{"id":19955,"date":"2024-10-22T15:03:31","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T08:03:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=19955"},"modified":"2026-03-11T17:03:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T10:03:08","slug":"file-htaccess-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"File .htaccess l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ednh n\u0103ng, c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o &#038; c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c website, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng trang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Apache, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &#8220;file .htaccess&#8221;. V\u1eady <strong>file .htaccess l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng g\u00ec, c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 file n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#File-htaccess-la-gi\" >File .htaccess l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#Cach-tim-vi-tri-cua-File-htaccess\" >C\u00e1ch t\u00ecm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a File .htaccess<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#Voi-Hosting-dung-cPanel\" >V\u1edbi Hosting d\u00f9ng cPanel<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#Voi-Hosting-dung-DirectAdmin\" >V\u1edbi Hosting d\u00f9ng DirectAdmin<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#Chuc-nang-cua-file-htaccess\" >Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a file .htaccess<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#Huong-dan-tao-file-htaccess-don-gian\" >H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea1o file .htaccess \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#1-Tao-bang-Notepad-Windows\" >1. T\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng Notepad (Windows)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#2-Tao-qua-File-Manager-trong-Hosting\" >2. T\u1ea1o qua File Manager trong Hosting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#3-Tao-tren-he-dieu-hanh-Linux\" >3. T\u1ea1o tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#Huong-dan-cau-hinh-file-htaccess-chuan-chi-tiet\" >H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh file .htaccess chu\u1ea9n, chi ti\u1ebft<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#1-Thay-doi-trang-bao-loi\" >1. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i trang b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#2-Chuyen-huong-URL\" >2. Chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng URL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#3-Cam-truy-cap-tu-dia-chi-IP\" >3. C\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#4-Bao-ve-thu-muc-bang-mat-khau\" >4. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#5-Tu-dong-them-www-vao-URL\" >5. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00eam www v\u00e0o URL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#6-Bat-buoc-su-dung-HTTPS\" >6. B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng HTTPS<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#Mot-so-luu-y-khi-su-dung-file-htaccess\" >M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng file .htaccess<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#Mot-so-cau-hoi-thuong-gap-ve-file-htaccess\" >M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 file .htaccess<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#Tai-sao-toi-khong-tim-thay-file-htaccess-trong-he-thong-tap-tin\" >T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y file .htaccess trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp tin?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/#Thu-muc-goc-tren-Hosting-khong-co-file-htaccess-thi-phai-lam-gi\" >Th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c g\u1ed1c tr\u00ean Hosting kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 file .htaccess th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"File-htaccess-la-gi\"><\/span>File .htaccess l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>File <strong>.htaccess<\/strong> <em>(Hypertext Access)<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng <strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web ch\u1ea1y Apache<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u1edbi file <strong>.htaccess<\/strong>, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng trang web, b\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c t\u1eaft c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a website.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19976\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/file-htaccess-la-gi.webp\" alt=\"file htaccess l\u00e0 g\u00ec\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/file-htaccess-la-gi.webp 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/file-htaccess-la-gi-300x197.webp 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/file-htaccess-la-gi-768x503.webp 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/file-htaccess-la-gi-750x491.webp 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a <strong>.htaccess<\/strong> l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn <strong>th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c con<\/strong>. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c. File n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn<\/strong> nh\u01b0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng tr\u00ean website.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd truy c\u1eadp<\/strong>: Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a trang web.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach-tim-vi-tri-cua-File-htaccess\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch t\u00ecm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a File .htaccess<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>File .htaccess th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a website, ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 <strong>public_html<\/strong>, <strong>www<\/strong>, v\u00e0 file <strong>robots.txt<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u00fap file .htaccess c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 trang web.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm file .htaccess, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n sau, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i host m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Voi-Hosting-dung-cPanel\"><\/span>V\u1edbi Hosting d\u00f9ng cPanel<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1edf <strong>File Manager<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c <strong>public_html<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ecm v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn file <strong>.htaccess<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Voi-Hosting-dung-DirectAdmin\"><\/span>V\u1edbi Hosting d\u00f9ng DirectAdmin<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy c\u1eadp <strong>File Manager<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ecdn th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c <strong>public_html<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ecm v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn file <strong>.htaccess<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y file <strong>.htaccess<\/strong>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 file n\u00e0y \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u1ea9n. H\u00e3y b\u1eadt ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c file \u1ea9n trong <strong>File Manager<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o website ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuc-nang-cua-file-htaccess\"><\/span>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a file .htaccess<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho WordPress<\/strong>: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 website lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean (Admin). D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 coder hay developer, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a file .htaccess \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho <strong>trang WordPress<\/strong> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi .htaccess gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp, v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19975\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/chuc-nang-cua-file-htaccess.webp\" alt=\"Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a file .htaccess\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/chuc-nang-cua-file-htaccess.webp 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/chuc-nang-cua-file-htaccess-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/chuc-nang-cua-file-htaccess-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/chuc-nang-cua-file-htaccess-750x500.webp 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/strong>: File <strong>.htaccess<\/strong> cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (request) \u0111\u1ebfn server m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng<\/strong>: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean (administrator) v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp (<strong>restrict access<\/strong>), x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (<strong>authenticator<\/strong>), v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n (<strong>authorization<\/strong>) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a <strong>Apache<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Hosting hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong>: Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 hosting c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung (CMS)<\/strong>: File <strong>.htaccess<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CMS nh\u01b0 WordPress, Joomla, ho\u1eb7c Drupal, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Huong-dan-tao-file-htaccess-don-gian\"><\/span>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea1o file .htaccess \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Tao-bang-Notepad-Windows\"><\/span>1. T\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng Notepad (Windows)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng <strong>Notepad<\/strong> tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Notepad l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 l\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2:<\/strong>\u00a0Ti\u1ebfp theo, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0u v\u00e0o file. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi WordPress, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\n# BEGIN WordPress\r\nRewriteEngine On\r\nRewriteBase \/\r\nRewriteRule ^index\\.php$ - [L]\r\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f\r\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d\r\nRewriteRule . \/index.php [L]\r\n\r\n# END WordPress<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0110o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i URL cho trang web WordPress c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp n\u1ed9i dung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3:<\/strong>\u00a0Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp xong n\u1ed9i dung, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn menu\u00a0<code>File<\/code>\u00a0\u1edf g\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, r\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5n v\u00e0o t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn\u00a0<code>Save As<\/code>. Khi h\u1ed9p tho\u1ea1i l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho file l\u00e0\u00a0<code>.htaccess<\/code>. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a file ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<p>Trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn\u00a0<code>All Files<\/code>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng file \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u00eam b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat\u00a0<code>OK<\/code>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u file.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u01b0u file\u00a0<code>.htaccess<\/code>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 cho website c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng WordPress. H\u00e3y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u1ed9i dung trong file tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trang web.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-Tao-qua-File-Manager-trong-Hosting\"><\/span>2. T\u1ea1o qua File Manager trong Hosting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n Hosting c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t trang web qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hosting m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2:<\/strong>\u00a0Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 m\u1edf File Manager. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin v\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o trong File Manager, h\u00e3y nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed1ng trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c g\u1ed1c, n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a website (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c\u00a0<code>public_html<\/code>). T\u1eeb menu hi\u1ec7n ra, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn\u00a0<code>New File<\/code>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p tin m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3:<\/strong>\u00a0Ti\u1ebfp theo, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p tho\u1ea1i s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadp t\u00ean cho t\u1ec7p tin m\u1edbi. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y nh\u1eadp t\u00ean l\u00e0\u00a0<code>.htaccess<\/code>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp t\u00ean xong, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat\u00a0<code>Create<\/code>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o t\u1ec7p tin n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cho website c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-Tao-tren-he-dieu-hanh-Linux\"><\/span>3. T\u1ea1o tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y m\u1edf c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 terminal. Terminal l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2:<\/strong>\u00a0Ti\u1ebfp theo, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t file m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0\u00a0<code>.htaccess<\/code>, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh sau trong terminal:<\/p>\n<pre><code>touch .htaccess<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>L\u1ec7nh\u00a0<code>touch<\/code>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t file m\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u1eddi gian s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a file n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. File\u00a0<code>.htaccess<\/code>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp, chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng URL v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a website.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3:<\/strong>\u00a0N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n sao ch\u00e9p file n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Windows c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e9n file tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9n file s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea3i file n\u00e9n v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Windows, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i n\u00e9n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng file\u00a0<code>.htaccess<\/code> tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c file c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ec7p .htaccess th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a website, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u1ec7p index ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a trang web \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a server Apache. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ec7p n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p \u1ea9n trong tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ec7p (File Manager) c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 hosting m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00ec t\u1ec7p .htaccess th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p \u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>Khi b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda t\u1ec7p .htaccess, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 n\u00e0o n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai d\u00f2ng `BEGIN` v\u00e0 #END, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a website n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean th\u00eam m\u00e3 m\u1edbi \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i cho trang web. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a website c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Huong-dan-cau-hinh-file-htaccess-chuan-chi-tiet\"><\/span>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh file .htaccess chu\u1ea9n, chi ti\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Thay-doi-trang-bao-loi\"><\/span>1. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i trang b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c trang b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean website c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb\u00a0<code>ErrorDocument<\/code>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c trang HTML c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<pre><code>ErrorDocument 404 \/404.html\r\nErrorDocument 500 \/500.html<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 tr\u00ean,\u00a0<code>\/404.html<\/code>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn trang m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb khi x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i 404, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trang kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean website c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1,\u00a0<code>\/500.html<\/code>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn trang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb khi c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (l\u1ed7i 500), th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi server ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a website.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19977\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/loi-404.webp\" alt=\"l\u1ed7i 404\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/loi-404.webp 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/loi-404-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/loi-404-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/loi-404-750x422.webp 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c trang b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n cho h\u1ecd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn quay l\u1ea1i trang ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n h\u1ecd l\u00e2u h\u01a1n tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-Chuyen-huong-URL\"><\/span>2. Chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng URL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 URL c\u0169 sang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 URL m\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb\u00a0<code>Redirect<\/code>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u00ean website, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9m khi h\u1ecd truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng trang \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<pre><code>Redirect 301 \/oldpage.html http:\/\/www.example.com\/newpage.html<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n (m\u00e3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i 301) t\u1eeb trang\u00a0<code>oldpage.html<\/code>\u00a0sang trang\u00a0<code>newpage.html<\/code>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o\u00a0<code>oldpage.html<\/code>, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0<code>newpage.html<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i 301 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i dung m\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng trang c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng trang m\u1edbi. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a trang m\u1edbi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp do c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-Cam-truy-cap-tu-dia-chi-IP\"><\/span>3. C\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o trang web c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 v\u00e0o file .htaccess c\u1ee7a website. File .htaccess l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web Apache, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a website, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 sau v\u00e0o file .htaccess:<\/p>\n<pre><code>deny from 192.168.1.123<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3, &#8220;192.168.1.123&#8221; l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eb7n. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o trang web c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19974\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cam-truy-cap-dia-chi-ip.webp\" alt=\"C\u1ea5m truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cam-truy-cap-dia-chi-ip.webp 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cam-truy-cap-dia-chi-ip-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cam-truy-cap-dia-chi-ip-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cam-truy-cap-dia-chi-ip-750x422.webp 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eb7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 tr\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<pre><code>deny from 192.168.1.124\r\ndeny from 192.168.1.125<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o website c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trang web kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng truy c\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng file .htaccess \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho website c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-Bao-ve-thu-muc-bang-mat-khau\"><\/span>4. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c khi h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<pre><code>AuthType Basic\r\nAuthName \"Khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf\"\r\nAuthUserFile \/path\/to\/.htpasswd\r\nRequire valid-user<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 n\u00e0y,\u00a0<code>AuthType Basic<\/code>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp t\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfp theo,\u00a0<code>AuthName \"Khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf\"<\/code>\u00a0l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong h\u1ed9p tho\u1ea1i x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n\u00a0<code>AuthUserFile \/path\/to\/.htpasswd<\/code>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec7p\u00a0<code>.htpasswd<\/code>, n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf\u00a0<code>\/path\/to\/.htpasswd<\/code>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec7p n\u00e0y tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh\u00a0<code>Require valid-user<\/code>\u00a0y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-Tu-dong-them-www-vao-URL\"><\/span>5. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00eam www v\u00e0o URL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 &#8220;www&#8221; v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c URL tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 &#8220;www&#8221; sang phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 &#8220;www&#8221;, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng lu\u00f4n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<pre><code>RewriteEngine On\r\nRewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\\.example\\.com [NC]\r\nRewriteRule ^(.*)$ http:\/\/www.example.com\/$1 [L,R=301]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li><strong><code>RewriteEngine On<\/code><\/strong>: D\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng Rewrite trong Apache, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/li>\n<li><strong><code>RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www.example.com [NC]<\/code><\/strong>: D\u00f2ng n\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng &#8220;www.example.com&#8221;, th\u00ec quy t\u1eafc ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.