{"id":15811,"date":"2025-10-12T17:27:38","date_gmt":"2025-10-12T10:27:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/?p=15811"},"modified":"2025-10-14T09:57:20","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T02:57:20","slug":"ip-private-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ea3i IP Private l\u00e0 g\u00ec? A-Z 3 l\u1edbp A, B, C &#038; Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t vs IP Public"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 <strong>d\u1ea3i IP Private<\/strong>. C\u00f9ng InterData t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u <strong>IP Private l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c IP Private A,B,C, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t IP Private v\u1edbi IP Public v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#IP-Private-la-gi\" >IP Private l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Nguon-goc-va-tieu-chuan-RFC1918-cua-IP-Private\" >Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n RFC1918 c\u1ee7a IP Private<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Phan-biet-IP-Private-va-IP-Public\" >Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t IP Private v\u00e0 IP Public<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#IP-Public\" >IP Public<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#IP-Private\" >IP Private<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Khi-nao-nen-dung-IP-Private\" >Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng IP Private?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Khi-nao-nen-dung-IP-Public\" >Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng IP Public?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Co-che-hoat-dong-Lam-the-nao-IP-Private-ket-noi-Internet\" >C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o IP Private k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Cac-dai-IP-Private-pho-bien\" >C\u00e1c d\u1ea3i IP Private ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Class-A\" >Class A<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Class-B\" >Class B<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Class-C\" >Class C<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Cac-chuc-nang-chinh-cua-IP-Private\" >C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a IP Private<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Xac-dinh-thiet-bi-trong-mang-LAN\" >X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng LAN<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Tao-moi-truong-mang-biet-lap\" >T\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Ho-tro-NAT-Network-Address-Translation\" >H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 NAT (Network Address Translation)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Phan-chia-va-quan-ly-mang-con-Subnetting\" >Ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng con (Subnetting)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Dai-IP-Private-dung-de-lam-gi\" >D\u1ea3i IP Private d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Tiet-kiem-dia-chi-IP-Public\" >Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Tang-cuong-bao-mat\" >T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#De-dang-quan-ly-va-cau-hinh\" >D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Ung-dung-thuc-te-cua-IP-Private-trong-doanh-nghiep-gia-dinh\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a IP Private trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p &amp; gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Ung-dung-trong-Gia-dinh\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong Gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Ung-dung-trong-Doanh-nghiep\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong Doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Cach-tim-dia-chi-Private-nhanh-nhat\" >C\u00e1ch t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Private nhanh nh\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Cac-van-de-thuong-gap-voi-IP-Private\" >C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1edbi IP Private<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Trung-lap-IP-IP-Conflict\" >Tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p IP (IP Conflict)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Khong-truy-cap-duoc-thiet-bi-trong-LAN\" >Kh\u00f4ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong LAN<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Khong-ra-duoc-Internet-tu-IP-Private\" >Kh\u00f4ng ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Internet t\u1eeb IP Private<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Loi-khuyen-khi-trien-khai-va-quan-ly-IP-Private\" >L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean khi tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd IP Private<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Cau-hoi-thuong-gap-ve-IP-Private\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 IP Private<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#IP-Private-co-truy-cap-Internet-duoc-khong\" >IP Private c\u00f3 truy c\u1eadp Internet \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Router-co-IP-Private-hay-Public\" >Router c\u00f3 IP Private hay Public?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#Co-can-IP-Private-cho-moi-thiet-bi-khong\" >C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n IP Private cho m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-private-la-gi\/#IP-Private-co-bao-mat-tuyet-doi-khong\" >IP Private c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IP-Private-la-gi\"><\/span>IP Private l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-ip-la-gi\/\">\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP<\/a> Private (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 IP n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, private IP address)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (LAN \u2013 Local Area Network), v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/data-center-la-gi\/\">trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn (non-routable) tr\u00ean Internet to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i tin mang IP Private c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i Router c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb Router c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISP) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c Router c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>Vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a IP Private l\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau (m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y in, TV th\u00f4ng minh).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15813\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15813\" style=\"width: 720px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15813\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Dia-chi-IP-Private-la-gi.png\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\" width=\"720\" height=\"406\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Dia-chi-IP-Private-la-gi.png 720w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Dia-chi-IP-Private-la-gi-300x169.