{"id":18360,"date":"2025-10-12T10:26:35","date_gmt":"2025-10-12T03:26:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=18360"},"modified":"2025-10-15T13:45:52","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T06:45:52","slug":"acl-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Access Control List (ACL) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u1ee3i \u00edch, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i &#038; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 A-Z"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 an ninh m\u1ea1ng, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Access Control List (ACL). B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 <strong>Access Control List\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>, c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ACL v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ACL l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#ACL-la-gi\" >ACL l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#He-thong-ACL-duoc-phan-loai-nhu-the-nao\" >H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#He-thong-ACL-tap-trung\" >H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL t\u1eadp trung<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#He-thong-ACL-phan-tan\" >H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Tai-sao-Access-Control-List-lai-quan-trong\" >T\u1ea1i sao Access Control List l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Tang-cuong-bao-mat\" >T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Quan-ly-quyen-truy-cap-hieu-qua\" >Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Giam-thieu-rui-ro\" >Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Linh-hoat-va-tuy-chinh\" >Linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Kiem-soat-luu-luong-mang\" >Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Tinh-kha-dung-cao\" >T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng cao<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-ACL\" >Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ACL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Cac-thanh-phan-trong-ACL-la-gi\" >C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong ACL l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Phan-loai-ACL-Standard-Extended-Named-va-Numbered\" >Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ACL: Standard, Extended, Named v\u00e0 Numbered<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#1-ACL-tieu-chuan-Standard-ACL\" >1. ACL ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (Standard ACL)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#2-ACL-mo-rong-ACL-Extended\" >2. ACL m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (ACL Extended)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#3-ACL-dong-Dynamic-ACL\" >3. ACL \u0111\u1ed9ng (Dynamic ACL)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#4-ACL-phan-xa-Reflexive-ACL\" >4. ACL ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 (Reflexive ACL)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#ACL-co-the-duoc-dat-o-dau\" >ACL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Tren-Router\" >Tr\u00ean Router<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Tren-Switch\" >Tr\u00ean Switch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Trong-DMZ-Demilitarized-Zone\" >Trong DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Tren-may-chu\" >Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Trong-he-dieu-hanh\" >Trong h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Vi-du-cu-the-ACL-co-the-ap-dung\" >V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ACL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#So-sanh-ACL-voi-Firewall-RBAC-va-Security-Group\" >So s\u00e1nh ACL v\u1edbi Firewall, RBAC v\u00e0 Security Group<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#1-ACL-vs-Firewall\" >1. ACL vs Firewall<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#2-ACL-vs-RBAC-Role-Based-Access-Control\" >2. ACL vs RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#3-ACL-va-Security-Group-tren-Cloud-%E2%80%93-AWS-Azure-GCP\" >3. ACL v\u00e0 Security Group (tr\u00ean Cloud &#8211; AWS, Azure, GCP)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#Ung-dung-cua-ACL-trong-thuc-te-va-Cloud-AWS-Azure-GCP\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ACL trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 Cloud (AWS, Azure, GCP)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#1-Ung-dung-trong-Mang-noi-bo-va-Doanh-nghiep\" >1. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong M\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/acl-la-gi\/#2-Ung-dung-trong-moi-truong-Cloud-AWS-Azure-GCP\" >2. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cloud (AWS, Azure, GCP)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ACL-la-gi\"><\/span>ACL l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Access Control List (ACL)<\/strong>, hay danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng. ACL ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng&#8221; th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 router, switch ho\u1eb7c firewall, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3i tin n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111i qua v\u00e0 g\u00f3i tin n\u00e0o s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ACL l\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed7i quy t\u1eafc trong ACL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Access Control Entry (ACE). M\u1ed7i ACE n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (cho ph\u00e9p &#8211; permit ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i &#8211; deny) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00edch, giao th\u1ee9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: TCP, UDP, ICMP) ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng (port).<\/p>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i tin \u0111i qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ACL, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ACE theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>Ngay khi g\u00f3i tin kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ACE, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18378\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18378\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18378 size-jnews-1140x570\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Access-Control-List-la-gi-800x570.jpg\" alt=\"Access Control List l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\" width=\"800\" height=\"570\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Access-Control-List-la-gi-800x570.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Access-Control-List-la-gi-120x86.jpg 120w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Access-Control-List-la-gi-350x250.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18378\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Access Control List l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"He-thong-ACL-duoc-phan-loai-nhu-the-nao\"><\/span>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>ACL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, ACL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"He-thong-ACL-tap-trung\"><\/span>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL t\u1eadp trung<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp\u00a0 cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18380\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18380\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18380\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/He-thong-ACL-duoc-phan-loai-nhu-the-nao.webp\" alt=\"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/He-thong-ACL-duoc-phan-loai-nhu-the-nao.webp 600w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/He-thong-ACL-duoc-phan-loai-nhu-the-nao-300x200.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18380\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"He-thong-ACL-phan-tan\"><\/span>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/vietnam-dedicated-server\"><strong>m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ri\u00eang<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0trong m\u1ea1ng. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1eeb ph\u00eda qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 n\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1ec7p tin, th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c, \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai-sao-Access-Control-List-lai-quan-trong\"><\/span>T\u1ea1i sao Access Control List l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ACL mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tang-cuong-bao-mat\"><\/span>T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ACL gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap <strong>ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p<\/strong> v\u00e0<strong> gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro an ninh m\u1ea1ng<\/strong>. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ACL, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18383\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18383\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18383\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ACL-giup-tang-cuong-bao-mat.png\" alt=\"ACL gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ACL-giup-tang-cuong-bao-mat.png 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ACL-giup-tang-cuong-bao-mat-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ACL-giup-tang-cuong-bao-mat-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ACL-giup-tang-cuong-bao-mat-750x469.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18383\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">ACL gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quan-ly-quyen-truy-cap-hieu-qua\"><\/span>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0o v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giam-thieu-rui-ro\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp, ACL gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Linh-hoat-va-tuy-chinh\"><\/span>Linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ACL cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ACL \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kiem-soat-luu-luong-mang\"><\/span>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ACL c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18384\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18384\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18384\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ACL-giup-kiem-soat-luu-luong-mang.webp\" alt=\"ACL gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng\" width=\"600\" height=\"473\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ACL-giup-kiem-soat-luu-luong-mang.webp 600w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/ACL-giup-kiem-soat-luu-luong-mang-300x237.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18384\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">ACL gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh-kha-dung-cao\"><\/span>T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng cao<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ACL gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n. Khi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ACL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-cua-ACL\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ACL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Access Control List (ACL) di\u1ec5n ra theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong m\u1ea1ng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy c\u1eadp n\u00e0y v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong ACL t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mu\u1ed1n truy c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18386\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18386\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18386\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cach-ACL-hoat-dong.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1ch ACL ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cach-ACL-hoat-dong.png 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cach-ACL-hoat-dong-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cach-ACL-hoat-dong-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cach-ACL-hoat-dong-750x469.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18386\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1ch ACL ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>N\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu quy t\u1eafc cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu quy t\u1eafc t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0o, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp. Sau khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u truy c\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-thanh-phan-trong-ACL-la-gi\"><\/span>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong ACL l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ACL l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh ACE (Access Control Entries). M\u1ed9t ACL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ACE, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ACE \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c truy c\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 truy c\u1eadp n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>Khi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh ACL, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ACL, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 1-99 v\u00e0 1300-1999.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ean ACL<\/strong>: B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh ACL b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng s\u1ed1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 <a href=\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%E1%BB%99_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_tuy%E1%BA%BFn\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn<\/a> cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 ch\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ghi ch\u00fa (Remark)<\/strong>: Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho ACL, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 h\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ghi ch\u00fa n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong 100 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18387\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18387\" style=\"width: 628px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18387\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cac-thanh-phan-trong-ACL-la-gi.webp\" alt=\"C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong ACL l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\" width=\"628\" height=\"353\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cac-thanh-phan-trong-ACL-la-gi.webp 628w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cac-thanh-phan-trong-ACL-la-gi-300x169.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18387\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong ACL l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh (Statement)<\/strong>: Cho ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n (wildcard mask). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Cisco, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i ACL \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng<\/strong>: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem ACL c\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 IP, IPX, <a href=\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol#:~:text=Internet%20Control%20Message%20Protocol%20(vi%E1%BA%BFt,c%C3%B3%20t%E1%BB%93n%20t%E1%BA%A1i%20hay%20kh%C3%B4ng.\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ICMP<\/a>, TCP, UDP, NetBIOS,&#8230; hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch<\/strong>: Ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 n\u01a1i g\u1eedi \u0111i v\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 (CIDR), ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd (Log)<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p khi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i tin ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy t\u1eafc ACL. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ACL \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i g\u00f3i tin, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00f3i tin li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c<\/strong>: ACL n\u00e2ng cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (ToS), giao th\u1ee9c IP, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 DSCP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan-loai-ACL-Standard-Extended-Named-va-Numbered\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ACL: Standard, Extended, Named v\u00e0 Numbered<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i ACL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m ACL ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ACL m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ACL \u0111\u1ed9ng, ACL ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, v\u00e0 ACL d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-ACL-tieu-chuan-Standard-ACL\"><\/span>1. ACL ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (Standard ACL)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Standard ACL<\/strong> l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i <strong>ACL<\/strong> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc traffic d\u1ef1a duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean <strong>\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ngu\u1ed3n (Source IP Address)<\/strong> c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i tin. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng con c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (nh\u01b0 HTTP, FTP, email) ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng (port).<\/li>\n<li>Khi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i tin b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n b\u1edfi <strong>Standard ACL<\/strong>, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00f3 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy c\u1eadp d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 g\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u1ea3i s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh (Numbered ACL):<\/strong> Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Cisco, Standard ACL th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong d\u1ea3i <strong>1 \u0111\u1ebfn 99<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c <strong>1300 \u0111\u1ebfn 1999<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<\/strong> N\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t <strong>Standard ACL<\/strong> c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n <strong>\u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn (destination)<\/strong> c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u traffic kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1eb7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1ch (Guest Network) v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (Internal Network) c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, do h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ACL ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn Cisco th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-ACL-mo-rong-ACL-Extended\"><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-18363\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cau-hinh-ACL-tieu-chuan.png\" alt=\"C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ACL ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n\" width=\"448\" height=\"66\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cau-hinh-ACL-tieu-chuan.png 448w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cau-hinh-ACL-tieu-chuan-300x44.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" \/>2. ACL m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (ACL Extended)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Extended ACL<\/strong> l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i <strong>ACL<\/strong> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi Standard ACL. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p l\u1ecdc traffic d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau ch\u00ed chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp tinh vi.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra <strong>\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ngu\u1ed3n<\/strong>, <strong>\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00edch<\/strong>, <strong>lo\u1ea1i giao th\u1ee9c<\/strong> (TCP, UDP, ICMP, IP), v\u00e0 <strong>s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng (port)<\/strong> ngu\u1ed3n\/\u0111\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u1ea3i s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh (Numbered ACL):<\/strong> Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Cisco, Extended ACL th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong d\u1ea3i <strong>100 \u0111\u1ebfn 199<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c <strong>2000 \u0111\u1ebfn 2699<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<\/strong> N\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t <strong>Extended ACL<\/strong> c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n <strong>ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t (source)<\/strong> c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. V\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7n traffic kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n ngay t\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ea1ng A truy c\u1eadp m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web (HTTP\/HTTPS) trong m\u1ea1ng B, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb7n m\u1ecdi truy c\u1eadp FTP ho\u1eb7c Telnet t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng A \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng B.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ACL m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn Cisco cho giao th\u1ee9c TCP:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18366\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18366\" style=\"width: 512px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18366\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cau-hinh-cua-ACL-mo-rong.png\" alt=\"C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ACL m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng\" width=\"512\" height=\"146\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cau-hinh-cua-ACL-mo-rong.png 512w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cau-hinh-cua-ACL-mo-rong-300x86.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18366\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ACL m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-ACL-dong-Dynamic-ACL\"><\/span>3. ACL \u0111\u1ed9ng (Dynamic ACL)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ACL \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ACL m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Telnet v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. Lo\u1ea1i ACL n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cLock and Key\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>Danh s\u00e1ch ACL \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c qua Telnet v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ACL \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn Cisco:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-18365\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cach-cau-hinh-ACL-dong.png\" alt=\"C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ACL \u0111\u1ed9ng\" width=\"512\" height=\"192\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cach-cau-hinh-ACL-dong.png 512w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cach-cau-hinh-ACL-dong-300x113.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-ACL-phan-xa-Reflexive-ACL\"><\/span>4. ACL ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 (Reflexive ACL)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ACL ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ACL phi\u00ean IP, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>Lo\u1ea1i ACL n\u00e0y <strong>ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i theo c\u00e1c phi\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong> b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Khi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u1edfi ACL, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ACL t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi cho l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. Khi phi\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft th\u00fac, quy t\u1eafc ACE \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb x\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ACL ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn Cisco:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18367\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cau-hinh-ACL-phan-xa.png\" alt=\"C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ACL ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1\" width=\"478\" height=\"195\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cau-hinh-ACL-phan-xa.png 478w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Cau-hinh-ACL-phan-xa-300x122.