{"id":20001,"date":"2025-09-21T11:57:20","date_gmt":"2025-09-21T04:57:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=20001"},"modified":"2026-09-25T11:04:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T04:04:32","slug":"bao-mat-vps-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/bao-mat-vps-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn B\u1ea3o M\u1eadt VPS Linux &#8211; B\u1ea3o M\u1eadt SSH, UFW &#038; Fail2ban"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 100%;\"><strong>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS<\/strong> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ngay khi kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c, botnet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng brute-force t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi nh\u1eadn b\u00e0n giao m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi t\u1eeb <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InterData<\/a> ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o, server m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf c\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u00e9t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb internet. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt theo t\u1eebng l\u1edbp t\u1eeb c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh SSH, ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n sudo, d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- TABLE OF CONTENTS --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color: #eff6ff; padding: 20px; border: 1.5px solid #BFDBFE; border-radius: 12px; margin-bottom: 40px; box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(37,99,235,0.05);\">\n<p style=\"font-family: 'Be Vietnam Pro', sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-size: 18px; margin: 0 0 15px; color: #1e3a8a;\">N\u1ed8I DUNG B\u00c0I VI\u1ebeT<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: none; padding-left: 0; margin: 0;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section1\">1. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ec sao VPS m\u1edbi thu\u00ea c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ngay?<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section2\">2. Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section3\">3. B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: T\u1ea1o user m\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp root<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section4\">4. B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh SSH key v\u00e0 t\u1eaft x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section5\">5. B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: \u0110\u1ed5i port SSH m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean VPS Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section6\">6. B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda cho VPS v\u1edbi UFW v\u00e0 iptables<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section7\">7. B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Fail2ban ch\u1ed1ng Brute-Force<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section8\">8. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng production v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb n\u00e2ng cao<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"#section9\">9. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<style>\n.interdata-plan-carousel,.interdata-plan-carousel *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.interdata-plan-carousel{--blue:#005bea;--blue-dark:#004dcc;--text:#071832;--muted:#516173;--border:#d8e6fb;--bg:#f3f8ff;--shadow:0 5px 14px rgba(0,62,145,.08);background:var(--bg);padding:14px 56px 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;border-radius:20px;}\n.interdata-carousel-heading{color:#f00;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif;font-size:18px;line-height:1.35;font-weight:800;text-align:center;margin:0 0 14px}\n.interdata-plan-viewport{overflow:hidden;width:100%}\n.interdata-plan-track{display:flex;align-items:stretch;gap:12px;overflow:visible;padding:0 0 4px;transform:translate3d(0,0,0);transition:transform .45s ease;will-change:transform;touch-action:pan-y}\n.interdata-plan-card{flex:0 0 calc((100% - 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16px}.interdata-plan-card{flex-basis:100%}.interdata-plan-price{font-size:23px}.interdata-carousel-arrow{width:34px;height:44px}.interdata-carousel-mark{font-size:32px!important}.interdata-carousel-prev{left:3px}.interdata-carousel-next{right:3px}}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"interdata-plan-carousel\" data-interdata-carousel>\n  <div class=\"interdata-carousel-heading\">Si\u00eau \u01afu \u0110\u00e3i VPS \/ CLOUD SERVER - Ti\u1ebft Ki\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ebfn 70%<\/div>\n\n  <svg width=\"0\" height=\"0\" style=\"position:absolute;visibility:hidden\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    <symbol id=\"id-icon-cpu\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"7\" y=\"7\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><path d=\"M4 9h3M4 15h3M17 9h3M17 15h3M9 4v3M15 4v3M9 17v3M15 17v3\"><\/path><path d=\"M10 10h4v4h-4z\"><\/path><\/symbol>\n    <symbol id=\"id-icon-ram\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"8\" width=\"16\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><path d=\"M7 16v2M11 16v2M15 16v2M19 16v2M7 11h1M11 11h1M15 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t=r.querySelector('.interdata-plan-track'),c=t?t.querySelectorAll('.interdata-plan-card'):[];if(!t||!c.length)return false;var v=window.matchMedia('(max-width:480px)').matches?1:(window.matchMedia('(max-width:800px)').matches?2:3),m=Math.max(0,c.length-Math.min(v,c.length||1)),s=[],i=0;while(i&lt;m){s.push(i);i+=v}if(!s.length||s[s.length-1]!==m)s.push(m);var p=parseInt(r.getAttribute('data-inline-page')||'0',10);p=(p-1+s.length)%s.length;r.setAttribute('data-inline-page',p);var g=parseFloat(window.getComputedStyle(t).gap)||12,w=c[0].getBoundingClientRect().width;t.style.transition='transform .45s ease';t.style.transform='translate3d('+(-(w+g)*s[p])+'px,0,0)';return false;\">\n    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M15 18l-6-6 6-6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n    <span class=\"interdata-carousel-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#8249;<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n\n  <div class=\"interdata-plan-viewport\">\n    <div class=\"interdata-plan-track\">\n      <!-- 7 card d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng: JavaScript s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb API portal khi trang t\u1ea3i. -->\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\" data-plan-pid=\"490\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">Premium Base<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">299.000 \u0111<span>\/3 th\u00e1ng<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>2 vCore Intel Xeon Scalable<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>2 GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>30 GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>1 IPv4 Private<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>300Mbps Network Port<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Unlimited Bandwidth<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/best-value-plans-2026\/best-value-plans-premium-base\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\" data-plan-pid=\"529\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">INTER PLATINUM 1<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">998.000 \u0111<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>2 vCore<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>3 GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>30 GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>1 IPv4 Private<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>300Mbps Network Port<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Unlimited