\/\">guest OS<\/a>) kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Windows, Linux, BSD, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c, t\u0103ng t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cho KVM.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o KVM th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua <strong>libvirt<\/strong>. Libvirt cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t API (Application Programming Interface) th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 KVM. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 <strong>virt-manager<\/strong> (giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda) v\u00e0 <strong>virsh<\/strong> (d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng libvirt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o KVM.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u1ea3o Windows tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Linux s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng KVM, KVM s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng QEMU \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t card \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda, \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 Windows c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Libvirt s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (CPU, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ram-server\/\">RAM<\/a>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t cho m\u00e1y \u1ea3o n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung-uu-diem-cua-KVM\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a KVM<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ea3o h\u00f3a h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay. Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hieu-suat-cao\"><\/span>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>KVM t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u1ea3o h\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/strong> (Intel VT-x ho\u1eb7c AMD-V) \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u00e1y v\u1eadt l\u00fd (near-native performance). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean KVM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. KVM gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh-bao-mat\"><\/span>T\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>KVM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n Linux<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ke-thua-la-gi\/\">k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/a> c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, KVM c\u00f2n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux) v\u00e0 sVirt (Secure Virtualization) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o v\u1edbi nhau. KVM \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho m\u00e1y \u1ea3o, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ma-nguon-mo\"><\/span>M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>KVM l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf<\/strong>, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn KVM theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n KVM r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kha-nang-mo-rong\"><\/span>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>KVM c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean linh ho\u1ea1t<\/strong>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m CPU, RAM, \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/web-application-la-gi\/\">\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web<\/a> ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh-on-dinh\"><\/span>T\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>KVM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ea3o h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng qua th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh KVM th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ho-tro-da-dang-he-dieu-hanh\"><\/span>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>KVM h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch (guest OS)<\/strong>, bao g\u1ed3m Linux, Windows, BSD, Solaris, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. KVM cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/server-vat-ly-la-gi\/\">m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng KVM \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o ch\u1ea1y <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/windows-server-la-gi\/\">Windows Server<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Active Directory, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o ch\u1ea1y Linux \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung-han-che-cua-KVM\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a KVM<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 KVM c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ea3o h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yeu-cau-he-dieu-hanh-Linux\"><\/span>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>KVM ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Windows Server. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng KVM, b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Linux l\u00e0m h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/host-os-la-gi\/\">host OS<\/a>). N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yeu-cau-phan-cung-ho-tro-ao-hoa\"><\/span>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>KVM y\u00eau c\u1ea7u CPU ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3o h\u00f3a<\/strong> (Intel VT-x ho\u1eb7c AMD-V). N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 CPU h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng KVM. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u0169 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch. C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do-phuc-tap-trong-cai-dat-va-cau-hinh\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh KVM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/strong> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 Linux, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai KVM th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. C\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giao-dien-quan-ly-khong-tich-hop\"><\/span>Giao di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>KVM kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n<\/strong>. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba nh\u01b0 virt-manager (giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda) ho\u1eb7c virsh (d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh) \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quen v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n quen v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vmware-vsphere-la-gi\/\">VMware vSphere<\/a>, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd KVM th\u00f4ng qua virt-manager ho\u1eb7c virsh ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd h\u01a1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi l\u00e0m quen, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So-sanh-KVM-voi-cac-cong-nghe-ao-hoa-khac\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh KVM v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>KVM kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ea3o h\u00f3a duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. Vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh KVM v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m Xen, VMware v\u00e0 Hyper-V, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"KVM-vs-Xen\"><\/span>KVM vs Xen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Xen, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 KVM, <strong>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hypervisor lo\u1ea1i 1 (bare-metal)<\/strong> m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Xen c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac microkernel, trong \u0111\u00f3 hypervisor l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c driver thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c ch\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. KVM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n Linux, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u00ean Linux.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, <strong>KVM th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 I\/O<\/strong> (\u0111\u1ecdc\/ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n Linux. Xen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00ednh c\u00f4 l\u1eadp cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o, do ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac microkernel c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa KVM v\u00e0 Xen ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thu h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, c\u1ea3 KVM v\u00e0 Xen \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u1ea3o h\u00f3a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao, nh\u01b0 live migration (di chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e1y \u1ea3o \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y), <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/snapshot-la-gi\/\">snapshot<\/a> (t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n sao l\u01b0u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e1y \u1ea3o), v\u00e0 dynamic <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/memory-management-la-gi\/\">memory management<\/a> (qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ed9ng). Tuy nhi\u00ean, <strong>KVM th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n<\/strong> so v\u1edbi Xen.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, <strong>KVM c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi Red Hat v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. Xen c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng KVM. X\u00e9t t\u1ed5ng quan, KVM th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"KVM-vs-VMware\"><\/span>KVM vs VMware<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>VMware l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ea3o h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 <strong>VMware vSphere, bao g\u1ed3m hypervisor ESXi (lo\u1ea1i 1)<\/strong>. VMware n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c quan, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng cao c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0 vMotion (live migration), DRS (Distributed Resource Scheduler), v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/high-availability-la-gi\/\">High Availability<\/a>. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 <strong>VMware l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed, <strong>KVM l\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed<\/strong>. VMware vSphere l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n. Chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n VMware c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1 cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn. Do \u0111\u00f3, KVM l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u01a1n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3 KVM v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vmware-esxi-la-gi\/\">VMware ESXi<\/a> \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, VMware ESXi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat nh\u1edd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, <strong>KVM \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong>. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, VMware vSphere c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi KVM, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, <strong>KVM c\u0169ng \u0111ang d\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/strong>, v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"KVM-vs-Hyper-V\"><\/span>KVM vs Hyper-V<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Hyper-V l\u00e0 <strong>hypervisor lo\u1ea1i 1 c\u1ee7a Microsoft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong Windows Server<\/strong>. Hyper-V cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u1ea3o h\u00f3a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 KVM v\u00e0 VMware, bao g\u1ed3m live migration, snapshot, v\u00e0 dynamic memory management. Hyper-V l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ea3o h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Microsoft. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Linux, th\u00ec KVM ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, <strong>KVM ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean Linux, c\u00f2n Hyper-V ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean Windows Server<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa hai c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Microsoft, Hyper-V c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Linux, KVM l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3 KVM v\u00e0 Hyper-V \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, Hyper-V c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf h\u01a1n khi ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o Windows, do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, <strong>KVM th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t I\/O t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n tr\u00ean Linux<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed, KVM l\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. Hyper-V \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong Windows Server, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n cho Windows Server. Chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n Windows Server c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1 cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn. Nh\u00ecn chung, <strong>KVM ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n, Hyper-V t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Windows.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung-ung-dung-thuc-tien-cua-KVM\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a KVM<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb \u1ea3o h\u00f3a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/kiem-thu-phan-mem-la-gi\/\">ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/a>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3o h\u00f3a desktop v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a KVM khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ao-hoa-may-chu\"><\/span>\u1ea2o h\u00f3a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u1ea2o h\u00f3a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a KVM. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>KVM \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vps-la-gi\/\">VPS<\/a>)<\/strong> tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. \u1ea2o h\u00f3a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng KVM \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/web-server\/\">m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/apache-la-gi\/\">Apache<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/\">Nginx<\/a>), m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mysql-la-gi\/\">MySQL<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/postgresql-la-gi\/\">PostgreSQL<\/a>), m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 email (Postfix, Dovecot), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y <strong>gi\u00fap t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/strong> ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dien-toan-dam-may\"><\/span>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>KVM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u <strong>d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cloud-computing-la-gi\/\">cloud computing<\/a>)<\/strong>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-saas-paas-va-iaas\/\">IaaS<\/a> (Infrastructure as a Service). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng KVM \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. KVM \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Google Cloud Platform, DigitalOcean, Vultr, v\u00e0 Linode \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng KVM. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 <strong>kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phat-trien-va-kiem-thu-phan-mem\"><\/span>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>KVM cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c <strong>ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/strong>. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. KVM gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng KVM \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Linux kh\u00e1c nhau (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ubuntu-server-la-gi\/\">Ubuntu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/he-dieu-hanh-centos\/\">CentOS<\/a>, Debian) \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y <strong>gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong> tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ao-hoa-desktop\"><\/span>\u1ea2o h\u00f3a desktop<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>KVM c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>\u1ea3o h\u00f3a desktop<\/strong>, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng KVM \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y Windows tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Linux c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hoc-tap-va-nghien-cuu\"><\/span>H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>KVM cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/strong>. Sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng KVM \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh. KVM th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ea3o h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t cho h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux. V\u1edbi \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, KVM ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan, chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 KVM, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-vps\/\" style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>thu\u00ea VPS gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb<\/strong><\/a><\/span> ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? T\u1ea1i InterData, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p VPS t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd AMD EPYC\/Intel Xeon v\u00e0 SSD NVMe U.2 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/bang-thong-la-gi\/\">b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/a> cao. Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, uy t\u00edn ngay h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh x\u1eed l\u00fd cao h\u01a1n cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/cloud-server\/\" style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>thu\u00ea Cloud Server gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb<\/strong><\/a><\/span> t\u1ea1i InterData l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, chip AMD\/Intel, SSD NVMe U.2, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cloud-server-may-chu-dam-may\/\">Cloud Server<\/a> mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Linux? KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p KVM l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. InterData c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m, so s\u00e1nh KVM v\u1edbi c\u00e1c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":28050,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20085","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vps"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20085","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20085"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20085\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28065,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20085\/revisions\/28065"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28050"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20085"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20085"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20085"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}