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15813\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguon-goc-va-tieu-chuan-RFC1918-cua-IP-Private\"><\/span>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n RFC1918 c\u1ee7a IP Private<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a <strong>d\u1ea3i IP Private<\/strong> xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch: <strong>s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ipv4-la-gi\/\">IPv4<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, khi Internet b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng 4.3 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd s\u1edbm kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, C\u01a1 quan Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd S\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c G\u00e1n To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (IANA) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u <strong>RFC1918<\/strong> (Request for <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/comments-wordpress-la-gi\/\">Comments<\/a> 1918) v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1996.<\/p>\n<p><strong>RFC1918<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ba kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8220;\u0111\u1eb7t sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng khai. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public:<\/strong> Cho ph\u00e9p h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Public th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt D\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng (NAT).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c <strong>d\u1ea3i IP Private<\/strong> c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, cho ph\u00e9p qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean m\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp <strong>\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang<\/strong> cho <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/mang-lan\/\">m\u1ea1ng LAN<\/a> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi IANA.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan-biet-IP-Private-va-IP-Public\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t IP Private v\u00e0 IP Public<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 <strong>IP Private<\/strong>, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3 v\u1edbi <strong>IP Public<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IP-Public\"><\/span>IP Public<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>IP Public l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t b\u1edfi ISP, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean Internet. M\u1ecdi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ra ngo\u00e0i Internet (nh\u01b0 khi b\u1ea1n truy c\u1eadp Google) \u0111\u1ec1u mang IP Public n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IP-Private\"><\/span>IP Private<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, IP Private ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u m\u1ea1ng LAN tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 IP Private kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp truy c\u1eadp Internet. \u0110\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Internet, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb IP Private s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trung gian (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 router) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt NAT.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px solid #0D6EFD;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #0d6efd; color: white;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #0d6efd; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #0d6efd; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">IP Public<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #0d6efd; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">IP Private<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD;\">Ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD;\">Internet to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD;\">M\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (LAN, WAN ri\u00eang)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f8ff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD;\">T\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD;\">Duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi IANA\/ISP)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD;\">Duy nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng LAN c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng LAN kh\u00e1c nhau<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD;\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb Internet<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD;\">Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb Internet (c\u1ea7n NAT)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f8ff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD;\">M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD;\">\u0110\u1ecbnh danh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean Internet<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD;\">\u0110\u1ecbnh danh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD;\">C\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t b\u1edfi<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD;\">Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISP)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #0D6EFD;\">Router, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khi-nao-nen-dung-IP-Private\"><\/span>Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng IP Private?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng:<\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y in, TV th\u00f4ng minh, camera an ninh trong nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IP Private. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n giao ti\u1ebfp trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp Internet th\u00f4ng qua router.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (Internal Servers):<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ea1ng LAN, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 file n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m (development server).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb Internet:<\/strong> B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ea1ng truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi IP Private.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khi-nao-nen-dung-IP-Public\"><\/span>Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng IP Public?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/web-server\/\">M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web<\/a> (Web Servers):<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/page-la-gi\/\">trang web<\/a> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i tr\u00ean Internet, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 mail (Mail Servers)<\/strong>: T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 email c\u1ea7n IP Public \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 g\u1eedi th\u01b0 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i (Game Servers):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 game \u0111a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, IP Public l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>VPN Gateway (m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i):<\/strong> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb VPN gateway m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb xa k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 IP Public \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Firewall ho\u1eb7c Router \u1edf r\u00eca m\u1ea1ng (Edge Device):<\/strong> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 gi\u1eefa m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Internet, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public \u1edf ph\u00eda WAN.