Bandwidth<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/inter-platinum-series-2026\/inter-platinum-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\" data-plan-pid=\"530\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">INTER PLATINUM 2<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">2.666.000 \u0111<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>5 vCore<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>8 GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>70 GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>1 IPv4 Private<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>300Mbps Network Port<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Unlimited Bandwidth<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/inter-platinum-series-2026\/inter-platinum-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\" data-plan-pid=\"531\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">INTER PLATINUM 3<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">5.888.000 \u0111<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>9 vCore<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>16 GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>140 GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>1 IPv4 Private<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>300Mbps Network Port<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Unlimited Bandwidth<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/inter-platinum-series-2026\/inter-platinum-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\" data-plan-pid=\"521\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">BD-Cloud 1<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">988.000 \u0111<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>3 vCore<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>3 GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>30 GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>1 IPv4 Private<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>300Mbps Network Port<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Unlimited Bandwidth<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/best-plan-real-cloud\/bd-cloud-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\" data-plan-pid=\"522\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">BD-Cloud 2<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">2.988.000 \u0111<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>4 vCore<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>8 GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>80 GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>1 IPv4 Private<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>300 Mbps Network Port<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Unlimited Bandwidth<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/best-plan-real-cloud\/bd-cloud-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n\n      <article class=\"interdata-plan-card\" data-plan-pid=\"523\">\n        <h3 class=\"interdata-plan-title\">BD-Cloud 3<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-price\">5.999.000 \u0111<span>\/n\u0103m<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"interdata-plan-badge\">GIA H\u1ea0N KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed4I GI\u00c1<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"interdata-plan-features\">\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-cpu\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>8 vCore<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-ram\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>16 GB RAM<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-storage\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>140 GB SSD NVMe<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>1 IPv4 Private<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>400 Mbps Network Port<\/li>\n          <li><span class=\"interdata-plan-icon\"><svg><use href=\"#id-icon-network\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>Unlimited Bandwidth<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n\n        <a class=\"interdata-plan-button\" href=\"https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/index.php?rp=\/store\/best-plan-real-cloud\/bd-cloud-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/a>\n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <button class=\"interdata-carousel-arrow interdata-carousel-next\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Xem 3 g\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp theo\" onclick=\"var r=this.closest('[data-interdata-carousel]');if(!r)return false;var t=r.querySelector('.interdata-plan-track'),c=t?t.querySelectorAll('.interdata-plan-card'):[];if(!t||!c.length)return false;var v=window.matchMedia('(max-width:480px)').matches?1:(window.matchMedia('(max-width:800px)').matches?2:3),m=Math.max(0,c.length-Math.min(v,c.length||1)),s=[],i=0;while(i&lt;m){s.push(i);i+=v}if(!s.length||s[s.length-1]!==m)s.push(m);var p=parseInt(r.getAttribute('data-inline-page')||'0',10);p=(p+1)%s.length;r.setAttribute('data-inline-page',p);var g=parseFloat(window.getComputedStyle(t).gap)||12,w=c[0].getBoundingClientRect().width;t.style.transition='transform .45s ease';t.style.transform='translate3d('+(-(w+g)*s[p])+'px,0,0)';return false;\">\n    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9 18l6-6-6-6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n    <span class=\"interdata-carousel-mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#8250;<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function(){\n  var API_GROUPS=[\n    {url:'https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/packages.php?gid=89&module',pids:[490]},\n    {url:'https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/packages.php?gid=100&module',pids:[529,530,531]},\n    {url:'https:\/\/support.interdata.vn\/packages.php?gid=97&module',pids:[521,522,523]}\n  ];\n  var PLAN_CYCLES={\n    490:{key:'quarterly',label:'3 th\u00e1ng'},\n    529:{key:'annually',label:'n\u0103m'},\n    530:{key:'annually',label:'n\u0103m'},\n    531:{key:'annually',label:'n\u0103m'},\n    521:{key:'annually',label:'n\u0103m'},\n    522:{key:'annually',label:'n\u0103m'},\n    523:{key:'annually',label:'n\u0103m'}\n  };\n\n  function fetchPlanData(){\n    if(window.interdataPlanApiPromise)return window.interdataPlanApiPromise;\n\n    window.interdataPlanApiPromise=Promise.all(API_GROUPS.map(function(group){\n      return fetch(group.url,{method:'GET',mode:'cors',cache:'no-store'})\n        .then(function(response){\n          if(!response.ok)throw new Error('API '+response.status);\n          return response.json();\n        })\n        .then(function(data){\n          if(!data||data.success!==true||!Array.isArray(data.products))return [];\n          return data.products.filter(function(product){\n            return group.pids.indexOf(Number(product.pid))!==-1;\n          });\n        })\n        .catch(function(error){\n          console.warn('Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u00f3m g\u00f3i InterData:',group.url,error);\n          return [];\n        });\n    })).then(function(groups){\n      return groups.reduce(function(all,products){return all.concat(products);},[]);\n    });\n\n    return window.interdataPlanApiPromise;\n  }\n\n  function parseDescription(html){\n    var source=String(html||'')\n      .replace(\/<brs*\/?