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ACL-co-the-duoc-dat-o-dau\"><\/span>ACL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sau khi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ACL l\u00e0 g\u00ec nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft ACL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? \u0110\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ACL nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n<p>Access Control List c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 ACL th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tren-Router\"><\/span>Tr\u00ean Router<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a Router<\/strong>: ACL th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a router \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea1ng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 gi\u1eefa m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Internet.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Edge Router<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ACL nh\u1eb1m l\u1ecdc l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb Internet v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Edge router c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tren-Switch\"><\/span>Tr\u00ean Switch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>C\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a Switch<\/strong>: T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 router, ACL c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a switch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trong-DMZ-Demilitarized-Zone\"><\/span>Trong DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>DMZ<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa Internet c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 web server ho\u1eb7c mail server. ACL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong DMZ \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tren-may-chu\"><\/span>Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/strong>: ACL c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 t\u1ec7p tin, th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trong-he-dieu-hanh\"><\/span>Trong h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/strong>: C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 Windows v\u00e0 Linux c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ACL \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin v\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecdc, ghi ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi-du-cu-the-ACL-co-the-ap-dung\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ACL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 k\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m:<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ACL<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ACL \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o quy t\u1eafc cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c IP t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/strong>: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c truy c\u1eadp b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 ba b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn: ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 kinh doanh. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ACL<\/strong>: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ACL \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 code, trong khi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So-sanh-ACL-voi-Firewall-RBAC-va-Security-Group\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh ACL v\u1edbi Firewall, RBAC v\u00e0 Security Group<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <strong>Access Control List (ACL)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a <strong>ACL<\/strong>, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Firewall, RBAC v\u00e0 Security Group.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-ACL-vs-Firewall\"><\/span>1. ACL vs Firewall<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa <strong>ACL<\/strong> v\u00e0 Firewall th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, <strong>ACL<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng &#8220;t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda&#8221; \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Access Control List (ACL):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn (router) ho\u1eb7c switch Layer 3.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc g\u00f3i tin \u1edf Layer 3 v\u00e0 Layer 4 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh OSI (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean IP ngu\u1ed3n\/\u0111\u00edch, port, giao th\u1ee9c).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 stateless:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1edb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p g\u00f3i tin tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111i v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 l\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Firewall (T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ecdc g\u00f3i tin \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 <strong>stateful inspection<\/strong>: Ghi nh\u1edb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong ra ngo\u00e0i, firewall s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ph\u00e9p g\u00f3i tin tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quy t\u1eafc ri\u00eang.<\/li>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp (IDS\/IPS), l\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (Application Layer Filtering), VPN, Anti-virus\/Malware.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/strong> <strong>ACL<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1ecdc g\u00f3i tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, trong khi Firewall l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-ACL-vs-RBAC-Role-Based-Access-Control\"><\/span>2. ACL vs RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>RBAC l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n so v\u1edbi <strong>ACL<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Access Control List (ACL):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng (network level), d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i tin (IP, port, protocol).<\/li>\n<li>Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3i tin n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Role-Based Access Control (RBAC):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (system\/application level).<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (file, th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 (role) c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: vai tr\u00f2 &#8220;K\u1ebf to\u00e1n&#8221; c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, vai tr\u00f2 &#8220;Marketing&#8221; c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda website.<\/li>\n<li>Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n (authentication &amp; authorization).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/strong> <strong>ACL<\/strong> b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00f2n RBAC b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. Ch\u00fang b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf nhau.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-ACL-va-Security-Group-tren-Cloud-%E2%80%93-AWS-Azure-GCP\"><\/span>3. ACL v\u00e0 Security Group (tr\u00ean Cloud &#8211; AWS, Azure, GCP)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 <strong>ACL<\/strong> v\u00e0 Firewall \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng Network <strong>ACL<\/strong> (NACL) v\u00e0 Security Group.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Network ACL (NACL) tr\u00ean AWS, Azure, GCP firewall rule:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng con (subnet level).<\/li>\n<li>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 <strong>Standard ACL<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c <strong>Extended ACL<\/strong> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u00e0 stateless:<\/strong> C\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o quy t\u1eafc ri\u00eang cho c\u1ea3 traffic Ingress (v\u00e0o) v\u00e0 Egress (ra).<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (m\u00e1y \u1ea3o, database) trong m\u1ed9t subnet c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Security Group tr\u00ean AWS, Azure NSG (Network Security Group):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u1ea3o (instance level).