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co-che-hoat-dong-Lam-the-nao-IP-Private-ket-noi-Internet\"><\/span>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o IP Private k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>N\u1ebfu <strong>IP Private<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00ean Internet, v\u1eady l\u00e0m sao m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 <strong>\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang<\/strong> v\u1eabn truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c trang web to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u?<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf <strong>NAT (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/nat-la-gi\/\">Network Address Translation<\/a>)<\/strong> \u2013 D\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Router (thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi Internet) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean. Khi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (v\u1edbi IP Private l\u00e0 <strong>192.168.1.10<\/strong>) mu\u1ed1n truy c\u1eadp InterData:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>G\u00f3i tin r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh mang theo \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 <strong>192.168.1.10<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f3i tin \u0111\u1ebfn Router. Router th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 <strong>NAT<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Router thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ngu\u1ed3n <strong>192.168.1.10<\/strong> b\u1eb1ng <strong>IP Public<\/strong> c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f3i tin sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi ra Internet.<\/li>\n<li>Khi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb InterData tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 <strong>IP Public<\/strong> c\u1ee7a Router, Router s\u1ebd tra b\u1ea3ng NAT, t\u00ecm \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111ang ch\u1edd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i (l\u00e0 <strong>192.168.1.10<\/strong>) v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Nh\u1edd <strong>NAT<\/strong>, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng LAN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung m\u1ed9t <strong>IP Public<\/strong> duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-dai-IP-Private-pho-bien\"><\/span>C\u00e1c d\u1ea3i IP Private ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ba d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. C\u00e1c d\u1ea3i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00ean Internet c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba l\u1edbp (Class) ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Class-A\"><\/span>Class A<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>D\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Class A d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb <code>10.0.0.0<\/code> \u0111\u1ebfn <code>10.255.255.255<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ea3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 <code>10.0.0.0\/8<\/code> trong \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 24 bit cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng con, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 16 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Class-B\"><\/span>Class B<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>D\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Class B ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbn. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb <code>172.16.0.0<\/code> \u0111\u1ebfn <code>172.31.255.255<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng CIDR, d\u1ea3i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 <code>172.16.0.0\/12<\/code>. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 1 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang, \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chi nh\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Class-C\"><\/span>Class C<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>D\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Class C l\u00e0 d\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf. D\u1ea3i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb <code>192.168.0.0<\/code> \u0111\u1ebfn <code>192.168.255.255<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u CIDR c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 <code>192.168.0.0\/16<\/code>. D\u1ea3i Class C cung c\u1ea5p 256 subnet kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i subnet c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a 256 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 254 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb do 2 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho network ID v\u00e0 broadcast ID.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ba d\u1ea3i n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; margin: 16px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; min-width: 720px; box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(13,110,253,0.08);\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #0D6EFD; color: #fff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 14px; font-size: 15px; border-bottom: 3px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.12);\">L\u1edbp (Class)<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #0D6EFD; color: #fff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 14px; font-size: 15px; border-bottom: 3px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.12);\">D\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #0D6EFD; color: #fff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 14px; font-size: 15px; border-bottom: 3px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.12);\">Subnet Mask m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #0D6EFD; color: #fff; text-align: right; padding: 12px 14px; font-size: 15px; border-bottom: 3px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.12);\">S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #0D6EFD; color: #fff; text-align: left; padding: 12px 14px; font-size: 15px; border-bottom: 3px solid rgba(13,110,253,0.12);\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background: #fff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9eefb; vertical-align: top; font-weight: 600;\">Class A<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9eefb; vertical-align: top;\"><code style=\"background: transparent; font-family: inherit; color: #0d6efd;\">10.0.0.0<\/code> \u0111\u1ebfn <code style=\"background: transparent; font-family: inherit; color: #0d6efd;\">10.255.255.255<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9eefb; vertical-align: top;\">255.0.0.0 <span style=\"color: #6c757d;\">(\/8)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9eefb; vertical-align: top; text-align: right;\">16,777,214<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9eefb; vertical-align: top;\">M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn (c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia, trung t\u00e2m <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/big-data-la-gi\/\">d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn<\/a>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #fbfdff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #eef4ff; vertical-align: top; font-weight: 600;\">Class B<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #eef4ff; vertical-align: top;\"><code style=\"background: transparent; font-family: inherit; color: #0d6efd;\">172.16.0.0<\/code> \u0111\u1ebfn <code style=\"background: transparent; font-family: inherit; color: #0d6efd;\">172.31.255.255<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #eef4ff; vertical-align: top;\">255.255.0.0 <span style=\"color: #6c757d;\">(\/12)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #eef4ff; vertical-align: top; text-align: right;\">1,048,574<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #eef4ff; vertical-align: top;\">M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 v\u1eeba (tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, doanh nghi\u1ec7p quy m\u00f4).