>\/gi,'n')\n      .replace(\/<\/(p|div|li)>\/gi,'n');\n    var holder=document.createElement('div');\n    holder.innerHTML=source;\n    var strong=holder.querySelector('strong');\n    var badge=strong?strong.textContent.trim():'';\n    var lines=(holder.textContent||'').split(\/r?n\/).map(function(line){\n      return line.trim();\n    }).filter(Boolean);\n    if(badge&&lines[0]===badge)lines.shift();\n    return {badge:badge,features:lines};\n  }\n\n  function iconForFeature(feature){\n    if(\/ram\/i.test(feature))return 'id-icon-ram';\n    if(\/ssd|nvme|storage|disk\/i.test(feature))return 'id-icon-storage';\n    if(\/vcore|vcpu|cpu|xeon|amd\/i.test(feature))return 'id-icon-cpu';\n    if(\/ipv4|network|mbps|gbps|bandwidth\/i.test(feature))return 'id-icon-network';\n    return 'id-icon-gift';\n  }\n\n  function createFeatureItem(feature){\n    var item=document.createElement('li');\n    var icon=document.createElement('span');\n    var svg=document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg','svg');\n    var use=document.createElementNS('http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg','use');\n    icon.className='interdata-plan-icon';\n    use.setAttribute('href','#'+iconForFeature(feature));\n    svg.appendChild(use);\n    icon.appendChild(svg);\n    item.appendChild(icon);\n    item.appendChild(document.createTextNode(feature));\n    return item;\n  }\n\n  function updateCardFromApi(root,product){\n    var pid=Number(product.pid);\n    var cycle=PLAN_CYCLES[pid];\n    var card=root.querySelector('[data-plan-pid=\"'+pid+'\"]');\n    if(!card||!cycle)return;\n\n    var title=card.querySelector('.interdata-plan-title');\n    var priceBox=card.querySelector('.interdata-plan-price');\n    var badgeBox=card.querySelector('.interdata-plan-badge');\n    var featureList=card.querySelector('.interdata-plan-features');\n    var button=card.querySelector('.interdata-plan-button');\n    var description=parseDescription(product.description);\n    var pricing=product.pricing&&product.pricing.VND;\n    var price=pricing?Number(pricing[cycle.key]):-1;\n\n    if(title&&product.name)title.textContent=product.name;\n    if(priceBox&&Number.isFinite(price)&&price>=0){\n      priceBox.textContent=Math.round(price).toLocaleString('vi-VN')+' \u0111';\n      var suffix=document.createElement('span');\n      suffix.textContent='\/'+cycle.label;\n      priceBox.appendChild(suffix);\n    }\n    if(badgeBox&&description.badge)badgeBox.textContent=description.badge;\n    if(featureList&&description.features.length){\n      featureList.textContent='';\n      description.features.forEach(function(feature){\n        featureList.appendChild(createFeatureItem(feature));\n      });\n    }\n    if(button&&product.product_url)button.href=product.product_url;\n  }\n\n  function setupInterDataCarousel(root){\n    var track=root.querySelector('.interdata-plan-track');\n    var prev=root.querySelector('.interdata-carousel-prev');\n    var next=root.querySelector('.interdata-carousel-next');\n    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ResizeObserver(function(){renderSlide(false);});\n      resizeObserver.observe(root);\n    }\n    window.requestAnimationFrame(function(){renderSlide(false);});\n    window.setTimeout(function(){renderSlide(false);},250);\n    window.setTimeout(function(){renderSlide(false);},1000);\n\n    fetchPlanData().then(function(products){\n      products.forEach(function(product){updateCardFromApi(root,product);});\n      renderSlide(false);\n    });\n  }\n\n  function initInterDataCarousels(){\n    document.querySelectorAll('[data-interdata-carousel]').forEach(setupInterDataCarousel);\n  }\n\n  if(document.readyState==='loading'){\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',initInterDataCarousels);\n  }else{\n    initInterDataCarousels();\n  }\n\n  if('MutationObserver' in window){\n    var initQueued=false;\n    new MutationObserver(function(){\n      if(initQueued)return;\n      initQueued=true;\n      window.requestAnimationFrame(function(){\n        initQueued=false;\n        initInterDataCarousels();\n      });\n    }).observe(document.documentElement,{childList:true,subtree:true});\n  }\n})();\n<\/script>\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-2085346741\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-2085346741 {\n  padding-top: 15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p><!-- H2 #1 --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section1\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin: 40px 0 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">1. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ec sao VPS m\u1edbi thu\u00ea c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ngay?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS<\/strong> l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch truy c\u1eadp, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng khai th\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng internet.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-43722\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/bao-mat-VPS-Linux-2.jpg\" alt=\"B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS Linux\" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/bao-mat-VPS-Linux-2.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/bao-mat-VPS-Linux-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/bao-mat-VPS-Linux-2-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vps-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VPS l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u1ea3o h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Khi m\u1ed9t VPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u00f4ng khai. C\u00e1c botnet t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt port scanning tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ea3i IP public \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ed5ng 22 (c\u1ed5ng Secure Shell &#8211; SSH ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n). N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi user <code>root<\/code> v\u00e0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb d\u00f2 tr\u00fang m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u (brute-force attack) ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng khi m\u1ed9t VPS Linux kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp an ninh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.6;\">\n<li><strong>M\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t root user:<\/strong> K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t backdoor, chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a t\u1ec7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ecb l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng (Botnet):<\/strong> M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean CPU th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n (DDoS) ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong> To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ed m\u1eadt l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a SSD NVMe U.2 b\u1ecb tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- H2 #2 --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section2\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin: 40px 0 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">2. Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp an ninh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. Vi\u1ec7c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ed5ng SSH m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c t\u1eaft m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh SSH key th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin: 25px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; font-size: 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #1e3a8a; color: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">L\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">M\u1ee9c \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \/ T\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">R\u1ee7i ro n\u1ebfu b\u1ecf qua<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1; font-weight: 600;\">1. Ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1; color: #dc2626; font-weight: bold;\">B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c (C\u1ea5p 1)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\"><code>adduser<\/code>, <code>sudo<\/code>, <code>sshd_config<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">User root b\u1ecb brute-force chi\u1ebfm to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8fafc;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1; font-weight: 600;\">2. X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c SSH Key<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1; color: #dc2626; font-weight: bold;\">B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c (C\u1ea5p 1)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\"><code>ssh-keygen<\/code>, <code>authorized_keys<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">L\u1ed9 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp do \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1; font-weight: 600;\">3. T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda m\u1ea1ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\">Quan tr\u1ecdng (C\u1ea5p 2)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">UFW, iptables<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">L\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 database, redis, memcached ra ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8fafc;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1; font-weight: 600;\">4. Ch\u1ed1ng Brute-Force<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1; color: #2563eb; font-weight: bold;\">Quan tr\u1ecdng (C\u1ea5p 2)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">Fail2ban, <code>jail.local<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">Tr\u00e0n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean CPU v\u00e0 ph\u00ecnh to t\u1ec7p log h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng do bot d\u00f2 qu\u00e9t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1; font-weight: 600;\">5. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1; color: #16a34a; font-weight: bold;\">\u0110\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 (C\u1ea5p 3)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\"><code>apt upgrade<\/code>, <code>unattended-upgrades<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">B\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng nh\u00e2n Linux v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- H2 #3 --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section3\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin: 40px 0 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">3. B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: T\u1ea1o user m\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp root<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n <code>root<\/code> l\u00e0 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux (Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS). Do t\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp n\u00e0y c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb xa b\u1eb1ng root l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/huong-dan-bao-mat-ssh-vps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt SSH VPS to\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/a> chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-43725\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/bao-mat-user-tren-VPS-Linux.jpg\" alt=\"b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt user tr\u00ean VPS Linux\" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/bao-mat-user-tren-VPS-Linux.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/bao-mat-user-tren-VPS-Linux-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/bao-mat-user-tren-VPS-Linux-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">H\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh sau tr\u00ean terminal c\u1ee7a VPS:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1\/ C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt danh s\u00e1ch g\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt update &amp;&amp; sudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><em>(N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng CentOS\/RHEL, thay b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh: <code>sudo dnf update -y<\/code>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>2\/ T\u1ea1o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1edbi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 <code>sysadmin<\/code>):<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">adduser sysadmin<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadp m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u cho user m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 16 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1eef hoa, ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3\/ G\u00e1n quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb sudo cho t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o:<\/strong>Tr\u00ean Ubuntu \/ Debian:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">usermod -aG sudo sysadmin<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Tr\u00ean CentOS \/ Rocky Linux \/ AlmaLinux:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">usermod -aG wheel sysadmin<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>4\/ Ki\u1ec3m tra quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c thi sudo c\u1ee7a user m\u1edbi:<\/strong>M\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 Terminal m\u1edbi tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o (tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1eaft phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ssh sysadmin@dia_chi_ip_vps<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ch\u1ea1y l\u1ec7nh ki\u1ec3m tra quy\u1ec1n root:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo whoami<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0 <code>root<\/code>, t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5\/ V\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n root qua SSH:<\/strong>M\u1edf file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 SSH b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o Nano:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>T\u00ecm d\u00f2ng <code>PermitRootLogin<\/code>, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">PermitRootLogin no<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>L\u01b0u l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i (nh\u1ea5n <code>Ctrl + O<\/code>, sau \u0111\u00f3 <code>Enter<\/code> v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng <code>Ctrl + X<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>6\/ Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 SSH daemon \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh:<\/strong>Tr\u00ean Ubuntu\/Debian:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl restart ssh<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Tr\u00ean CentOS\/RHEL:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl restart sshd<\/code><\/pre>\n<div style=\"background: #FFFFFF; border: 1.5px solid #BFDBFE; border-radius: 10px; padding: 22px 25px; margin: 30px 0; box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.06); display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 15px; font-family: 'Be Vietnam Pro', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif;\">\n<div style=\"flex: 1; min-width: 280px;\">\n<p><span style=\"background: #EFF6FF; color: #2563eb; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; padding: 3px 8px; border-radius: 4px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">H\u1ea1 T\u1ea7ng Kh\u1edfi T\u1ea1o Ngay<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; margin: 6px 0 4px; line-height: 1.3;\">C\u1ea7n VPS Linux s\u1ea1ch cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n?<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #475569; font-size: 14px; margin: 0; line-height: 1.5;\">To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n root, \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng SSD NVMe U.2, c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n ch\u1ed1ng DDoS v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt 24\/7.