{"id":16792,"date":"2025-04-29T14:42:32","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T07:42:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=16792"},"modified":"2025-04-29T14:45:48","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T07:45:48","slug":"ftp-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"FTP l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng &#038; so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi SFTP\/FTPS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a file l\u00ean <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/website-la-gi\/\">website<\/a> hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb xa? R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u1ebfn <strong>FTP<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean Internet su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch <strong>FTP l\u00e0 g\u00ec (File Transfer Protocol)<\/strong>, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ti\u1ebft, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/sftp-la-gi\/\">SFTP<\/a> v\u00e0 FTPS, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#FTP-la-gi\" >FTP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#FTP-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\" >FTP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Mo-hinh-Client-Server-trong-FTP\" >M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Client-Server trong FTP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Cac-kenh-ket-noi-Control-va-Data-Connection\" >C\u00e1c k\u00eanh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i: Control v\u00e0 Data Connection<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Cac-che-do-ket-noi-Active-Mode-va-Passive-Mode\" >C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i: Active Mode v\u00e0 Passive Mode<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Cac-ung-dung-pho-bien-cua-FTP\" >C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a FTP<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Upload-va-Download-file-len-Web-Hosting\" >Upload v\u00e0 Download file l\u00ean Web Hosting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Sao-luu-Backup-va-Phuc-hoi-Restore-du-lieu-Website\" >Sao l\u01b0u (Backup) v\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i (Restore) d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Website<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Chia-se-tep-tin-dung-luong-lon\" >Chia s\u1ebb t\u1ec7p tin dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#FTP-Client-la-gi-Cac-phan-mem-FTP-pho-bien\" >FTP Client l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m FTP ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Vai-tro-cua-FTP-Client\" >Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a FTP Client<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Gioi-thieu-cac-FTP-Client-thong-dung-FileZilla-WinSCP-Cyberduck\" >Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c FTP Client th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng (FileZilla, WinSCP, Cyberduck)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Van-de-bao-mat-cua-FTP-va-cac-giai-phap-thay-the\" >V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a FTP v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Tai-sao-FTP-truyen-thong-khong-an-toan\" >T\u1ea1i sao FTP truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#SFTP-la-gi-SSH-File-Transfer-Protocol\" >SFTP l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (SSH File Transfer Protocol)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#FTPS-la-gi-FTP-Secure-hoac-FTP-over-SSLTLS\" >FTPS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (FTP Secure ho\u1eb7c FTP over SSL\/TLS)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Khi-nao-nen-dung-FTP-SFTP-hay-FTPS\" >Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng FTP, SFTP hay FTPS?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Lam-the-nao-de-ket-noi-FTP\" >L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i FTP?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Cac-thong-tin-can-thiet-Host-Username-Password-Port\" >C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (Host, Username, Password, Port)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Lay-thong-tin-tai-khoan-FTP-o-dau\" >L\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n FTP \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Cac-buoc-ket-noi-co-ban-bang-FTP-Client-Vi-du-FileZilla\" >C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng FTP Client (V\u00ed d\u1ee5 FileZilla)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/#Tong-ket-Nhung-diem-chinh-can-nho-ve-FTP\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 FTP<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FTP-la-gi\"><\/span>FTP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ftp-la-gi\/\"><strong>FTP (File Transfer Protocol)<\/strong><\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <strong>giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng<\/strong> ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p tin<\/strong> (files) gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ng <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi\/\">TCP\/IP<\/a><\/strong> (Transmission Control Protocol\/Internet Protocol). N\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, FTP \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n&#8221; k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n g\u1eedi file l\u00ean m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/may-chu-server-la-gi\/\">m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/a> (upload) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea3i file v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (download) qua m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp.jpg\" alt=\"file transfer protocol (ftp)\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27715\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp.jpg 750w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac <strong>client-server<\/strong>. Trong \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 <strong>m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch (client)<\/strong>. M\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 <strong>m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (server)<\/strong> t\u1eeb xa &#8211; n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 FTP lu\u00f4n &#8220;l\u1eafng nghe&#8221; c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung, h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng FTP gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin tr\u00ean Internet. <strong>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 FTP<\/strong> (FTP Server) gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;b\u01b0u c\u1ee5c&#8221; l\u1edbn, ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u &#8220;b\u01b0u ki\u1ec7n&#8221; (l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin). C\u00f2n <strong>ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m FTP client<\/strong> c\u00e0i tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u &#8220;g\u1eedi&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;nh\u1eadn&#8221; c\u00e1c &#8220;b\u01b0u ki\u1ec7n&#8221; n\u00e0y t\u1eeb &#8220;b\u01b0u c\u1ee5c&#8221; \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i khi FTP ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 sao l\u01b0u t\u1ec7p tin t\u1eeb xa. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt <strong>RFC 959<\/strong> b\u1edfi IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985, FTP v\u1eabn gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng <strong>truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p<\/strong> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FTP-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\"><\/span>FTP ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 FTP, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/client-server-la-gi\/\">m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh client-server<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00eanh li\u00ean l\u1ea1c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-01.jpg\" alt=\"file transfer protocol (ftp) 01\" width=\"750\" height=\"384\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27710\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-01.jpg 750w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-01-300x154.