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #fff;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9eefb; vertical-align: top; font-weight: 600;\">Class C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9eefb; vertical-align: top;\"><code style=\"background: transparent; font-family: inherit; color: #0d6efd;\">192.168.0.0<\/code> \u0111\u1ebfn <code style=\"background: transparent; font-family: inherit; color: #0d6efd;\">192.168.255.255<\/code><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9eefb; vertical-align: top;\">255.255.255.0 <span style=\"color: #6c757d;\">(\/16)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9eefb; vertical-align: top; text-align: right;\">65,534<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border-top: 1px solid #e9eefb; vertical-align: top;\">M\u1ea1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf (SOHO), c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng LAN ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-chuc-nang-chinh-cua-IP-Private\"><\/span>C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a IP Private<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>IP Private<\/strong> \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xac-dinh-thiet-bi-trong-mang-LAN\"><\/span>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng LAN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a IP Private l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u00e1y in, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, ho\u1eb7c camera an ninh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 &#8220;nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y&#8221; v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi b\u1ea1n g\u1eedi l\u1ec7nh in t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm m\u00e1y in qua \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y in \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ea1ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tao-moi-truong-mang-biet-lap\"><\/span>T\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>IP Private<\/strong> gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 Internet c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 IP Private kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ean Internet. N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ho-tro-NAT-Network-Address-Translation\"><\/span>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 NAT (Network Address Translation)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>NAT l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu gi\u00fap c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IP Private c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp Internet. Router c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng NAT n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng LAN g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ra Internet, NAT s\u1ebd &#8220;d\u1ecbch&#8221; \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public c\u1ee7a router. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 ghi nh\u1edb phi\u00ean giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan-chia-va-quan-ly-mang-con-Subnetting\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng con (Subnetting)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p, IP Private cho ph\u00e9p qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean chia m\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng con (subnet). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/network-slicing-la-gi\/\">ph\u00e2n chia m\u1ea1ng<\/a> con c\u0169ng gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau cho t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dai-IP-Private-dung-de-lam-gi\"><\/span>D\u1ea3i IP Private d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>IP Private<\/strong> mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tiet-kiem-dia-chi-IP-Public\"><\/span>Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a IP Private. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 Public \u0111ang d\u1ea7n c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>IP Private cho ph\u00e9p h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng khai. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a router c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng LAN.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tang-cuong-bao-mat\"><\/span>T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 IP Private kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb Internet. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f4ng khai. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng IP Private gi\u00fap ch\u00fang an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"De-dang-quan-ly-va-cau-hinh\"><\/span>D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>V\u1edbi <strong>IP Private<\/strong>, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 g\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Router th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dhcp-server-la-gi\/\">m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DHCP<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dhcp-la-gi\/\">Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol<\/a>) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t IP Private cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung-dung-thuc-te-cua-IP-Private-trong-doanh-nghiep-gia-dinh\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a IP Private trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p &amp; gia \u0111\u00ecnh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u <strong>IP Private<\/strong> l\u00e0 g\u00ec s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung-dung-trong-Gia-dinh\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong Gia \u0111\u00ecnh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Camera IP:<\/strong> Camera an ninh trong nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>IP Private<\/strong> (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 192.168.1.15) \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ghi ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i (khi b\u1ea1n \u1edf nh\u00e0).