\u00a0<code>[NC]<\/code>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1eef hoa ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong><code>RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http:\/\/www.example.com\/$1 [L,R=301]<\/code><\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn URL c\u00f3 &#8220;www&#8221;.\u00a0<code>$1<\/code>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a URL m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp, v\u00e0\u00a0<code>[L,R=301]<\/code>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n (301) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19978\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Tu-dong-them-www-vao-URL.webp\" alt=\"T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00eam www v\u00e0o URL\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Tu-dong-them-www-vao-URL.webp 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Tu-dong-them-www-vao-URL-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Tu-dong-them-www-vao-URL-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Tu-dong-them-www-vao-URL-750x422.webp 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 SEO cho trang web c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n URL c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 &#8220;www&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-Bat-buoc-su-dung-HTTPS\"><\/span>6. B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng HTTPS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o trang web c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng qua giao th\u1ee9c HTTPS, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 sau \u0111\u00e2y. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec HTTPS cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1ed5 sung cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web:<\/p>\n<pre><code>RewriteEngine On\r\nRewriteCond %{HTTPS} off\r\nRewriteRule ^(.*)$ https:\/\/%{HTTP_HOST}\/$1 [L,R=301]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 n\u00e0y,\u00a0<code>RewriteEngine On<\/code>\u00a0s\u1ebd k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i URL. Ti\u1ebfp theo, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\u00a0<code>RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off<\/code>\u00a0ki\u1ec3m tra xem k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n (HTTP) hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec quy t\u1eafc\u00a0<code>RewriteRule<\/code>\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n HTTPS c\u1ee7a trang web.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3,\u00a0<code>^(.*)$<\/code>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy c\u1eadp, v\u00e0\u00a0<code>https:\/\/%{HTTP_HOST}\/$1<\/code>\u00a0s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra URL m\u1edbi v\u1edbi giao th\u1ee9c HTTPS, n\u01a1i\u00a0<code>%{HTTP_HOST}<\/code>\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0\u00a0<code>$1<\/code>\u00a0l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng,\u00a0<code>[L,R=301]<\/code>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n (301), gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n SEO v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm r\u1eb1ng URL \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mot-so-luu-y-khi-su-dung-file-htaccess\"><\/span>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng file .htaccess<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng file <strong>.htaccess<\/strong>, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o website ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00eam m\u00e3<\/strong>: File <strong>.htaccess<\/strong> ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh <strong>RewriteEngine On<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00eam b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 m\u1edbi n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ph\u00edm <strong>Ctrl + F<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm xem d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong file hay ch\u01b0a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt file .htaccess<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t file r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a website, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho website c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n sao l\u01b0u (backup)<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean sao l\u01b0u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a file <strong>.htaccess<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t x\u1ea3y ra. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh sai <strong>.htaccess<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 website kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c backup l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mot-so-cau-hoi-thuong-gap-ve-file-htaccess\"><\/span>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 file .htaccess<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai-sao-toi-khong-tim-thay-file-htaccess-trong-he-thong-tap-tin\"><\/span>T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y file .htaccess trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp tin?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a hosting, c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m (.) nh\u01b0 <strong>.htaccess<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ec7p \u1ea9n v\u00ec l\u00fd do b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb file <strong>.htaccess<\/strong>, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00e0o <strong>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t (Settings)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00edch ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee5c <strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ec7p tin \u1ea9n (dotfiles)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1ea5n <strong>L\u01b0u (Save)<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thu-muc-goc-tren-Hosting-khong-co-file-htaccess-thi-phai-lam-gi\"><\/span>Th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c g\u1ed1c tr\u00ean Hosting kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 file .htaccess th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y file <strong>.htaccess<\/strong>, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi. C\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n <strong>T\u1ec7p (File)<\/strong> trong tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ecdn <strong>T\u1ea1o t\u1ec7p m\u1edbi (Create new file)<\/strong> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean file l\u00e0 <strong>.htaccess<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1ea5n <strong>T\u1ea1o (Create)<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd<\/strong>: B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o file <strong>.htaccess<\/strong> tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea3i l\u00ean th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a website (ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi file <strong>robots.txt<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">File <strong>.htaccess<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a website tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Apache. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng URL, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a SEO, file n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1edbn cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean web. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c website, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng trang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Apache, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &#8220;file .htaccess&#8221;. V\u1eady file .htaccess l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng g\u00ec, c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40072,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hosting"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19955"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19955\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40073,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19955\/revisions\/40073"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}