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><a style=\"background: #2563EB; color: #ffffff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; padding: 11px 22px; border-radius: 6px; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.25);\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-vps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xem C\u00e1c G\u00f3i VPS Gi\u00e1 T\u1ed1t \u27f6<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"section4\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin: 40px 0 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">4. B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh SSH key v\u00e0 t\u1eaft x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng SSH key s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n: private key l\u01b0u an to\u00e0n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 public key l\u01b0u tr\u00ean VPS. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb b\u1ebb kh\u00f3a m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a quen thao t\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cach-truy-cap-vps-linux-bang-ssh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c\u00e1ch truy c\u1eadp VPS Linux b\u1eb1ng SSH<\/a> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1\/ Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a SSH tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (Local Machine):<\/strong>M\u1edf Terminal (macOS\/Linux) ho\u1eb7c PowerShell (Windows) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y l\u1ec7nh sinh kh\u00f3a chu\u1ea9n Ed25519 v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C \"admin_vps_interdata\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Nh\u1ea5n <code>Enter<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u01b0u m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh (<code>~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519<\/code>). B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp passphrase \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a private key n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng an ninh.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-43569\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Tao-SSH-key-tren-Windows.png\" alt=\"T\u1ea1o SSH key tr\u00ean Windows\" width=\"1000\" height=\"637\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Tao-SSH-key-tren-Windows.png 1016w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Tao-SSH-key-tren-Windows-300x191.png 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Tao-SSH-key-tren-Windows-768x489.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>2\/ \u0110\u1ea9y Public Key l\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 VPS:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 <code>ssh-copy-id<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a public key v\u00e0o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a user <code>sysadmin<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ssh-copy-id -i ~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519.pub sysadmin@dia_chi_ip_vps<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><em>(N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea1y Windows kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 <code>ssh-copy-id<\/code>, b\u1ea1n sao ch\u00e9p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ec7p <code>id_ed25519.pub<\/code> d\u00e1n v\u00e0o t\u1ec7p <code>~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code> tr\u00ean VPS v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n: <code>chmod 700 ~\/.ssh &amp;&amp; chmod 600 ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code>)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3\/ Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng SSH Key t\u1eeb m\u00e1y c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ssh -i ~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519 sysadmin@dia_chi_ip_vps<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o VPS m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadp m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Linux, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4\/ V\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u:<\/strong>Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn SSH Key ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1edf t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean VPS:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>T\u00ecm v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb sau v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chu\u1ea9n:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">PubkeyAuthentication yes\r\nPasswordAuthentication no\r\nKbdInteractiveAuthentication no\r\nChallengeResponseAuthentication no<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>5\/ Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 SSH daemon:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl restart ssh || sudo systemctl restart sshd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><!-- H2 #5 --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section5\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin: 40px 0 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">5. B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: \u0110\u1ed5i port SSH m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean VPS Linux<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ed5ng 22 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u00e9t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c script bot t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i port SSH sang m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong d\u1ea3i t\u1eeb 1024 \u0111\u1ebfn 65535 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <code>2288<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>54321<\/code>) gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 95% l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i r\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho t\u1ec7p log x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c <code>\/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1\/ M\u1edf t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 SSH:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>2\/ Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/strong>T\u00ecm d\u00f2ng <code>#Port 22<\/code>, b\u1ecf d\u1ea5u <code>#<\/code> \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng mong mu\u1ed1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <code>2288<\/code>):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">Port 2288<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>L\u01b0u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-43724\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Doi-port-SSH-mac-dinh-tren-VPS-Linux.png\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ed5i port SSH m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean VPS Linux\" width=\"1000\" height=\"615\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Doi-port-SSH-mac-dinh-tren-VPS-Linux.png 1009w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Doi-port-SSH-mac-dinh-tren-VPS-Linux-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Doi-port-SSH-mac-dinh-tren-VPS-Linux-768x473.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>3\/ Khai b\u00e1o m\u1edf c\u1ed5ng tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 SELinux ho\u1eb7c Firewall \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y):<\/strong>N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh CentOS\/RHEL c\u00f3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t SELinux, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n khai b\u00e1o c\u1ed5ng m\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi restart d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp 2288<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>4\/ Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 SSH daemon:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl restart ssh || sudo systemctl restart sshd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>5\/ Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed5ng SSH m\u1edbi:<\/strong>M\u1edf c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tham s\u1ed1 <code>-p<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ssh -p 2288 sysadmin@dia_chi_ip_vps<\/code><\/pre>\n<div style=\"background: linear-gradient(135deg, #EFF6FF 0%, #DBEAFE 100%); border: 1.5px solid #93C5FD; border-radius: 10px; padding: 22px 25px; margin: 30px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 15px; font-family: 'Be Vietnam Pro', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif;\">\n<div style=\"flex: 1; min-width: 280px;\">\n<p style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0 0 4px; line-height: 1.3;\">S\u0103n m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 VPS tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thanh to\u00e1n<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #475569; font-size: 14px; margin: 0; line-height: 1.5;\">T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p voucher, khuy\u1ebfn m\u00e3i v\u00e0 Hot Deals m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Canh Me InterData.