{"id":16377,"date":"2024-09-05T14:14:28","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T07:14:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=16377"},"modified":"2025-05-31T14:32:01","modified_gmt":"2025-05-31T07:32:01","slug":"nginx-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Nginx l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Nginx"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nginx l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng web server ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Nginx, t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c web server kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/apache-la-gi\/\">Apache<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Gioi-thieu-ve-Nginx\" >Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Nginx<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Nginx-la-gi\" >Nginx l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Nginx-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\" >Nginx ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Nhung-tinh-nang-cua-Nginx\" >Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Nginx<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Nhung-loi-ich-cua-Nginx-Web-Server\" >Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Nginx Web Server<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#1-Hieu-suat-cao\" >1. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#2-Tinh-linh-hoat\" >2. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#3-Bao-mat-nang-cao\" >3. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#4-Do-tin-cay-va-on-dinh\" >4. \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#5-Kha-nang-mo-rong\" >5. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#6-Ho-tro-cong-dong-va-tai-lieu-phong-phu\" >6. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u phong ph\u00fa<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#So-sanh-Apache-va-Nginx\" >So s\u00e1nh Apache v\u00e0 Nginx<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#1-Hieu-suat\" >1. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#2-Tinh-nang-va-Module\" >2. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 Module<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#3-Cau-hinh-va-Quan-ly\" >3. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#4-Kha-nang-mo-rong\" >4. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#5-Ho-tro-cong-dong\" >5. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#6-Bao-mat\" >6. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Huong-dan-cai-dat-Nginx\" >H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Nginx<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Su-dung-goi-dung-san\" >S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u00f3i d\u1ef1ng s\u1eb5n:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Cai-dat-tu-ma-nguon\" >C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Huong-dan-cau-hinh-Nginx\" >H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Nginx<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Cau-hinh-co-ban\" >C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Ngu-canh-events\" >Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh events<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Ngu-canh-http\" >Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh http<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Huong-dan-cach-cau-hinh-HTTPS-trong-NGINX\" >H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh HTTPS trong NGINX<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Chuan-bi-chung-chi-SSL\" >Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 SSL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Cau-hinh-NGINX\" >C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh NGINX<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Kiem-tra-cau-hinh\" >Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Khoi-dong-lai-NGINX\" >Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i NGINX<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Mo-cong-443-tren-firewall\" >M\u1edf c\u1ed5ng 443 tr\u00ean firewall<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Kiem-tra-HTTPS\" >Ki\u1ec3m tra HTTPS<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nginx-la-gi\/#Huong-dan-khoi-dong-Nginx\" >H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng Nginx<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gioi-thieu-ve-Nginx\"><\/span>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Nginx<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nginx-la-gi\"><\/span>Nginx l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nginx, ph\u00e1t \u00e2m l\u00e0 &#8220;Engine X&#8221;, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/open-source-la-gi\/\">m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/web-server-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Web Server<\/a>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Nginx kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vai tr\u00f2 m\u1ed9t web server th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t reverse proxy, load balancer v\u00e0 HTTP <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/bo-nho-dem-la-gi\/\">cache<\/a>, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16384\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16384\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nginx-la-gi.webp\" alt=\"Nginx l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\" width=\"900\" height=\"447\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16384\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nginx-la-gi.webp 900w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nginx-la-gi-300x149.webp 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nginx-la-gi-768x381.webp 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nginx-la-gi-360x180.webp 360w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nginx-la-gi-750x373.webp 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16384\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nginx l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Nginx \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Igor Sysoev, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2004. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, Nginx \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c web server truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 Apache. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, Nginx c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn Nginx tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c website c\u00f3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nginx-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\"><\/span>Nginx ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/may-chu-server-la-gi\/\">m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/a> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, Nginx kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng (threads) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd truy v\u1ea5n (request). Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t, b\u00ean trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 worker connection. C\u00e1c worker connection n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c work process v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang t\u1edbi master process. Sau \u0111\u00f3, master process s\u1ebd g\u1eedi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16382\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16382\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cach-thuc-hoat-dong-cua-nginx.webp\" alt=\"C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nginx\" width=\"900\" height=\"512\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16382\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cach-thuc-hoat-dong-cua-nginx.webp 900w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cach-thuc-hoat-dong-cua-nginx-300x171.webp 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cach-thuc-hoat-dong-cua-nginx-768x437.webp 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cach-thuc-hoat-dong-cua-nginx-750x427.webp 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16382\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nginx<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i worker connection c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1edbi 1024 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p Nginx x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0o. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Nginx tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c website c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp l\u1edbn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c trang th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cloud-storage-la-gi\/\">l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung-tinh-nang-cua-Nginx\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Nginx<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nginx n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd m\u00e0 n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Nginx:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reverse Proxy:<\/strong> Nginx c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t reverse proxy, chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb client \u0111\u1ebfn server backend. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho server backend m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch che gi\u1ea5u <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/\">\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP<\/a> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c server n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Reverse proxy c\u1ee7a Nginx c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 load balancing, gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c server backend.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Load Balancing:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Nginx l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng load balancing. Nginx c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c server backend, gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp l\u1edbn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nginx h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/thuat-toan-algorithm\/\">thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n<\/a> load balancing kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m round-robin, least connections, v\u00e0 IP hash.<\/li>\n<li><strong>HTTP <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/caching-la-gi\/\">Caching<\/a>:<\/strong> Nginx c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cache n\u1ed9i dung t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho server v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. HTTP caching \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p t\u0129nh nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/css-la-gi\/\">CSS<\/a>, v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/javascript-la-gi\/\">JavaScript<\/a> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i truy v\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i server backend.<\/li>\n<li><strong>TLS\/SSL Termination:<\/strong> Nginx h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng TLS\/SSL, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa client v\u00e0 server. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp hay d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c:<\/strong> Nginx c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cms-la-gi\/\">CMS<\/a>) nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wordpress-la-gi\/\">WordPress<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/joomla-la-gi\/\">Joomla<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/drupal-la-gi\/\">Drupal<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/framework-la-gi\/\">framework<\/a> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web nh\u01b0 Django, Ruby on Rails, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/web-application-la-gi\/\">\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web<\/a> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/strong> Nginx h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u giao th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/http-2-la-gi\/\">HTTP\/2<\/a> v\u00e0 gRPC, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a website. HTTP\/2, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi qua m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i trang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung-loi-ich-cua-Nginx-Web-Server\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Nginx Web Server<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Nginx mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 Nginx cung c\u1ea5p:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Hieu-suat-cao\"><\/span>1. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn Nginx \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-bat-dong-bo-asynchronous\/\">b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/a>, Nginx c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c website c\u00f3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp l\u1edbn, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y t\u1ea3i trang \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ux-la-gi\/\">tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/a> v\u00e0 doanh thu.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-Tinh-linh-hoat\"><\/span>2. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nginx l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111a n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Nginx nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t web server \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i dung t\u0129nh, m\u1ed9t reverse proxy \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn server backend, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t load balancer \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c server. S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap Nginx d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/page-la-gi\/\">trang web<\/a> nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-Bao-mat-nang-cao\"><\/span>3. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nginx cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 TLS\/SSL, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ddos-la-gi\/\">t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DDoS<\/a>, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 website c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16383\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16383\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/loi-ich-cua-nginx.webp\" alt=\"Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Nginx Web Server\" width=\"900\" height=\"504\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16383\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/loi-ich-cua-nginx.webp 900w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/loi-ich-cua-nginx-300x168.webp 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/loi-ich-cua-nginx-768x430.webp 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/loi-ich-cua-nginx-750x420.webp 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16383\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Nginx Web Server<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-Do-tin-cay-va-on-dinh\"><\/span>4. \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nginx \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng web server \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, Nginx c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao ngay c\u1ea3 khi server ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/downtime-la-gi\/\">downtime<\/a> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng website c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-Kha-nang-mo-rong\"><\/span>5. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nginx \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u0103ng l\u00ean. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u server backend \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp t\u0103ng cao, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Nginx \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c datacenter kh\u00e1c nhau. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap Nginx tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-Ho-tro-cong-dong-va-tai-lieu-phong-phu\"><\/span>6. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u phong ph\u00fa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u phong ph\u00fa, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nginx tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nginx. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng tri\u1ec3n khai Nginx trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So-sanh-Apache-va-Nginx\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh Apache v\u00e0 Nginx<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/apache-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apache<\/a> v\u00e0 Nginx l\u00e0 hai web server ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa Apache v\u00e0 Nginx:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Hieu-suat\"><\/span>1. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Apache s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh theo lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n khi ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n<li>Nginx s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn Nginx tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c website c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp l\u1edbn m\u00e0 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-Tinh-nang-va-Module\"><\/span>2. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 Module<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Apache n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u module, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a web server m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t. C\u00e1c module n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-la-gi\/\">l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/a>, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HTTP ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Nginx c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c module, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam module v\u00e0o Nginx th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/compiler-trinh-bien-dich-la-gi\/\">bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/a> l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/source-code-la-gi\/\">m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/a>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi Apache. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Nginx \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HTTP, reverse proxy, v\u00e0 load balancing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-Cau-hinh-va-Quan-ly\"><\/span>3. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Apache cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh web server th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/file-htaccess-la-gi\/\">.htaccess<\/a>, cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u1edf t\u1eebng th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li>Nginx s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nginx.conf, gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Nginx \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng web server ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17776\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17776\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/so-sanh-apache-voi-nginx.webp\" alt=\"So s\u00e1nh Apache v\u1edbi Nginx\" width=\"900\" height=\"471\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17776\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/so-sanh-apache-voi-nginx.webp 900w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/so-sanh-apache-voi-nginx-300x157.webp 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/so-sanh-apache-voi-nginx-768x402.webp 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/so-sanh-apache-voi-nginx-750x393.webp 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17776\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">So s\u00e1nh Apache v\u1edbi Nginx<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-Kha-nang-mo-rong\"><\/span>4. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Apache c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp t\u0103ng cao, do m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li>Nginx \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u server backend ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng load balancing \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap Nginx d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp t\u0103ng cao m\u00e0 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-Ho-tro-cong-dong\"><\/span>5. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Apache c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Apache.<\/li>\n<li>Nginx c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng phong ph\u00fa b\u1eb1ng Apache, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Nginx v\u1eabn cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nginx m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-Bao-mat\"><\/span>6. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Apache cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u module b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m mod_security v\u00e0 mod_ssl, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 website kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt trong Apache c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<li>Nginx t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 TLS\/SSL v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DDoS. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nginx th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 website m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Huong-dan-cai-dat-Nginx\"><\/span>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Nginx<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Web server c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su-dung-goi-dung-san\"><\/span>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u00f3i d\u1ef1ng s\u1eb5n:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y nhanh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Tr\u00ean <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/he-dieu-hanh\/\">h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/a> Debian, ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh sau:<\/p>\n<div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><code>sudo apt-get update<br \/>\nsudo apt-get install nginx<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n NGINX \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh:<\/p>\n<div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><code>sudo nginx -v<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb nh\u01b0 nginx version: nginx\/1.18.2.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \/etc\/nginx\/, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng bao g\u1ed3m nginx.conf v\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c sites-available.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cai-dat-tu-ma-nguon\"><\/span>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh cao v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c module b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh NGINX theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Huong-dan-cau-hinh-Nginx\"><\/span>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Nginx<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Web server c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh chi ti\u1ebft qua t\u1eadp tin nginx.conf. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau-hinh-co-ban\"><\/span>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><code>user www-data;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nworker_processes 4;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\npid \/run\/nginx.pid;<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ngu-canh-events\"><\/span>Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh events<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><code>events {<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nworker_connections 768;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n# multi_accept on;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n}<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ngu-canh-http\"><\/span>Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh http<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><code>http {<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nsendfile on;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\ntcp_nopush on;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\ntcp_nodelay on;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nkeepalive_timeout 65;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\ntypes_hash_max_size 2048;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n# server_tokens off;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n# server_name_in_redirect off;<\/code><code>    include \/etc\/nginx\/mime.types;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\ndefault_type application\/octet-stream;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\naccess_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nerror_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log;<\/code><code>    gzip on;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\ngzip_disable \"msie6\";<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n# gzip_vary on;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n# gzip_proxied any;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n# gzip_comp_level 6;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n# gzip_buffers 16 8k;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n# gzip_http_version 1.1;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n# gzip_types text\/plain text\/css application\/json application\/x-javascript text\/xml application\/xml application\/xml+rss text\/javascript;<\/code><code>    include \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/*.conf;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\ninclude \/etc\/nginx\/sites-enabled\/*;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<p>T\u1eadp tin nginx.conf c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng worker processes v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i worker process c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 log v\u00e0 n\u00e9n gzip.