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mo-hinh-Client-Server-trong-FTP\"><\/span>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Client-Server trong FTP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, FTP v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac <strong>client-server<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>FTP Client (M\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/filezilla-la-gi\/\">FileZilla<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/winscp-la-gi\/\">WinSCP<\/a>) m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. Client g\u1eedi c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c, t\u1ea3i l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>FTP Server (M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1eeb xa ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 FTP. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1eafng nghe y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb client, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn (nh\u01b0 g\u1eedi file v\u1ec1 client ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn file t\u1eeb client).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed9t phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c FTP b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi client g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn server. N\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, server s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 client c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eedi c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ec7p tin.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-kenh-ket-noi-Control-va-Data-Connection\"><\/span>C\u00e1c k\u00eanh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i: Control v\u00e0 Data Connection<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a FTP l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai k\u00eanh (channel) k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i logic ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa client v\u00e0 server qua m\u1ea1ng TCP\/IP \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>K\u00eanh \u0110i\u1ec1u Khi\u1ec3n (Control Connection):<\/strong> K\u00eanh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean <strong>c\u1ed5ng (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/port-la-gi\/\">port<\/a>) 21<\/strong> c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. N\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb client (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: USER, PASS \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp; <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/list-trong-python\/\">LIST<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 xem danh s\u00e1ch file; RETR \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i file) v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eeb server. K\u00eanh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec trong su\u1ed1t phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c FTP.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u00eanh D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u (Data Connection):<\/strong> K\u00eanh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra khi c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (n\u1ed9i dung file ho\u1eb7c danh s\u00e1ch th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c). N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>c\u1ed5ng 20<\/strong> tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (trong Active mode) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (trong Passive mode). K\u00eanh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t hai k\u00eanh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap FTP qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Trong khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean k\u00eanh Data, k\u00eanh Control v\u1eabn s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfp theo ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-che-do-ket-noi-Active-Mode-va-Passive-Mode\"><\/span>C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i: Active Mode v\u00e0 Passive Mode<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u00eanh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Connection) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00ean hai ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a FTP:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Active Mode (Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng):<\/strong>\n<ol>\n<li>Client k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (N) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5ng 21 c\u1ee7a Server (Control Connection).<\/li>\n<li>Client th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho Server bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u1eafng nghe tr\u00ean c\u1ed5ng N+1 (b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh PORT).<\/li>\n<li>Server ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb c\u1ed5ng 20 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5ng N+1 c\u1ee7a Client \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Data Connection.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><i>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/i> Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/tuong-lua-firewall\/\">t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda<\/a> (firewall)<\/strong> v\u00e0 NAT (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nat-la-gi\/\">Network Address Translation<\/a>) ph\u00eda client, v\u00ec t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Server v\u00e0o Client.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Passive Mode (Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 B\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng):<\/strong>\n<ol>\n<li>Client k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (N) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5ng 21 c\u1ee7a Server (Control Connection).<\/li>\n<li>Client g\u1eedi l\u1ec7nh PASV \u0111\u1ebfn Server.<\/li>\n<li>Server m\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (P) v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u1ed5ng P n\u00e0y cho Client.<\/li>\n<li>Client ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb c\u1ed5ng N+1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5ng P c\u1ee7a Server \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Data Connection.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><i>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/i> Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda ph\u00eda client v\u00ec client l\u00e0 b\u00ean ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf c\u1ea3 hai k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-ung-dung-pho-bien-cua-FTP\"><\/span>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a FTP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, FTP v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i file dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-02.jpg\" alt=\"file transfer protocol (ftp) 02\" width=\"750\" height=\"421\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27711\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-02.jpg 750w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-02-300x168.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Upload-va-Download-file-len-Web-Hosting\"><\/span>Upload v\u00e0 Download file l\u00ean Web Hosting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a FTP \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m website. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/web-hosting-la-gi\/\">web hosting<\/a><\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n FTP cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea3i l\u00ean (upload) c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/source-code-la-gi\/\">m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/a>, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, video, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/theme-la-gi\/\">theme<\/a>, plugin&#8230; l\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 hosting ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 (download) c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p t\u1eeb hosting v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 <strong>qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd website<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color: #e6f2ff; border-radius: 10px; padding: 20px; margin: 20px 0; border: 1px solid #b3d9ff;\">\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a FTP trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd website, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng hosting ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-hosting\/\"><strong>thu\u00ea Hosting<\/strong><\/a> t\u1ea1i InterData, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 1K\/ng\u00e0y, mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1edd ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng cao c\u1ea5p <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cpu-amd-epyc\/\">AMD EPYC<\/a> Gen 3, SSD NVMe U.2, c\u00f9ng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/bang-thong-la-gi\/\">b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/a> cao v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sao-luu-Backup-va-Phuc-hoi-Restore-du-lieu-Website\"><\/span>Sao l\u01b0u (Backup) v\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i (Restore) d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Website<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>FTP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c <strong>sao l\u01b0u website<\/strong> th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FTP client \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o hosting v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u website v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi c\u1ea7n <strong>ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong> (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1), b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng FTP \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i b\u1ea3n sao l\u01b0u t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00ean l\u1ea1i hosting.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chia-se-tep-tin-dung-luong-lon\"><\/span>Chia s\u1ebb t\u1ec7p tin dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Khi c\u1ea7n <strong>chia s\u1ebb file l\u1edbn<\/strong> (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: video ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, b\u1ed9 c\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn) m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 email (th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m) hay c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cloud-storage-la-gi\/\">l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/a> mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, FTP tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t FTP server t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 FTP \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FTP-Client-la-gi-Cac-phan-mem-FTP-pho-bien\"><\/span>FTP Client l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m FTP ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t FTP server, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng thao t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>FTP Client<\/strong>. V\u1eady <strong>FTP Client l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>FTP Client<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, cung c\u1ea5p giao di\u1ec7n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn FTP server, duy\u1ec7t c\u00e2y th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean server, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p (upload\/download) ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o th\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-03.jpg\" alt=\"file transfer protocol (ftp) 03\" width=\"750\" height=\"442\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27712\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-03.jpg 750w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-03-300x177.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vai-tro-cua-FTP-Client\"><\/span>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a FTP Client<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FTP Client mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng FTP qua d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Giao di\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh lokal v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 remote song song, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng k\u00e9o th\u1ea3 file gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/strong> L\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u FTP server, gi\u00fap k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p n\u00e2ng cao:<\/strong> H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n file b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/queue-la-gi\/\">h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i<\/a> truy\u1ec1n file, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, so s\u00e1nh th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c&#8230;<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u giao th\u1ee9c:<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u FTP Client hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 SFTP, FTPS.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gioi-thieu-cac-FTP-Client-thong-dung-FileZilla-WinSCP-Cyberduck\"><\/span>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c FTP Client th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng (FileZilla, WinSCP, Cyberduck)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m FTP Client c\u1ea3 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn <strong>FTP client mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed<\/strong> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>FileZilla:<\/strong> L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng FTP Client <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/open-source-la-gi\/\">m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf<\/a> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng (Windows, macOS, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/he-dieu-hanh-linux-la-gi\/\">Linux<\/a>). FileZilla c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 FTP, FTPS, SFTP, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ipv6-la-gi\/\">IPv6<\/a> v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>WinSCP:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Windows. WinSCP h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 SFTP, SCP, FTPS v\u00e0 FTP. N\u00f3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Windows (k\u00e9o th\u1ea3, URL), <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cli-command-line-interface\/\">giao di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh<\/a> v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cyberduck:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t FTP Client m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho c\u1ea3 Windows v\u00e0 macOS. Cyberduck h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 FTP, SFTP, WebDAV, Amazon S3, Google Drive, Dropbox&#8230; Giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn FTP Client n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/he-dieu-hanh\/\">h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/a> b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 giao di\u1ec7n, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Van-de-bao-mat-cua-FTP-va-cac-giai-phap-thay-the\"><\/span>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a FTP v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c FTP truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 <strong>b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh an ninh m\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. V\u1eady <strong>t\u1ea1i sao FTP kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-04.jpg\" alt=\"file transfer protocol (ftp) 04\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27713\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-04.jpg 750w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-04-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai-sao-FTP-truyen-thong-khong-an-toan\"><\/span>T\u1ea1i sao FTP truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>L\u00fd do ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn <strong>FTP kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n<\/strong> n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 <strong>kh\u00f4ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/strong> d\u1eef li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n \u0111i. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u:<\/strong> Khi b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn FTP server, t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (username) v\u00e0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u (password) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng <strong>v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thu\u1ea7n (plaintext)<\/strong> qua k\u00eanh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng &#8220;nghe l\u00e9n&#8221; (sniffing) tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u1ed9i dung file kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ec7p tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua k\u00eanh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung file c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb xem ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c <strong>\u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin<\/strong> t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n FTP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0 website b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u1ea5u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FTP truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qua m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng tin c\u1eady (nh\u01b0 Internet c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng) ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SFTP-la-gi-SSH-File-Transfer-Protocol\"><\/span>SFTP l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (SSH File Transfer Protocol)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>SFTP (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ssh-la-gi\/\">SSH<\/a> File Transfer Protocol)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn FTP v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. <strong>SFTP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c <strong>SSH (Secure Shell)<\/strong>, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i SSH duy nh\u1ea5t (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 <strong>c\u1ed5ng 22<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a SFTP l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u ho\u1eb7c c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai\/ri\u00eang t\u01b0) v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n \u0111i, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <strong>m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/strong> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1edfi SSH. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb nghe l\u00e9n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o. SFTP hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho FTP.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FTPS-la-gi-FTP-Secure-hoac-FTP-over-SSLTLS\"><\/span>FTPS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (FTP Secure ho\u1eb7c FTP over SSL\/TLS)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>FTPS (FTP Secure)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c FTP truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/chung-chi-ssl\/\">SSL<\/a> (Secure Sockets Layer)<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c <strong>TLS (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/transport-layer-lop-van-chuyen-trong-ois-la-gi\/\">Transport Layer<\/a> Security)<\/strong> &#8211; t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-https-la-gi\/\">HTTPS<\/a> b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/page-la-gi\/\">trang web<\/a>. V\u1eady <strong>FTPS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> N\u00f3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a FTP (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00eanh control v\u00e0 data) nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c k\u00eanh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>FTPS c\u00f3 hai ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>FTPS Explicit (T\u01b0\u1eddng minh):<\/strong> K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 FTP th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean c\u1ed5ng 21, sau \u0111\u00f3 client y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00e3 h\u00f3a (th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh AUTH TLS ho\u1eb7c AUTH SSL).<\/li>\n<li><strong>FTPS Implicit (Ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh):<\/strong> K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e3 h\u00f3a SSL\/TLS ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 <strong>c\u1ed5ng 990<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n FTP, FTPS \u0111\u00f4i khi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n SFTP trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda do v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khi-nao-nen-dung-FTP-SFTP-hay-FTPS\"><\/span>Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng FTP, SFTP hay FTPS?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c <strong>so s\u00e1nh FTP, SFTP, FTPS<\/strong> v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn giao th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u01afu ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>SFTP<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c <strong>FTPS<\/strong> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m qua <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mang-internet\/\">m\u1ea1ng Internet<\/a> c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. SFTP th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng duy nh\u1ea5t, d\u1ec5 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc FTP:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FTP truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, n\u01a1i nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb nghe l\u00e9n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, ho\u1eb7c khi truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. N\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p hosting ho\u1eb7c server c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 FTP, h\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean SFTP\/FTPS.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y coi SFTP v\u00e0 FTPS l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam-the-nao-de-ket-noi-FTP\"><\/span>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i FTP?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sau khi hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 FTP v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh <strong>k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i FTP<\/strong> (ho\u1eb7c SFTP\/FTPS) th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m FTP Client.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-05.jpg\" alt=\"file transfer protocol (ftp) 05\" width=\"750\" height=\"342\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27714\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-05.jpg 750w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-05-300x137.