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><a style=\"background: #1E3A8A; color: #ffffff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; padding: 11px 22px; border-radius: 6px; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap;\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/canhme\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xem Hot Deals T\u1ea1i Canh Me \u27f6<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"section6\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin: 40px 0 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">6. B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda cho VPS v\u1edbi UFW v\u00e0 iptables<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda (Firewall) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng, ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (nh\u01b0 MySQL port 3306, Redis port 6379, MongoDB port 27017). \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc g\u00f3i tin hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cach-thiet-lap-tuong-lua-cho-vps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda cho VPS<\/a> theo quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf c\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 600; margin: 25px 0 10px;\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tri\u1ec3n khai UFW tr\u00ean Ubuntu v\u00e0 Debian<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nhanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cai-dat-va-cau-hinh-ufw\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh UFW tr\u00ean Ubuntu<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1\/ C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t UFW n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt install ufw -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>2\/ Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u1ecdc g\u00f3i tin m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo ufw default deny incoming\r\nsudo ufw default allow outgoing<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>3\/ M\u1edf c\u1ed5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (SSH port m\u1edbi v\u00e0 Web server):<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo ufw allow 2288\/tcp comment 'Custom SSH Port'\r\nsudo ufw allow 80\/tcp comment 'HTTP Web'\r\nsudo ufw allow 443\/tcp comment 'HTTPS Secure Web'<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>4\/ K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda UFW:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Nh\u1ea5n <code>y<\/code> v\u00e0 <code>Enter<\/code> khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i SSH.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5\/ Ki\u1ec3m tra danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo ufw status numbered<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>aaaaaa<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-43112\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Kiem-tra-trang-thai-UFW.png\" alt=\"Ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i UFW\" width=\"495\" height=\"326\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Kiem-tra-trang-thai-UFW.png 495w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Kiem-tra-trang-thai-UFW-300x198.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 600; margin: 25px 0 10px;\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng g\u00f3i tin \u1edf m\u1ee9c s\u00e2u h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/huong-dan-cau-hinh-iptables-cho-vps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh iptables cho VPS<\/a> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c firewalld tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i RedHat s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin: 25px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; font-size: 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #1e3a8a; color: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1; font-weight: 600;\">UFW<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">Ubuntu, Debian<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nhanh c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8fafc;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1; font-weight: 600;\">iptables \/ Netfilter<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">N\u00e2ng cao<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">M\u1ecdi b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i Linux<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">T\u00f9y bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng NAT, can thi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i g\u00f3i tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1; font-weight: 600;\">Firewalld<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">CentOS, RHEL, Rocky, Alma<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 15px; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\">M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ng (zones)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- H2 #7 --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section7\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin: 40px 0 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">7. B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Fail2ban ch\u1ed1ng Brute-Force<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fail2ban l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c (nh\u01b0 <code>\/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code> tr\u00ean Debian\/Ubuntu ho\u1eb7c <code>\/var\/log\/secure<\/code> tr\u00ean CentOS). Khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho ph\u00e9p, Fail2ban s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ea1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m IP \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u1eafm r\u00f5 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem th\u00eam t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cai-dat-fail2ban-chong-brute-force-ssh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Fail2ban ch\u1ed1ng Brute-Force SSH<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1\/ C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t g\u00f3i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Fail2ban:<\/strong>Tr\u00ean Ubuntu\/Debian:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt install fail2ban -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Tr\u00ean CentOS\/RHEL\/AlmaLinux:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo dnf install epel-release -y &amp;&amp; sudo dnf install fail2ban -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>2\/ T\u1ea1o t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t:<\/strong>Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp file <code>jail.conf<\/code> v\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ghi \u0111\u00e8 khi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u00e3y t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n sao <code>jail.local<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo cp \/etc\/fail2ban\/jail.conf \/etc\/fail2ban\/jail.local\r\nsudo nano \/etc\/fail2ban\/jail.local<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>3\/ Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 SSH:<\/strong>T\u00ecm