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c trang web \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c sites-available v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o symlink t\u1edbi th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c sites-enabled. M\u1ed7i trang web c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong m\u1ed9t file ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t trang web:<\/p>\n<div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><code>server {<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nlisten 80;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nserver_name <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/world-wide-web\/\">www<\/a>.customapp.com customapp.com;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nroot \/var\/www\/html;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nindex index.html;<\/code><code>    location \/ {<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nalias \/var\/www\/html\/customapp\/;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\ntry_files $uri $uri\/ =404;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n}<\/code><code>    location \/remoteapp {<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nproxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nproxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nproxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nproxy_pass http:\/\/remoteAPIServer\/;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n}<\/code><code>    location \/api\/v1\/ {<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nproxy_pass <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/giao-thuc-https-la-gi\/\">https<\/a>:\/\/remoteAPIServer\/api\/v1\/;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nproxy_http_version 1.1;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nproxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nproxy_set_header Connection 'upgrade';<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nproxy_set_header Host $host;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nproxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nproxy_redirect http:\/\/ https:\/\/;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n}<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<p>File c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh l\u1ed3ng nhau, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ke-thua-la-gi\/\">k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/a> t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh HTTP c\u1ee7a nginx.conf. Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh server x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb client, trong khi c\u00e1c ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh location quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eebng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh location:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>try_files:<\/strong> Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p t\u0129nh t\u1eeb th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c g\u1ed1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>proxy_pass:<\/strong> Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>rewrite:<\/strong> Vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i URI \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh location ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh upstream \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u00f3m server \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i, gi\u00fap Web server th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i khi \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u server.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Huong-dan-cach-cau-hinh-HTTPS-trong-NGINX\"><\/span>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh HTTPS trong NGINX<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/http-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HTTPS<\/a> tr\u00ean NGINX, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuan-bi-chung-chi-SSL\"><\/span>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 SSL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 SSL t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn uy t\u00edn ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng OpenSSL.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 SSL bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 truy c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau-hinh-NGINX\"><\/span>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh NGINX<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1edf file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a NGINX, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf, ho\u1eb7c file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh trang web trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh SSL v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i server:<\/p>\n<div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><code>server {<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nlisten 443 ssl;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nserver_name example.com;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nssl_certificate \/path\/to\/your\/certificate.crt;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\nssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/your\/private-key.key;<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n# Th\u00eam c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y<\/code><br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n}<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kiem-tra-cau-hinh\"><\/span>Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh nginx -t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o &#8220;syntax is okay&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;test is successful&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khoi-dong-lai-NGINX\"><\/span>Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i NGINX<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i NGINX v\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh:<\/p>\n<div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><code>sudo service nginx restart<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mo-cong-443-tren-firewall\"><\/span>M\u1edf c\u1ed5ng 443 tr\u00ean firewall<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ed5ng 443 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i HTTPS.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kiem-tra-HTTPS\"><\/span>Ki\u1ec3m tra HTTPS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Truy c\u1eadp trang web c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n qua https:\/\/example.com. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f3a trong thanh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 HSTS, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ciphers, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c trong c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh SSL.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Huong-dan-khoi-dong-Nginx\"><\/span>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng Nginx<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng NGINX sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh:<\/p>\n<div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><code>sudo systemctl start nginx<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p th\u1eddi gian downtime, h\u00e3y t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh:<\/p>\n<div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><code>sudo systemctl reload nginx<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a NGINX, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh:<\/p>\n<div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><code>sudo systemctl status nginx<br \/>\n<\/code><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a NGINX.<\/p>\n<p>Qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft <strong>&#8220;Nginx l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Nginx&#8221;<\/strong> cho th\u1ea5y Nginx kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t web server th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t website v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea3i cao, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, Nginx \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>InterData.vn mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u01b0:<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/vietnam-dedicated-server\/\">thu\u00ea Server<\/a>,<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/cloud-server\/\">thu\u00ea Cloud Server<\/a>,<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-vps\/\">thu\u00ea VPS<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e0<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/thue-hosting\/\">thu\u00ea Hosting<\/a>. V\u1edbi h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/cpu-amd-epyc-la-gi\/\">AMD EPYC<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>Gen3 c\u00f9ng NVMe U.2, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/uptime-la-gi\/\">uptime<\/a> l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 99.99% v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt 24\/7\/365.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i qua website ho\u1eb7c hotline 1900.636822 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn g\u00f3i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nginx l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng web server ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Nginx, t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16385,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[150],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-webserver"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16377"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29500,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16377\/revisions\/29500"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}