<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u00e0 stateful:<\/strong> T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ph\u00e9p traffic ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i (reply traffic) n\u1ebfu traffic kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp SSH v\u00e0o m\u00e1y \u1ea3o, Security Group s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e1y \u1ea3o g\u1eedi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i SSH.<\/li>\n<li>Linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n v\u00ec \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho t\u1eebng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/strong> Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cloud, <strong>Network ACL AWS<\/strong> (hay Azure NSG, GCP Firewall Rule) v\u00e0 Security Group c\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. <strong>NACL<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p l\u1edbp l\u1ecdc traffic th\u00f4 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 subnet, trong khi Security Group cung c\u1ea5p l\u1edbp l\u1ecdc chi ti\u1ebft, stateful \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eebng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung-dung-cua-ACL-trong-thuc-te-va-Cloud-AWS-Azure-GCP\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ACL trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 Cloud (AWS, Azure, GCP)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Access Control List (ACL)<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 doanh nghi\u1ec7p cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a <strong>ACL<\/strong> trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Ung-dung-trong-Mang-noi-bo-va-Doanh-nghiep\"><\/span>1. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong M\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Doanh nghi\u1ec7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, <strong>ACL<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ng:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1ch (Guest Network) v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp Internet, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (nh\u01b0 HTTP, DNS) \u0111i qua.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban, ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng K\u1ebf to\u00e1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, trong khi ch\u1eb7n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng Marketing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb xa:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng (router, switch) th\u00f4ng qua SSH ho\u1eb7c Telnet t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1eb7n m\u1ecdi truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng (QoS):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh, <strong>ACL<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch QoS (Quality of Service) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u01b0u ti\u00ean ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i traffic c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u01b0u ti\u00ean traffic tho\u1ea1i (VoIP) v\u00e0 video so v\u1edbi traffic duy\u1ec7t web th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DoS\/DDoS c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi g\u1eedi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i tin ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i g\u00f3i tin b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (Denial of Service) \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-Ung-dung-trong-moi-truong-Cloud-AWS-Azure-GCP\"><\/span>2. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cloud (AWS, Azure, GCP)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure v\u00e0 Google Cloud Platform (GCP) c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 <strong>ACL<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng \u1ea3o, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>AWS (Amazon Web Services):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Network ACL (NACL) AWS:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (stateless) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 subnet trong VPC (Virtual Private Cloud). NACL ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u subnet. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda cho subnet, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 inbound v\u00e0 outbound rules \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Security Group:<\/strong> Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 instance (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u00e1y \u1ea3o EC2) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 stateful. Security Group ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng instance, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ph\u00e9p traffic tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1ebfu traffic ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong VPC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Azure:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Network Security Group (NSG) Azure:<\/strong> T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Security Group c\u1ee7a AWS, NSG ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng (NIC) ho\u1eb7c subnet c\u1ee7a Virtual Network (VNet). NSG l\u00e0 stateful, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc traffic \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean Azure.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Azure Firewall:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (stateful firewall-as-a-service) h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean IP ngu\u1ed3n\/\u0111\u00edch, c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng cao kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>GCP (Google Cloud Platform):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>GCP Firewall Rules:<\/strong> Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 VPC network v\u00e0 l\u00e0 stateful. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o trong VPC, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean IP, c\u1ed5ng, giao th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tag m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean server v\u1eadt l\u00fd hay tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. InterData cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-hosting\/\">Hosting t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/a><\/strong>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-vps\/\">Cloud VPS c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh<\/a><\/strong> linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/cloud-server\/\">Cloud Server m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/a><\/strong>, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ACL tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u00e3y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ngay c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n<p>Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cloud, <strong>ACL<\/strong> (d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng NACL, NSG, Firewall Rules) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p>Qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/\">InterData<\/a> <\/strong>hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 <strong>Access Control List (ACL) l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>, t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i <strong>ACL<\/strong> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong m\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ACL<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc; <strong>Access Control List (ACL)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a an ninh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tri\u1ec3n khai ACL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng. H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ACL \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ngay h\u00f4m nay!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 an ninh m\u1ea1ng, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Access Control List (ACL). B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":19658,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18360"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18360\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34605,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18360\/revisions\/34605"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18360"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}