kh\u1ed1i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh <code>[sshd]<\/code> ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ed9i dung sau v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i t\u1ec7p:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-ini\">[sshd]\r\nenabled = true\r\nport = 2288\r\nfilter = sshd\r\nlogpath = \/var\/log\/auth.log\r\nmaxretry = 3\r\nfindtime = 600\r\nbantime = 86400\r\nignoreip = 127.0.0.1\/8 ::1 14.161.x.x<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><em>(Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: C\u1ea5m IP vi ph\u1ea1m trong 24 gi\u1edd (<code>86400<\/code> gi\u00e2y) n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadp sai m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u qu\u00e1 3 l\u1ea7n trong v\u00f2ng 10 ph\u00fat (<code>600<\/code> gi\u00e2y). \u0110i\u1ec1n IP t\u0129nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c <code>ignoreip<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 kh\u00f3a t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>4\/ K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi systemctl:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl enable fail2ban\r\nsudo systemctl restart fail2ban<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>5\/ Ki\u1ec3m tra danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111ang b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo fail2ban-client status sshd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-43377\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Trang-thai-fail2ban.png\" alt=\"Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i fail2ban\" width=\"865\" height=\"330\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Trang-thai-fail2ban.png 865w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Trang-thai-fail2ban-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Trang-thai-fail2ban-768x293.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #FFFFFF; border: 1.5px solid #CBD5E1; border-radius: 10px; padding: 22px 25px; margin: 30px 0; box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05); display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 15px; font-family: 'Be Vietnam Pro', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif;\">\n<div style=\"flex: 1; min-width: 280px;\">\n<p><span style=\"background: #F1F5F9; color: #475569; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; padding: 3px 8px; border-radius: 4px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Production<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #0f172a; font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; margin: 6px 0 4px; line-height: 1.3;\">C\u1ea7n h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng linh ho\u1ea1t cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng?<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #475569; font-size: 14px; margin: 0; line-height: 1.5;\">Cloud Server ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean an to\u00e0n, t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m CPU\/RAM nhanh theo t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 backup \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><a style=\"background: #0F172A; color: #ffffff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; padding: 11px 22px; border-radius: 6px; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap;\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/cloud-server\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xem B\u1ea3ng Gi\u00e1 Cloud Server \u27f6<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"section8\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin: 40px 0 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">8. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng production v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb n\u00e2ng cao<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp t\u1eadp trung.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u01b0u tr\u1eef script tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng qua Git, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/github-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GitHub l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a> v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t public key tr\u00ean kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c l\u1ed9 l\u1ecdt secret key ho\u1eb7c token API quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng khai.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng production:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.6;\">\n<li><strong>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e1 l\u1ed7i b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt (Unattended Upgrades):<\/strong> K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u00e1 an ninh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n Linux m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5:\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt install unattended-upgrades -y\r\nsudo dpkg-reconfigure --priority=low unattended-upgrades<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb chia s\u1ebb (Secure Shared Memory):<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 khai th\u00e1c m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1eafn c\u1edd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong <code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code>:\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">tmpfs \/run\/shm tmpfs defaults,noexec,nosuid 0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n SSH. M\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t user ri\u00eang c\u00f3 private key ri\u00eang v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i quy\u1ec1n ngay khi nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Backup \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp:<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n duy tr\u00ec b\u1ea3n sao l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c khi x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- H2 #9 --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section9\" style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-left: 5px solid #2563EB; padding-left: 15px; margin: 40px 0 20px; line-height: 1.4;\">9. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 600; margin: 25px 0 10px;\">S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 1: B\u1ecb m\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i SSH sau khi \u0111\u1ed5i Port ho\u1eb7c b\u1eadt UFW<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.6;\">\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> L\u1ec7nh SSH b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i <code>Connection refused<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>Connection timed out<\/code> sau khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 SSH\/Firewall.