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/internet-of-things\/\">IoT<\/a>:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh, loa, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh&#8230; \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn <strong>\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang<\/strong> t\u1eeb Router c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>NAS (Network Attached Storage):<\/strong> \u1ed4 c\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ip-tinh\/\">IP t\u0129nh<\/a> trong d\u1ea3i 192.168.x.x \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung-dung-trong-Doanh-nghiep\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong Doanh nghi\u1ec7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i VoIP, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n <strong>IP Private<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 CSDL, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (Application Server) lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n <strong>IP Private<\/strong> t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Virtualization &amp; Cloud:<\/strong> Trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/ao-hoa-la-gi\/\">\u1ea3o h\u00f3a<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vmware-la-gi\/\">VMware<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/hyper-v-la-gi\/\">Hyper-V<\/a>) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Cloud ri\u00eang (<a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/vpc-la-gi\/\">VPC<\/a> tr\u00ean AWS, VNet tr\u00ean Azure), <strong>d\u1ea3i IP Private<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/virtual-machine-la-gi\/\">m\u00e1y \u1ea3o<\/a> kh\u1ecfi Internet c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach-tim-dia-chi-Private-nhanh-nhat\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Private nhanh nh\u1ea5t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tr\u00ean Windows<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1<\/strong>: M\u1edf <strong>Command Prompt<\/strong> -&gt; Nh\u1ea5n <strong>Windows<\/strong> <strong>+ R<\/strong>, g\u00f5 &#8220;<strong>cmd<\/strong>&#8221; v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n <strong>Enter<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2<\/strong>: G\u00f5 l\u1ec7nh &#8220;<strong>ipconfig<\/strong>&#8221; v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n <strong>Enter<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00f2ng &#8220;IPv4 Address&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15812\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15812\" style=\"width: 511px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15812\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Cach-tim-dia-chi-Private-tren-Windows-nhanh-nhat.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1ch t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Private tr\u00ean Windows nhanh nh\u1ea5t\" width=\"511\" height=\"111\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Cach-tim-dia-chi-Private-tren-Windows-nhanh-nhat.png 511w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Cach-tim-dia-chi-Private-tren-Windows-nhanh-nhat-300x65.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15812\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1ch t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Private tr\u00ean Windows nhanh nh\u1ea5t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Tr\u00ean macOS<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1<\/strong>: M\u1edf <strong>Terminal<\/strong> (t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm &#8220;Terminal&#8221; trong Spotlight ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c Applications &gt; Utilities).<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2<\/strong>: G\u00f5 l\u1ec7nh &#8220;<strong>ifconfig<\/strong>&#8221; v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n <strong>Enter<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00f2ng &#8220;inet&#8221; trong ph\u1ea7n &#8220;en0&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;en1&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tr\u00ean <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/he-dieu-hanh-linux-la-gi\/\">Linux<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1<\/strong>: M\u1edf <strong>Terminal<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2<\/strong>: G\u00f5 l\u1ec7nh &#8220;<strong>ifconfig<\/strong>&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;<strong>ip addr show<\/strong>&#8221; v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n <strong>Enter<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00f2ng &#8220;inet&#8221; trong ph\u1ea7n &#8220;eth0&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;wlan0&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Android: V\u00e0o <strong>Settings<\/strong> &gt; <strong>About phone<\/strong> &gt; <strong>Status<\/strong> &gt; <strong>IP address<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>iOS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0o <strong>Settings<\/strong> &gt; <strong>Wi-Fi<\/strong>, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 xem \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP trong ph\u1ea7n DHCP.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac-van-de-thuong-gap-voi-IP-Private\"><\/span>C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1edbi IP Private<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 <strong>IP Private<\/strong> gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trung-lap-IP-IP-Conflict\"><\/span>Tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p IP (IP Conflict)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. X\u1ea3y ra khi hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng LAN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng do b\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh IP t\u0129nh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do DHCP c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3).<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DHCP:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 router t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5p IP b\u1eb1ng DHCP.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp DHCP Reservation:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n IP t\u0129nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: server, camera), b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh DHCP Reservation tr\u00ean router. Router s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n c\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t <strong>IP Private<\/strong> cho m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dia-chi-mac-la-gi\/\">\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC<\/a> c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29789\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29789\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29789\" src=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Cac-van-de-thuong-gap-voi-IP-Private-.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1edbi IP Private\u00a0\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Cac-van-de-thuong-gap-voi-IP-Private-.jpg 800w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Cac-van-de-thuong-gap-voi-IP-Private--300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Cac-van-de-thuong-gap-voi-IP-Private--768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Cac-van-de-thuong-gap-voi-IP-Private--750x469.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29789\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1edbi IP Private<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khong-truy-cap-duoc-thiet-bi-trong-LAN\"><\/span>Kh\u00f4ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong LAN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00f4i khi, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 IP Private v\u00e0 \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Firewall:<\/strong> T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch \u0111ang ch\u1eb7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sai Subnet Mask\/Gateway:<\/strong> C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Subnet Mask ho\u1eb7c Default Gateway kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1p m\u1ea1ng\/Wi-Fi:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u Wi-Fi y\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra Firewall:<\/strong> T\u1ea1m th\u1eddi t\u1eaft firewall tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra. N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u00e3y c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i firewall \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra Subnet Mask v\u00e0 Gateway:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng con \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng Subnet Mask v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng Default Gateway (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 IP c\u1ee7a router).