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-thong-tin-can-thiet-Host-Username-Password-Port\"><\/span>C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (Host, Username, Password, Port)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t FTP\/SFTP\/FTPS server, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n 4 th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Host (M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a FTP server. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/domain-la-gi\/\">t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n<\/a> (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <code>ftp.example.com<\/code>) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/\">\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP<\/a> (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <code>192.168.1.100<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Username (T\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng):<\/strong> T\u00ean t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o FTP server.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Password (M\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u):<\/strong> M\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Username \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Port (C\u1ed5ng):<\/strong> S\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng m\u00e0 FTP server \u0111ang l\u1eafng nghe k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0:\n<ul>\n<li>FTP: C\u1ed5ng 21<\/li>\n<li>SFTP: C\u1ed5ng 22<\/li>\n<li>FTPS (Implicit): C\u1ed5ng 990<\/li>\n<li>FTPS (Explicit): C\u1ed5ng 21<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lay-thong-tin-tai-khoan-FTP-o-dau\"><\/span>L\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n FTP \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp FTP\/SFTP\/FTPS th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c <strong>nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p web hosting<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Web Hosting:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra email ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng khi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 hosting, ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm trong <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/hosting-control-panel\/\">b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n hosting<\/a> (nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cpanel\/\">cPanel<\/a>, DirectAdmin&#8230;). Th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n FTP n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem, t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Server ri\u00eang\/VPS:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb server, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n FTP\/SFTP ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t server cho b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-buoc-ket-noi-co-ban-bang-FTP-Client-Vi-du-FileZilla\"><\/span>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng FTP Client (V\u00ed d\u1ee5 FileZilla)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t FTP Client nh\u01b0 FileZilla gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>M\u1edf FileZilla:<\/strong> Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m FileZilla tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/strong> Tr\u00ean thanh Quickconnect \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Host:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 FTP server.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Username:<\/strong> T\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng FTP.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Password:<\/strong> M\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u FTP.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Port:<\/strong> S\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng (n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh 21 cho FTP, 22 cho SFTP th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng, FileZilla s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u1ea5n Quickconnect:<\/strong> Nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o n\u00fat &#8220;Quickconnect&#8221;. FileZilla s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn server.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 (N\u1ebfu c\u00f3):<\/strong> N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn server SFTP\/FTPS ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, FileZilla c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng server.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trong c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 log v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch file\/th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean server s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra \u1edf khung b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. Khung b\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 file\/th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Truy\u1ec1n file:<\/strong> B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o th\u1ea3 file\/th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa hai khung \u0111\u1ec3 upload ho\u1eb7c download.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c FTP Client kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong-ket-Nhung-diem-chinh-can-nho-ve-FTP\"><\/span>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 FTP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y, hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 <strong>FTP l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>FTP (File Transfer Protocol):<\/strong> L\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p tin gi\u1eefa client v\u00e0 server qua TCP\/IP.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh client-server, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00eanh Control (c\u1ed5ng 21) v\u00e0 k\u00eanh Data (c\u1ed5ng 20 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed5ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean) v\u1edbi hai ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Active v\u00e0 Passive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd file web hosting, sao l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, chia s\u1ebb file l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>FTP Client:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi FTP server (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: FileZilla, WinSCP).<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong> FTP truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ma-hoa-du-lieu-data-encryption\/\">m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a> (bao g\u1ed3m m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u), ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf an to\u00e0n:<\/strong> <strong>SFTP<\/strong> (qua SSH, c\u1ed5ng 22) v\u00e0 <strong>FTPS<\/strong> (qua SSL\/TLS, c\u1ed5ng 21\/990) cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e3 h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 FTP v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf an to\u00e0n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt h\u01a1n trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eebng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a file l\u00ean website hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb xa? R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u1ebfn FTP. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean Internet su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":27715,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[61,67],"class_list":["post-16792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hosting","tag-hosting","tag-server"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16792","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16792"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16792\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27716,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16792\/revisions\/27716"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16792"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16792"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}