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i port trong <code>sshd_config<\/code> nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a m\u1edf port t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean UFW, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00ean c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh port khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong> \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trang qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, m\u1edf t\u00ednh n\u0103ng <strong>VNC Console<\/strong> (giao di\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p ngo\u00e0i m\u1ea1ng). \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y l\u1ec7nh m\u1edf l\u1ea1i port tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda:\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo ufw allow 2288\/tcp\r\nsudo ufw reload<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 600; margin: 25px 0 10px;\">S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 2: IP c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean b\u1ecb Fail2ban ch\u1eb7n nh\u1ea7m<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.6;\">\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> \u0110ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp l\u1ea1i SSH t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng Internet hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n:<\/strong> M\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i SSH \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadp sai m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u\/sai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn SSH key li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng <code>maxretry<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng 4G\/m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c truy c\u1eadp qua VNC Console, ch\u1ea1y l\u1ec7nh g\u1ee1 ch\u1eb7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo fail2ban-client set sshd unbanip DIA_CHI_IP_CUA_BAN<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 600; margin: 25px 0 10px;\">S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 3: L\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp tin SSH Key (Permissions are too open)<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.6;\">\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> Tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t SSH t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i private key v\u00e0 b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i: <code>Permissions 0777 for id_ed25519 are too open. It is required that your private key files are NOT accessible by others.<\/code><\/li>\n<li><strong>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n:<\/strong> Quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp t\u1ec7p ch\u1ee9a kh\u00f3a tr\u00ean m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean VPS b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong> Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1m v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7:Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (macOS\/Linux):\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chmod 600 ~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Tr\u00ean VPS:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chmod 700 ~\/.ssh\r\nchmod 600 ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- FAQ --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f8fafc; border: 1.5px solid #E2E8F0; border-radius: 12px; padding: 30px; margin: 40px 0;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 22px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0;\">C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Th\u01b0\u1eddng G\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 B\u1ea3o M\u1eadt VPS<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600; margin-top: 20px;\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: #334155; margin-bottom: 20px;\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c bao g\u1ed3m v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n root, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SSH Key, \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda UFW\/iptables v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng Fail2ban.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600; margin-top: 20px;\">C\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u1eaft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp root tr\u00ean VPS kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: #334155; margin-bottom: 20px;\">B\u1ea1n n\u00ean v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb xa c\u1ee7a user root qua giao th\u1ee9c SSH. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n sudo. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng qu\u00e9t t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ef1c thi l\u1ec7nh an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600; margin-top: 20px;\">SSH Key ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: #334155; margin-bottom: 20px;\">SSH Key s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai g\u1ed3m Private Key (l\u01b0u tr\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 Public Key (l\u01b0u tr\u00ean VPS). C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ebb kh\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c brute-force th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng qua internet.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600; margin-top: 20px;\">UFW l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 VPS Ubuntu?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: #334155; margin-bottom: 20px;\">UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) l\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng iptables c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux. UFW cho ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nhanh c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ch\u1eb7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u1ed5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600; margin-top: 20px;\">Fail2ban l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n brute-force?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: #334155; margin-bottom: 20px;\">Fail2ban l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 qu\u00e9t t\u1ec7p log h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp sai li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. Khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, Fail2ban t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- CONCLUSION --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border-top: 2px dashed #BFDBFE; margin-top: 50px; padding-top: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 22px; font-weight: bold;\">L\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tri\u1ec3n khai <strong>b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS<\/strong> \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp SSH, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t log h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n sudo, n\u1ea1p SSH Key \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t UFW v\u00e0 Fail2ban s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t qu\u00e9t m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u00e0 so\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ngay h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u0111a r\u1ee7i ro gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- DISCLAIMER --><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; color: #6b7280; margin-top: 30px; border-top: 1px solid #E5E7EB; padding-top: 15px;\"><em>N\u1ed9i dung mang t\u00ednh tham kh\u1ea3o. L\u1ec7nh, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn file v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00ean ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, sao l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean server production.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt VPS l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ngay khi kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c, botnet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng brute-force t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi nh\u1eadn b\u00e0n giao m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi t\u1eeb InterData ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o, server m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf c\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":43723,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[161],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-huong-dan-chung"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20001","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20001"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20001\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43726,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20001\/revisions\/43726"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20001"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20001"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20001"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}