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1p m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eafm ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u Wi-Fi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khong-ra-duoc-Internet-tu-IP-Private\"><\/span>Kh\u00f4ng ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Internet t\u1eeb IP Private<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng khi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c trang web b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L\u1ed7i NAT:<\/strong> C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh NAT tr\u00ean router b\u1ecb sai ho\u1eb7c router g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/dns-la-gi\/\">DNS<\/a> Server:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c router b\u1ecb sai\/kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Default Gateway:<\/strong> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecf \u0111\u00fang Default Gateway (router).<\/li>\n<li><strong>IP Public c\u1ee7a router:<\/strong> Router kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public ho\u1eb7c IP Public b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i Router:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh NAT tr\u00ean Router:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh n\u0103ng NAT \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra DNS Server:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DNS c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 Google DNS (<code>8.8.8.8<\/code>, <code>8.8.4.4<\/code>) ho\u1eb7c Cloudflare DNS (<code>1.1.1.1<\/code>, <code>1.0.0.1<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra Default Gateway:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1ecf \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn <strong>IP Private<\/strong> c\u1ee7a router.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ISP:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu router kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c IP Public, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Loi-khuyen-khi-trien-khai-va-quan-ly-IP-Private\"><\/span>L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean khi tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd IP Private<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, InterData xin chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi IP Private:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DHCP \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> Tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh IP t\u0129nh, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 DHCP (tr\u00ean router c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n) t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p IP v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 IP cho m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, h\u00e3y l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 IP Private t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng firewall, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u m\u1ea1nh cho router, v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng VPN (Virtual Private Network) n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb xa m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt firmware router th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean:<\/strong> Firmware l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n router. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt firmware gi\u00fap v\u00e1 c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/lo-hong-bao-mat-la-gi\/\">l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o router c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng NAT.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau-hoi-thuong-gap-ve-IP-Private\"><\/span>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 IP Private<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 IP Private, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 InterData \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IP-Private-co-truy-cap-Internet-duoc-khong\"><\/span>IP Private c\u00f3 truy c\u1eadp Internet \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng, IP Private kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp Internet m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. \u0110\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 IP Private giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Internet, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trung gian (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 router) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng NAT (Network Address Translation). NAT s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public c\u1ee7a router.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Router-co-IP-Private-hay-Public\"><\/span>Router c\u00f3 IP Private hay Public?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Router c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i IP. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Public \u1edf ph\u00eda WAN (k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Internet) \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, router c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private \u1edf ph\u00eda LAN (k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co-can-IP-Private-cho-moi-thiet-bi-khong\"><\/span>C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n IP Private cho m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3, m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (LAN) ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP Private duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y xung \u0111\u1ed9t. N\u1ebfu hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t IP Private, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IP-Private-co-bao-mat-tuyet-doi-khong\"><\/span>IP Private c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng, <strong>IP Private<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb Internet. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tinh vi h\u01a1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p IP Private v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m di\u1ec7t virus, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 d\u1ea3i IP Private l\u00e0 g\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. InterData hy v\u1ecdng th\u00f4ng qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa IP Private v\u00e0 IP Public, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ri\u00eang trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":29790,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[151],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mang"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15811"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15811\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34505,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15811\/revisions\/34505"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/interdata.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}